no the ecofeminism in color purple浅析《紫色》中的生态女性主义大学毕设论文.docx

no the ecofeminism in color purple浅析《紫色》中的生态女性主义大学毕设论文.docx

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notheecofeminismincolorpurple浅析《紫色》中的生态女性主义大学毕设论文

青岛工学院

毕业论文（设计）

OntheEco-FeminisminColorPurple

浅析《紫色》中的生态女性主义》

学生姓名学号201201105331

指导教师

学院外语学院

专业英语年级2012级

答辩日期2015年6月13日

青岛工学院

OntheEco-FeminisminColorPurple

浅析《紫色》中的生态女性主义

摘要

艾丽斯·沃克（AliceWalker,1944-）是美国优秀的黑人女作家。

身为一名黑人女性，沃克更为关注黑人的困境、沉默的黑人女性以及生态环境等社会问题。

《紫色》是艾丽斯·沃克的代表作之一，在黑人文学史上有着深远的影响。

在《紫色》中,沃克描述了黑人妇女和自然在父权制社会统治下的遭遇，和努力寻求自我的过程。

本文以生态女性主义为视角，在性别压迫,种族歧视，生态危机的基础上，指出了父权制对自然与女性的双重统治，也探讨了女性和自然反抗压迫寻求和谐共存的道路。

本文从四个方面探讨了作者的生态女性主义意识。

首先简要介绍了国内外对艾丽斯·沃克的《紫色》的文学评论，提出了生态女性主义理论对艾丽斯·沃克作品的影响。

其次分析了小说中女性所遭受的双重压迫以及人类对自然环境的掠夺，并指明二者受压迫的同源性:

父权制的统治。

然后论述了女性和自然反抗父权制统治的声音:

女性的团结互助以及自然对人类的预警。

最后分析了黑人男性的转变，白人和黑人关系的转变，提出了男性与女性、白人与有色人种、人类与自然和平共处的可能性。

用生态女性主义理论来解读《紫色》可以拓宽对小说及作者创作思想的研究，同样也可以呼吁人类自身对生态平衡的关注与保护。

关键词:

《紫色》；生态女性主义；黑人妇女；和谐

Abstract

AliceWalker（1944-）isoneofthemostremarkableAfrican-AmericanwritersinAmericanliterature.Asablackwoman,Walkerpaysmoreconcernsonsuchissuesastheplightofblacks,themutedgroupofblackwomen,nature,andothersocialproblemsinAmerican.TheColorPurpleoneofhermasterpieces,whichhasprofoundinfluenceinthehistoryoftheAfricanliterature.

Inthenovel,Walkerdepictstheoppressionuponblackwomenandtheexploitationofnatureinthepatriarchalsocietyandtheirsearchingforselfidentityaswell.Thisthesisillustrateshomogeneityoftwindominationupontheblackwomenandnature,andputsforwardwaysforharmonioussurvivalofhumanandnaturebycloseexaminationofgenderoppression,racialdiscriminationandecologicalcrisisinTheColorPurple.Mythesiswillbedividedintofourmainparts.Firstly,IwillmakeabriefintroductiontoliteraryreviewonAliceWalker'sTheColorPurpleandintroducesecofeminismanditseffectsonAliceWalker'sworks.Secondly,specificanalysiswillbegiventorevealthedominanceovernatureandwomen,andtoillustratethesamecauseforit:

patriarchaldomination.Thirdly,itillustratesthevoicesofrebellionfromblackwomenandnature:

women'sunityandallianceandthenature'spre-warninguponhumanbeings.Atlast,basedonthefictionaldetails,itpresentsananalysisoftransformationoftheblackmenandthewhite;thusgivesusahopefulpossibilityforco-existenceofhumanbeingsandnature.Fromtheecofeministapproach,itisexpectedtoshedfreshlightontheresearchofthenovelandWalker'sspiritsandevokemoreattentiontoecologicalbalance.

Keywords：

“ColorPurple”;eco-feminism;theblackwomen;harmony

Contents

摘要I

AbstractII

ChapterOneAliceWalkerandEco-Feminism..........................................1

1.1AliceWalkerandLiteraryReviewonherColorPurple1

1.2Eco-FeminismandEco-FeministLiteraryCriticism1

ChapterTwoPatriarchalDominationontheBlackWomenandNature4

2.1TwoOppressionsupontheBlackWomen4

2.1.1GenderDiscriminationupontheBlackWomen4

2.1.2RacialOppressionupontheBlackWomen5

2.2TheExploitationoverNature6

2.3WomenandNature:

theVictimsofPatriarchalSystem7

ChapterThreeRebelliousVoicesAgainstPatriarchalDomination9

3.1BlackWomen’AllianceAgainsttheOppressions9

3.1.1TheKinshipBetweenCelieandNettie9

3.1.2TheFriendshipBetweenCelieandSofia10

3.1.3TheSisterhoodBetweenCelieandShug12

3.2Nature’sEarly-warningAgainstExploitations13

ChapterFourHarmoniousSurvivalBetweenHumanandNature15

4.1PeacefulCo-existenceofHuman15

4.1.1EqualityBetweenBlackWomenandBlackMen15

4.1.2Mutual-respectBetweentheWhiteandtheBlack16

4.2HumanandNatureinHarmony17

ChapterFiveConclusion19

Bibliography20

Acknowledgments.....................................................................................21

ChapterOneIntroduction

AliceWalker,anAfrican-Americannovelist,essayist,poet,biographer,andshortfictionwriter,isoneofthemostremarkableandinfluentialwomenwritersinAmericanliterature.Sincein1982,TheColorPurplehasarousedagreatconcern.ItwasontheNewYorkTimesbestsellerslistfor25weeksandwonthePulitzerPrizein1983.ThesiscarriesonarelativelydetailedanalysisofAliceWalker'secofeministconsciousnessperceivedinTheColorPurple.Ecofeministsbelievetorealizetheharmonyandreconciliationoftheworldbyoverturningthepatriarchy.

1.1AliceWalkerandLiteraryReviewonherColorPurple

Alicewalker’sworksmainlyfocusonraceandgenderoppressionofblackwomen,andshowtheirhesitation,awakeningandresistance.Tobethevoiceofblackwomen.Shesaid:

allmymindisinthespiritofthepeopleofmysurvival.TheColorPurplewinsthePulitzerliteraturebookaward,nationalbookawardandthenationalbookcriticsaward,andbecomethemilestoneofblackliterature.

Foreigncriticsevaluatethemeaning,feministthoughtandculturalidentity,andmanyotheraspectsofTheColorPurple.Forexample,PeterPrescottestimatestopicsofTheColorPurple,includingfear,love,murderandsoon;BellhookssaysTheColorPurplebeyondtheboundariesofrace,class,gender,andculture.Othercriticsanalyzetheartformofthenovel,suchasthenarrativestrategy,languagecharacteristics.Sincethe1980s,domesticcriticsofTheColorPurpleresearchmainlyfocusonthereflectionoffeminismForexample,Janewangbelieveswalkerfeministsoulisthepursuitofcompletehumansurvival.Therearesomecriticalanalysisofthecharactersinthenovel,themesandformsofart,etc.Overall,thedomesticstudyofwalker'sworksneedstofurtherexplore.

1.2Eco-FeminismandEco-FeministLiteraryCriticism

Inthe19thcentury,Withthewomen'smovementdevelopment,theearlyfeministsarecommittedtotheimprovementofthecivilrights.Inthe20thcentury,women'smovementhasreachedgreatheight.Inthe1960sand1970s,intheUnitedStates,women'sliberationmovementemerged.In1962,RachelCarson,ascientist,writer,andecologist,publishedSilentSpring.ThebooklikesabombwhichexplodinginAmerica.Meanwhile,stimulatingAmericanpeople’snerve.Afterthepublicationofthisbook,environmentalismcomesintobeingquickly.InfacttheGreenMovementbeginsintheUnitedStates.Uptotheearly1970s,PeoplepaymoreattentiontothedeteriorationoftheenvironmentwhichinfluencedbyeconomicexpansionandthewaraftertheWorldWarII.

Atthesametime,anewterm:

Eco-Feminismarousesalotofattentionforfeminists.ItwasfirstlyintroducedbyFrancoised'Eaubonne.However,tillthe1990s,Eco-FeminismhascomeintobeingasamovementintheUnitedState.

Ecofeministsclaimthatnatureisafeministissue.Theyexploretherelationshipbetweenenvironmentaldegradationandgenderoppressionasaneffectofwesternmaledominance.Also,ecofeministspointout:

it’snotenoughtodiscusstheconnectionsbetweentheexploitationofnatureandtheoppressionofwomeninpatriarchalsocieties.Itisequallyimportanttorecognizetwoformsofdominationwhicharecloselyconnectedwithclassexploitation,racism,colonialismandneocolonialism.

Asanewwaveofculturalandartistictrend,ecofeministliterarycriticismcomesintobeingonthebasisoffeministcriticismandecologicalcriticism.Itscientificallycombinesfeministcriticismandecologicalcriticisminthefieldofliterarystudytoformitsownuniqueliterarycriticism.

Ecofeministliterarycriticismisn’tgeneratedspontaneously.Itisborninthelate20thcenturys,Eco-Feminismphilosophy,whichprovidesnecessarytheoreticalbackgroundandthesoilforemergence,development.Inthemiddleofthe1980s,CarlinWarrenmadethecoreofEco-Feminismassumptions:

First.theoppressionofwomenandnaturehaveimportantconnection.second,tounderstandthenatureoftheselinksforthefullunderstandingofwomenandtheoppressionsufferedbynatureisnecessary;third,Eco-Feminismtheoryandpracticemustincludetheecologicalperspective,forth,tosolveecologicalproblemsmustincludethefeministperspective.

ToEco-Feminism,women’svirtueandecologicalprincipleshavebecomeaimportantstandardsofliterarycriticism.Ontheonehand,theyappreciateandpraisetheliteraryworkswhicharefilledtheideaswiththestable,interconnectingcommunity.Ontheotherhand,Theystronglyopposedtothepropagationofmale-centeredculture,andconceptofcontrollingdesire.

Ecofeministliterarycriticismhasbeenmorethantwentyyearsofdevelopment.Bypayingourattentiontotheplotsandcharactersofliteratureworks,authorswanttoshowtherelevanceofprofoundconceptsforacomplexworldwithdifferentinhabitants.Ecofeministliterarycriticismhasformedaself-containedtheoreticalframeworkandresearchmethod.Asacriticalperspective,eco-feministliterarycriticismhasbroughtmanynewideas,newthinking,newdiscoveries.

Fromaboveanalysis,wecansee,thebirthofEco-Feminismisconsequenceofrealenvironmentalpressure.Thelovefornatureisimportant,andeco-feministsshowdeepsympathyfortheoppressedwomen.So,AliceWalker’sdualattentiontonatureandfateofwomen,herworksrichineco-feminismthought.

chapterTwoPatriarchalDominationontheBlackWomenandNature

Ecofeministshavenoticedwomenandnature,whicharedominatedbymen.Theycontrolovernaturewomenwhichareinseparable.Protagoras（481-411B.C.）istheancientGreekphilosopher,hedeclares:

manisthemeasureofallthings.Menputthemselvesinthesuperioranddominantpositionoverwomen.Italsosuggestshumankinds,particularlymen,controllingovernatureisunconditionalandabsolute.

2.1TwoOppressionsupontheBlackWomen

Wemayknowaboutgenderdiscriminationandracialoppression,b