英语单词词性和判断技巧.docx
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英语单词词性和判断技巧
英语单词词性
词性尾缀其实很多,大家主要记住最常用的
1.名词后缀
1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:
做某件事情或职业的人或物:
worker,debtor
2)-acy,表示"性质,状态,境遇"democracy,accuracy,diplomacy
3)-ance,-ence表示"性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度”importance,diligence,difference,obedience
4)-ancy,-ency,表示"性质,状态,行为,过程"frequency,urgency,efficiency,
5)-bility,表示"动作,性质,状态"possibility,flexibility,feasibility,
6)-dom,表示"等级,领域,状态"freedom,kingdom,wisdom
7)-hood,表示"资格,身份,年纪,状态"childhood,manhood,falsehood
8)-ion,-sion,-tion,-ation,-ition,表示"行为的过程,结果,状况"action,solution,conclusion,destruction,expression,correction
9)-ism,表示"制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为"socialism,criticism,colloquialism,heroism
10)-ity,表示"性质,状态,程度”purity,reality,ability,calamity
11)-ment,表示"行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果treatment,movement,judgment,punishment,argument
12)-ness,表示"性质,状态,程度"goodness,kindness,tiredness,friendliness
13)-ship,表示"情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业”hardship,membership,friendship
14)-th,表示"动作,性质,过程,状态"depth,wealth,truth,length,growth
15)-tude,表示"性质,状态,程度"latitude,altitude(海拔)
16)-ure,表示"行为,结果"exposure,pressure,failure,procedure(手续),
17-grapy,表示"……学,写法”biography,calligraphy,geography
18)-ic,ics,表示"……学……法"logic,mechanics,electronics,linguistics
19)-ology,表示"……学……论”biology,zoology,technology(工艺学)
20)-nomy,表示"……学……术"astronomy,economy,bionomy(生态学)
2.形容词后缀
(1)带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义
1)-able,-ible,visible,flexible
2)名词-ish,foolish,bookish,selfish(注意accomplish,vanish)
3)-ive,active,sensitive,productive
4)-like,manlike,childlike
5)名词-ly,manly,fatherly,scholarly,motherly
6)-some,troublesome,handsome
7)-ful,beautiful,wonderful,helpful,truthful
8)-ous,dangerous,generous,courageous,various
9)-ent,violent
10)-most,foremost,topmost
11)less,表示否定,countless,stainless,wireless
3.动词后缀
1)-ize,ise,表示"做成,变成,……化“modernize,mechanize,democratize,organize
2)-en,表示"使成为,引起,使有”quicken,weaken,soften,harden
3)-fy,表示"使……化,使成”beautify,purify,intensify,signify,simplify
4)-ish,表示"使,令”finish,abolish,diminish,establish
5)-ate,表示“成为……,处理,作用”separate,operate,indicate
4.副词后缀
(形容词)-ly:
bad→badly坏地/恶劣地,careful→carefully小心地
-wise(OE):
clock→clockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地);like→likewise同样地
-wards:
out→outwards向外面地,north→northwards向北方地
单词词性判断技能指导
●单词词性判断可以在词义的理解及书写句子方面帮助学生。
名词
名词有四数:
可数与不可数,单数或复数;限定与动词不可忘。
四数加限定!
一.怎样确定名词:
一般情况下在下列结构中我们可确定所缺空应为名词
◇1.a/an/the+(adj.)+名词;a/thebook;therichthedisabledtheSmiths
◇2.adj.+名词;abigstone;alongriver;interestingbooks
◇3.adv.+adj.+名词;averyhonestboy
◇4.介词+名词;intheroom;underconstruction
◇5.形容词性物主代词+名词;mysurprise;hishonesty
◇6.数词+名词;fivegirls;
◇7.缺的词在句中为主语,表语,宾语时多为名词。
Theyhavebooks.
及时练习1:
1.Therehasbeena30%growthinthe____(市场)forpersonalcomputers.
3.Hehasdiscoveredalotof___________(发现)inscience.
5.IamsorrythatIcan’tattendthe__________(讲座)onAmericanhistory.
6.Shestartedasasuccessfulmerchantbutendedupasa__________(乞丐).
7.Therewasasurprised_____________(表情)onherface.
8.Ourcityhasexperiencedgreat___________(变化)inthepastfewyears
9.Pleasegivemy_________(祝贺)whenyouseeher.
10.Jacktookadeep_____________(呼吸)andthendivedintothewater.
11.Oliverwasunabletogivepolicea______________(描述)ofhisattack.
12.Thecarwasa____________(廉价货)attheprice.
动词→名词练习:
achieveaddarguearriverespond
retirerudesavesailsell1.market3discoveries5.lecture6beggar7.expression8changes9.congratulations10.breath11.description12.bargain
及时练习2:
指出下列文中的名词:
Intheearly1990s,theword“Internet”wasstrangetomostpeople.Buttoday,Internethasbecomeausefultoolforpeopleallovertheworld.MaybeInternethasbeenthegreatestinventioninthefieldofcommunicationinthehistoryofmankind(人类).
CommunicatingwithothersontheInternetismuchfaster.Wecanchatwithapersonwhoissittingintheotherpartoftheworld.Wecane-mailourfriendsandtheycanreadthee-mailswithinaminute.
GivingallkindsofinformationisprobablythebiggestadvantageoftheInternet.Wecanusesearchenginestofindtheinformationweneed.Justtypeinakeywordorkeywordsandthesearchenginewillgiveusalistofsuitablewebsitestolookat.
WecanenjoyalotontheInternetbydownloadinggames,visitingchatroomsorsurfing(浏览)websites.Therearesomegamesforfree.Wecanmeetnewandinterestingpeopleinthechatnow.Wecanalsolistentomusicandseefilms.
二.怎样确定名词的单数或复数;可数或不可数
§确定名词单数或复数的方法:
1.由名词前面的数词:
1.Ihaveseveral______(书)ontheshelf.2.Thisbuscancarry60(乘客).
2.由名词后的动词单数或复数(即主谓一致):
The_____(建议)arereasonableandsomeofuswillacceptthem.
3.由句意:
Our______(教授)heldameetingabouthowtoimproveourEnglish.
Whatisthebest-knownchainoffast-food(餐馆)intheworld.
※及时练习3:
判断下列名词正误:
1.Theyoftenhavefish,meatandvegetableforsupper.
2.Mrs.Smithgetswellalongwithherneighbor.
3.Theyhadonlythreemealofsoupeveryday.
4.DickenswroteOliverTwistintheyear1837-1838.
5.Hisnewplaywasagreatsucceed.
6.Theanimalsareusefultothedesertpeopleinmanyway.
7.Asheexploredthesea,hetookpictureandvideosofmanythingthatpeoplehadneverseenbefore.
8.Theyweregivenkindsofbreakfast,andsometimestheygotnobreakfastatall.
9.Schoolchildwalkedwiththeirshirts,coatsandanythingelsetheycouldfindpulledupovertheirnose.
10.Themiddlepartofthe20thcenturybroughtnewwaystohelppeoplegetoverdisease.
11.Toomanytreeshavebeencutthisyears.
12.Theyusecamelsforcarryingwater,food,tentsandanotherthings.
§确定名词可数或不可数的方法:
注意三类名词:
1、总是不可数的名词:
1)物质名词:
furniture,equipment,
2)抽象名词:
advice,progress,news,fun,truth,milk,ink,rice,…
2.根据名词本身的意义:
1)物质名词:
water(水u,水域c),rain(雨水u,一场雨c)
2)抽象名词:
experience(经验u,经历c),pleasure(愉快u,乐事c),success(成功u,成功的人c),failure(失败u,失败的人或事c),pity(遗憾u,遗憾的事c),surprise(惊讶u,惊讶的事c),
3.个体名词总是可数名词:
book,desk,
三.限定词:
限定词是位于名词或名词词组之前,对他们在特指、泛指或数量等方面起限定作用的一类词。
Sheshowedacertainelegance.Thejudgedivorcedthecouple.Hehasgotsomebrains(智慧)!
限定词与形容词的区别主要是:
限定词只对名词起限定作用(有些限定词也可用作其他词性,如代词等),而形容词则描述名词的特征、状态等:
Welivedinsmallhouse.→Welivedinasmallhouse.
house是个体名词,一般来说,个体名词是可数名词,有单数复数形式,单数形式的个体名词(可数名词)除在部分习语或固定搭配中外,一般不可单独使用,须根据具体情况与冠词、不定代词、指示代词或其它限定词连用,或使用其复数形式。
练习:
改正下列错误:
1.SheshouldbeabletogetjobinEurope.
2.Mr.Blakewasconsideredexcellentmusicteacher.3.Howdidaccidenthappen?
4.Iwillgiveyouotherchancetoproveyourself.5.Doyouhaveclassthismorning?
6.ImportantproductofSouthAfricaarefruitandgold.7.SheisEnglishteacher.
动词
由于动词在句中有谓语和非谓语两种形式,可根据所缺单词在句中充当的成分来判断此处是否为动词。
一.一般情况下:
◇1.is,am,are,was,were,
◇2.will(would),can(could),must,may,…
◇3.has…,have…,had…,don’t,didn’t,doesn’t…
◇4.V+s:
goes,likes,…
◇5.动词原型:
want/go/
以上4项为确定的谓语动词。
句中有了确定的谓语动词后其它的动词形如V-ing/todo/done(-ed)的为非谓语动词。
YouwanttoknowaboutmystayinginAmerica,right?
Well,totellyouthetruth,itisreallyaneye-openingexperiencetostudyhere.
InChina,IhadEnglishclassesfivetimesaweeksincefifthgrade.However,Ididn’tknowhowdifferenttextbookEnglishcouldbefromeverydayEnglishuntilIcametoHotchkissSchool,Connecticut.
WhenIfirststudiedEnglish,Iwastoldtosay,“Iamfine.”whenpeoplesay“Howareyou?
”ButintheUS,Ifoundthatpeoplesay,“Iamgood.”or“I’mtired.”
Oneday,someonegreetedmewith“What’sup?
”Itmademeconfused.IthoughtforamomentandthensmiledbecauseIdidn’tknowwhattosay.
二.谓语动词的判断:
1.主动形式:
如何主语实施了谓语动作,意义完整,就是表达主动关系。
Heinvitedtotheparty…()
Heinvitedmetotheparty.()
Hewasinvitedtotheparty.()
Hewasinvitedhimtotheparty.()
2.被动形式:
如果主语没有实施谓语动词动作而是承受了该动作,应该用be+done形式表示,只有过分只能表示被动关系。
Helookedthismorning.()
Theboytooktotheschool.()
Thepatientsenttothehospital.()
Theshocksandfirescausedbytheearthquakedestroyedthevillage.()
三.动词与名词的判断:
1.I'mreadytomatchmystrengthagainstyours.我已经准备好与你较量力气。
Hethoughthecouldbeatanyoneattennis,buthe'smethismatchinher.
他以为他打网球所向无敌,但遇到她却是旗鼓相当。
afootballmatch足球比赛
2.Sheisthepictureofhermother.她活像她的妈妈。
Itishardtopicturelifeahundredyearsago.我们很难想象一百年前人们的生活。
3.Haveyouseenanygoodfilmslately?
你最近看过什么好电影吗?
Thetelevisioncompanyisfilminginourtown.电视公司正在我们镇上拍片子。
形容词和副词
若所缺单词为修饰语则考虑形容词和副词。
形容词的主要句法作用为表语和定语,用来说明或修饰名词、代词的词称为形容词,据此可判断所缺是否为形容词;副词一般主要用来修饰形容词,副词,动词或整个句子,据此可判断所缺单词是否为副词。
形容词的学习:
在下列结构中应该用形容词:
◇a+adj+natallboy写一写:
__________________________________________
◇be+adj.Heistall.写一写:
__________________________________________
◇keep/find/make/think…itadj.to/that……
◇be+as+adj.+asdo+as+adv.+as
*beso/too/very/how/however+adj.(不用adv.)
1)形容词在句子中的句法作用及位置:
⑴作定语时放在名词的前面。
形容词修饰名词。
结构:
a/an/…_______名词
LiMeiisabeautifulcitygirl. ThenewstudentcomesfromJapan.
Myfather’s carisveryexpensive. TheEnglishstoryisveryinteresting.
★少数形容词只能作定语这些形容词包括little,live(活着的),elder,eldest等,只能作定语,不能作表语。
例如:
(正)Myelderbrotherisadoctor.(误)MybrotheriselderthanI.
(正)Thisisalittlehouse.(误)Thehouseislittle.
(正)Doyouwantlivefishordeadone?
(误)Theoldmonkeyisstilllive.
★貌似副词的形容词:
lonely,friendly,lively,lovely,likely,deadly,daily,weekly,
★后置的情况:
①修饰复合不定代词时放在代词之后。
如:
Somethingserioushashappenedtohim.(他发生了严重的事故)
1.Everyminutethereis_____goingonhere.
A.excitingsomethingB.somethingexcitingC.excitinganythingD.anythingexciting
2.Thisriverisabout5feet________.A.deepB.widelyC.d