老托福30篇听写正确文本和生词摘录.docx

老托福30篇听写正确文本和生词摘录.docx

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老托福30篇听写正确文本和生词摘录

托福听写作业1

正确原文：

ThismorningIwanttotellyouaboutarecentscientificdiscoverydealingwiththerelationshipbetweenplantsandanimals.Thisisaboutadesertshrubwhoseleavescanshootastreamofpoisonousresinadistanceofsixfeet.Youthinkitwouldbesafefromallattacksbyinsects?

Butarecentstudyhasfoundoneinsect,abeetlethatcanchewitswaypasttheplant'sdefensesystembycuttingthemainveinthatdeliversthepoisontotheleaves.Thisveincuttingisjustonemethodthebeetlesusedtoprepareasafemeal.Anotherisbycuttingapathallthewayacrosstheleavestoholdtheflowofchemicals.Thentheysimplyeatbetweentheveinsofpoison.Inthepast,scientistswhostudiedinsectadaptationtoplantdefenseshavefocusedonchemicalresponses.Thatis,howtheinsectscanneutralizeoralterthepoisonoussubstancesplantsproduce.What'suniqueaboutthischewingstrategyisthatthebeetleisactuallyexhibitingabehavioralresponsetotheplant'sdefensesratherthanthemorecommonchemicalresponse.Itisonlyafterabeetle'ssurvivedseveralencounterswiththeplant'sresinthatitlearnshowtoavoidthepoison:

bychewingthroughtheresintransportingveinsonthenextleafiteats.Andthusgivesitselfasafemeal.However,itcantakeabeetleanhourandahalfofcarefulveincuttingtoprepareasmallleafthattakesitonlyafewminutestoeat.So,thoughthemethodiseffective,it'snotveryefficient. 

生词摘录：

1.shrub:

n.灌木

2.resin:

n.树脂

3.beetle:

n.甲壳虫

4.vein:

n.静脉

5.neutralize:

v.中和

6.alter:

v.改变

托福听写作业2

正确原文：

Humanpopulationsneartheequatorhaveevolveddarkskinovermanygenerationsbecauseofexposuretothefiercestraysofthesun.Asimilarphenomenonhasalsooccurredinotherpartsoftheanimalkingdom.TheAfricangrassmouseisagoodexample.Mostmicearenocturnal,buttheAfricangrassmouseisactiveduringdaylighthours.Thismeansthatitspendsitsdayssearchingforfoodinthesemi-drybushinscrubbyhabitatsofeasternandsouthernAfrica.Itsfurrystripe'slikeachipmunk's,whichhelpsitblendinwithitsenvironment.Becauseitspendsalotoftimeintheintensetropicalsun,thegrassmousehasalsoevolvedtwoseparatesafeguardsagainstthesun'sultravioletradiation.First,likethepopulationofhumansinthisregionoftheworld,theskinofthegrassmousecontainslotsofmelanin,ordarkpigment.Secondandquiteunusual,thismousehasalayerofmelanin-pigmentedtissuebetweenitsskullandskin.ThisuniquecapprovidesanextrameasureofprotectionforthegrassmouseandthreeothertypesofAfricanmouse,likerodentsthatareactiveduringtheday.Theonlyotherspeciesscientistshasidentifiedwiththesamesortofskulladaptationisthewhitetent-makingbatoftheCentralAmericantropics.Althoughthesebatssleepduringtheday,theydosocurledupwiththeirheadsexposedtothesun. 

生词摘录：

1.equator:

n.赤道

2.nocturnal:

adj.夜行的

3.scrubby:

adj.树丛繁盛的

4.stripe:

n.条纹

5.chipmunk:

n.花栗鼠

6.ultraviolet:

adj.紫外线的

7.melanin:

n.黑色素

8.pigment:

n.色素

9.rodent:

n.啮齿类动物

10.skull:

n.头骨

托福听写作业3

正确原文：

We'vebeenlookingatfearfromabiologicalperspective,andsomeoneaskedwhetherthetendencytobefearfulisgenetic.Whatsomestudiesdonewithmiceindicatethatmammalsdoinheritfearfulnesstosomedegree.Inonestudy,forinstance,agroupofmicewasplacedinabrightlylitopenboxwithnohidingplace.Someofthemicewanderedaroundtheboxanddidn'tappeartobebotheredaboutbeingsoexposed.Butothermicedidn'tmove.Theystayedupagainstonewallwhichindicatedthattheywereafraid.Well,whenfearfulmice,oryoumightsayanxiousmiceliketheoneswhostayedinoneplace,whenmicelikethesewerebredwithoneanotherrepeatedly,afterabouttwelveorsogenerations,thenalloftheoffspringshowedsimilarsignsoffearfulness.Andevenwhenanewbornmousefromthisgenerationwasraisedbyamotherandwithothermicewhowerenotfearful,thatmousestilltendedtobefearfulasanadult.Nowwhyisthis?

Wellit'sthoughtthatspecificgenesinananimal'sbodyhaveaninfluenceonanxiousbehavior.Thesearegenesthatareassociatedwithparticularnerve-cellreceptorsinthebrain.Andthedegreeofoveralloffearfulnessinthemammalseemstodependinlargepartonthepresenceorabsenceofthesenerve-cellreceptors.Andthisappearstoapplytohumansaswellbytheway.Butwhileatendencytowardsanxietyandfearmaywellbeaninheritedtrait,thespecificformthatthefeartakeshasmoretodowiththeindividual'senvironment.Soaparticularfear,likeafearofsnakesorthefearofspider,say,isnotgenetic,buttheoveralltendencytohavefearfulresponses,is. 

生词摘录：

1.genetic:

adj.遗传的

2.offspring:

n.子孙，后代

3.receptor:

n.接受器

托福听写作业4

正确原文：

Let'sturnourfocusnowtoadvertising.Weallknowwhatanadvertisementis:

It'sessentiallyamessagethatannouncessomethingforsale.Nowthere'sanimportantpreconditionthatmustexistbeforeyouhaveadvertising,andthat'salargesupplyofconsumergoods,thatis,thingstosell.Youseeinaplacewherethedemandforaproductisgreaterthanthesupply,thereisnoneedtoadvertise.Nowtheearliestformsofadvertisinggoingbackmanyhundredsofyearswithasimplesignovershopdoorsthattoldyouwhethertheshopwasabakery,abutchershoporwhathaveyou.Thenwiththeadventofprinting,advertisingincreasedsubstantially.Asforproductslikecoffee,teaandchocolateappearedinnewspapersandotherperiodicals,aswellasonthesidesofbuilding.IntheAmericancolonies,advertisingandcommunicationmedialikenewspapersandpamphletsbecameamajorfactorinmarketinggoodsandservices.Bymodernstandards,theseearlyadvertisementswerequitesmallandsubdued,notassplashy,wholepagespreadoftoday.StillsomeofthemappearedonthefrontpagesofnewspapersprobablybecausethenewsoftenconsistedoflessrefreshreportsfromdistantEuropewhilethenewswerecurrentandlocal.Advertisingreallycameanddoitsoandbecameanessentialpartofdoingbusinessduringtheindustrialrevolution.Suddenlytherewasamuchgreatersupplyofthingstosell.Andaswesaidearlier,thatisthedrivingforcebehindadvertising.People'sattentionhadtobedrawntothenewproduct.Let'stakealookatsomeoftheadvertisementsfromthattime. 

生词摘录：

1.essentially:

adv.本质上，本来

2.precondition:

n.先决条件

3.bakery:

n.面包店

4.butcher:

n.屠户

5.periodical:

n.期刊

6.pamphlet:

n.小册子

7.subdued:

adj.被抑制的

8.splashy:

adj.大而显眼的，引人注目的

托福听写作业5

正确原文：

Movingawayfromnewspapers,let'snowfocusonmagazines.Now,thefirstmagazinewasalittleperiodicalcalledTheReview,anditwasstartedinLondonin1704.Itlookedalotlikethenewspapersofthetime.Butintermsofitscontent,itwasmuchdifferent.Newspaperswereconcernedmainlywithnewsevents,butTheReviewfocusedonimportantdomesticissuesofthedayaswellasthepoliciesofthegovernment.NowinEnglandatthetime,peoplecouldstillbethrowninjailforpublishingarticlesthatwerecriticaloftheking.Andthat'swhathappenedtoDanielDefoe.HewastheoutspokenfounderofTheReview.DefoeactuallywrotethefirstissueofTheReviewfromprison.Yousee,hehadbeenarrestedbecauseofhiswritingsthatcriticizedthepoliciesoftheChurchofEngland,whichwasheadedbytheking.Afterhisrelease,DefoecontinuedtoproduceTheReviewandmagazinestartedtoappearonamorefrequentschedule,aboutthreetimesaweek,itdidn'ttakelongforothermagazinestostartpoppingup.In1709,amagazinecalledTheTatlerbeganpublication.Thisnewmagazinecontainedamixtureofnews,poetry,politicalanalysis,andphilosophicalessays. 

生词摘录：

1.periodical:

n.期刊TheReview:

《评论》杂志

2.DanielDefoe:

丹尼尔·笛福（1660-1731），生于伦敦一小工商业者家庭，1731年4月26日卒于莫尔福德。

幼时只受过普通中等教育。

早年曾经商，办工厂，屡次破产，又屡次重新起家。

笛福对写作和政治很感兴趣，早年写过很多文章和小册子，长年奔走于英格兰和苏格兰各地了解舆论情况，因文字两次获罪下狱。

从1704年起，他创办《评论》杂志（TheReview,1704-1713），这是英国第一份定期出版的文化和政治刊物，是英国报业的先驱。

笛福年近花甲才开始小说创作，他的第一部小说《鲁宾逊漂流记》（RobinsonCrusoe,1719）是其代表作，也是英国近代小说的开山之作；这部小说通过具体而真实的细节来叙述故事、刻画人物，以日常事件构成不平凡的故事，具有强烈的真实感，被认为是现实主义的创始之作。

笛福的其它小说作品包括《辛格顿船长》（CaptainSingleton,1720）、《摩尔·弗兰德斯》（MollFlanders,1722）、《大疫年日记》（AJournalofthePlagueYear,1722）和《罗克萨娜》（Roxana,1724）等。

除小说外，他还写有国内外旅行游记、人物传记及其他纪实性作品以及有关经商贸易的著作。

3.TheTatler:

《闲话者》，由爱迪森（JosephAddison,1672～1719）和史蒂尔（SirRichardSteele,1672～1729）共同创办，面向中产阶级读者，起到了传播文化和道德说教的作用。

4.philosophical:

adj.哲学的

托福听写作业6

正确原文：

ThecattleranchingindustrystartedinthenewwesternUnitedStatesinthelate1800s.Astheindustrydeveloped,sodidthehorseridingconteststhatwecalledrodeos.Rodeosweren'talwaysthebigentertainmentshowsthatweseenowadays.Thefirstonesweresmallcontestsstartedasaformofcompetitionamongpeoplehistoricallyreferredtoascowboys,althoughtheydidincludebothmenandwomen.Onedutyofthecowboyswastoguideherdsofcattlefromthegrassyrangesintotownsaroundtherailroadlineswherethecowswereloadedontotrains.Thecowboyswouldgathernearthesecowtownstocompetefortheunofficialtitle:

besthorserider.Theywoulddemonstratetheridingskillstheyhadlearnedasamatterofsurvival.Theaudiencewascomposedmainlyofothercowboyswhowatchedthecompetitorscriticallysincetheyknewwhattheeventswereallabout.Rodeoconteststookadifferentturninthe1890swhenorganizersbegantoholdcowboysportsduringyearlyagriculturalfairs.Whatwasdifferentwastheaudience.Itconsistedmostlyofpeoplewhowereunfamiliarwithlifeontherange.Theywereamazedbytheskilloftheridersandtheintelligenceofthehorses.Rodeoatagricultura