甘肃省天水市学年高二英语下学期第一学段考试试题.docx

甘肃省天水市学年高二英语下学期第一学段考试试题.docx

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甘肃省天水市学年高二英语下学期第一学段考试试题

甘肃省天水市2016-2017学年高二英语下学期第一学段考试试题

选择题（共50分）

第一部分阅读（共两节，满分30分）

第一节阅读理解（每小题2分，满分20分）

A

StrangeBaby-NamingLaws

Gemany

Parentsarebannedbylawfromusinglastnamesandthenamesofobjectsandproductsasfirstnames.Achild’sfirstnamesmustclearlyshowhisorhersex,andallnamesmustbeapprovedbytheofficeofvitalstatisties（人口统计）intheareainwhichthechildwasborn.

Iceland

Thecountry’snamingcommitteeconsultstheNationalRegisterofPersonstodetermineifanameisacceptable.Ifparentspreferanamewhichisnotonthelist,theymustapplyforapprovalandpayafee,andthenamemustcontainonlylettersintheIcelandicaiphabet.

NewZealand

Thecountry’sBirths,Deaths,andMarriagesRegistrationActof1995doesn’tallowparentstochooseanamethat“mightcauseoffensetoareasonableperson;isunreasonablylong;oris,includes,orissimilartoanofficialtitleorrank,”including,apparently,AdolfHitlerandYeahDetroit—bothnamesrecentlyrejected.

Denmark

IfDanishparentspreferanamenotonthelistof7,000preapprovedbabynames,theymustgetpermissionfromlocalchurchandgovernmentofficials.15to20percentofthe1,100reviewednames—includingcreativespellingsofcommonnames,lastnamesasfirstnames,andunusualnames—arerejectedeachyear.

1.Youcantellwhetherababyisagirloraboyaccordingtothefirstnamesin_____.

A.GermanyB.NewZealandC.IcelandD.Denmark

2.InIceland,thenamesshould______.

A.beonthenameslistwithoutexceptionB.bepaidalargeamountofmoneyfor

C.containonlylettersintheRomanalphabetD.beacceptedbytheNationalRegisterofPersons

3.InNewZealandthenaminglaw________.

A.usedtoforbidtheuseofthenameofAdolfHitlerB.allowsnamessimilartoanofficialtittleorrank

C.isconsiderateastohowotherpeoplefeelaboutthenamesD.doesn’tallowusinglastnamesasfirstnames

4.Itcanbelearnedfromthetextthat________.

A.eachyearabout160-220reviewednamesarerejectedinDenmark

B.babies’namesshouldbeallowedbytheofficeofvitalstatisticsinIceland

C.AdolfHitlerisanamethatisbannedinalltheEuropeancountries

D.parentsmustgiveupbabies’namesifthenamesarenotonthelistinIreland

B

DearMr.Hill,

Weareappreciativeofyourinterestinourproducts.Ifyouvisitourwebsite,you’llseemanyfavorableproductreviews.I’veattachedourcompanycatalogueshowingourentirelineofproducts.

WedesignedtheTopEverestlinetobethemostelegantluggageyoucanfindanywhereintheworld.Somecustomerswanttheluggagetobeasneatly-fittedandlightweightaspossible,soweaskedourdesignerstodojustthat.Youcannotfindamoreneatly-fittedandlightweightluggagethanours.

Inaddition,mostofourcustomerswanttheluggagetobetoughestandmostlong-lasting,sowechosethetoughestandmostlong-lastingmaterialsfortheEverestlineandsubjectedourfirstproductstothemostsevertests.Wehadthemrumoverbysteamrollers（压路机）.Wealsohadtrucksrunoverthem.Onlyafewproductssurvivedthesetests.Werecoveredonlythosethatsurvivedthetests,finalizedtheirdesign,andputthemintoproduction.Youcancountonourproducts.Ifyouwanttopurchaseourproductsinalargequantity,wewillgiveyoua10%discount.Iamsureyourstorewillmakemoreprofitsthanever.OnApril6IneedtogoonabusinesstripinTexas.Icandropbyyourstoretomeetwithyouanddiscussourproductsindetail.

Ifwecanbeoffurtherservice,orifyouneedtogetmoreinformation,pleasecallusat356-589-6987atanytime.Wevalueyourbusinessandwanttohelpanywaywecan.

RobinCarter

TopEverest

5.Whatisanadvantageoftheluggage?

A.Itisheavy.B.Itistough.C.Itisbigenough.D.Itiseasytouse.

6.HowcanMr.Hillreceiveapricereduction?

A.HeshouldorderbeforeApril6.B.Heshouldplaceanorderonline.

C.HeshouldvisitMr.Carter’sofficepersonally.D.Heshouldbuyalargenumberoftheproducts.

7.WhydoesMr.Carterwritetheletter?

A.ToreplytoMr.Hill’squestions.B.Topromotesalesofhisproducts.

C.TomakesurehewillmeetMr.Hill.D.Togiveadescriptionabouttheluggage.

C

LetusallraiseaglasstoAlphaGoandtheadvanceofartificial

intelligence.AlphaGo,DeepMind’sGo-playingAI,justdefeatedthe

bestGo-playinghuman,LeeSedol.Butaswedrinktoitssuccess,we

shouldalsobegintryingtounderstanditmeansforthefuture.

ThenumberofpossiblemovesinagameofGoissohugethat,inorder

towinagainstaplayerlikeLee,AlphaGowasdesignedtoadoptahuman-likestyleofgameplaybyusingarelativelyrecentdevelopment—deeplearning.Deeplearninguseslargedatasets,“machinelearning”algorithms（计算程序）anddeepneural（神经的）networkstoteachtheAIhowto performaparticularsetoftasks.RatherthanprogrammingcomplexGorulesandstrategiesintoAlphaGo,DeepMinddesignerstaughtAlphaGotoplaythegamebyfeedingitdatabasedontypicalGomoves.Then,AlphaGoplayedagainstitself,tirelesslylearningfromitsownmistakesandimprovingitsgameplayovertime.Theresultsspeakforthemselves.

Deeplearningrepresentsashiftintherelationshiphumanshavewiththeirtechnologicalcreations.ItresultsinAIthatdisplayssurprisingandunpredictablebehaviour.Commentingafterhisfirstloss,Leedescribedbeingshockedbyanunconventionalmoveheclaimednohumanwouldeverhavemade.DemisHassabis,oneofDeepMind’sfounders,echoedthiscomment:

“We’reverypleasedthatAlphaGoplayedsomequitesurprisingandbeautifulmoves.”

 Unpredictabilityandsurprisesare—orcanbe—agoodthing.Theycanindicatethatasystemisworkingwell,perhapsbetterthanthehumansthatcamebeforeit.SuchisthecasewithAlphaGo.However,unpredictabilityalsoindicatesalossofhumancontrol.ThatHassabisissurprisedathiscreation’sbehavioursuggestsalackofcontrolinthedesign.AndthoughsomelossofcontrolmightbefineinthecontextofagamesuchasGo,itraisesurgentquestionselsewhere.

HowmuchandwhatkindofcontrolshouldwegiveuptoAImachines?

HowshouldwedesignappropriatehumancontrolintoAIthatrequiresustogiveupsomeofthatverycontrol?

IstheresomeAIthatweshouldjustnotdevelopifitmeansanylossofhumancontrol?

Howmuchofasayshouldcorporations,governments,expertsorcitizenshaveinthesematters?

Theseimportantquestions,andmanyotherslikethem,haveemergedinresponse,butremainunanswered.Theyrequirehuman,nothuman-like,solutions.

SoaswedrinktothemilestoneinAI,let’salsodrinktotheunderstandingthatthetimetoanswerdeeplyhumanquestionsaboutdeeplearningandAIisnow.

8.WhatcontributesmosttotheunconventionalmoveofAlphaGointhegame?

A.Thecapabilityofself-improvement.B.Theconstantinputoflargedatasets. 

C.Theinstallationofdeepneutralnetworks. D. TheknowledgeofGorulesandstrategies. 

9.HowshouldwedealwiththeunpredictabilityofAI?

A.WeshouldstopAImachinesfromdevelopingevenfurther.

B.Weshouldcallonthegovernmenttosolvetheseproblemsforus. 

C.Weshouldrelyonourselvesandcomeupwitheffectivesolutions. 

D.Weshouldinventevenmoreintelligentmachinestosolveeverything.

10.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsthisremarkableadvanceinAI?

A.Supportive.  B.Optimistic.  C.Doubtful.   D.Cautious. 

笫二节阅读填空（每小题2分，满分10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

Doyouconstantlyusethecomputer,whetherforlearningorentertainment?

Computersgiveoffradiation（辐射）thatisbadforyourhealth,butherearesomewaystoprotectyourselffromcomputerradiation.

11GreenteacanbeabsorbedbythebodyeasilyintoaformofvitaminA,whichhelpsreduceradiation.

12.

Itisadvisabletoattacharadiationfilterplate（辐射过滤板）infrontofyourcomputer’sscreen.Makesuretoavoidputtinganymetalsubstancesnearyourcomputerasthesemayhavereflectedsomeoftheelectromagneticwavesthatareharmfultoyourhealth.13.Thebrighterthescreenthehighertheradiationtherewillbeandviceversa.

Youcanalsoputsomeradiation-absorbingplantssuchasseveralcactinearyourcomputertopreventradiation.

Makesureyoudoaskincareprotectionbeforesittinginfrontofthecomputer.14Washyourfacesoonafterusingthecomputerinordertoreduce70%oftheradiation.

15Oldcomputeringeneral,hasonetotwotimesmoreradiationsreleasedthanthenewonewithinthesamedistance.

A.Andadjustthebrightnessofyourcomputerscreen.

B.Applyalayeroffacialmasktoprotectyourself.

C.Andadjustthesoundlevelonyourcomputer.

D.Themostefficientwayisbydrinkingsomecoffeeregularly.

E.Thesimplestwayisbydrinking2or3cupsofgreenteaeveryday. 

F.Ifpossible,purchaseanewcomputerinsteadofusinganoldmodelcomputer. 

G.Italsohelpskeepoureyesseethingsclearlyinthedarkbyimprovingthevisualability.

笫三部分英语知识运用（满分20分）

完形填空（共20小题；每题1分，满分20分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

NickwasnotthekindofboyIhadexpectedtospendmysummerwith.Iwashopingtohavea relaxation  thesummerbeforemybusysenioryear,__16__mymotheraskedmetodohera __17__.Oneofhercolleaguesneededafull-time __18__.“Youplannedtovolunteeratthelocalhospital,whynotvolunteerto ___19___Nickinstead?

”Thenshetoldmethatthissix-year-oldboywasnota ___20___child.

Nickwasalovelylittleboywhosufferedfrommanydisorders.Normalday-carecentreswouldnot ___21___him.Asababy,hehadseriousearinfectionswhichlefthimwithequilibrium（平衡）problems.Hecouldn’t ___22___orrunproperly.Iwashesitating___23___Iwastotakethejobwhenmymother ___24___,“Don’tyouwanttobea