硕士研究生入学考试英语试题.docx

硕士研究生入学考试英语试题.docx

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硕士研究生入学考试英语试题

2005年硕士研究生入学考试英语试题

SectionⅠUseofEnglish　　Directions：

　　Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1（10points）　　Thehumannoseisanunderratedtool.Humansareoftenthoughttobeinsensitivesmellerscomparedwithanimals,1thisislargelybecause,2animals,westandupright.Thismeansthatournosesare3toperceivingthosesmellswhichfloatthroughtheair,4themajorityofsmellswhichsticktosurfaces.Infact5,weareextremelysensitivetosmells,6wedonotgenerallyrealizeit.Ournosesarecapableof7humansmellsevenwhentheseare8tofarbelowonepartinonemillion.　　Strangely,somepeoplefindthattheycansmellonetypeofflowerbutnotanother,9othersaresensitivetothesmellsofbothflowers.Thismaybebecausesomepeopledonothavethegenesnecessarytogenerate10smellreceptorsinthenose.Thesereceptorsarethecellswhichsensesmellsandsend11tothebrain.However,ithasbeenfoundthatevenpeopleinsensitivetoacertainsmell12cansuddenlybecomesensitivetoitwhen13toitoftenenough.　　Theexplanationforinsensitivitytosmellseemstobethatbrainfindsit14tokeepallsmellreceptorsworkingallthetimebutcan15newreceptorsifnecessary.Thismay16explainwhywearenotusuallysensitivetoourownsmellswesimplydonotneedtobe.Wearenot17oftheusualsmellofourownhousebutwe18newsmellswhenwevisitsomeoneelse's.Thebrainfindsitbesttokeepsmellreceptors19forunfamiliarandemergencysignals20thesmellofsmoke,whichmightindicatethedangeroffire.　　1.[A]although[B]as[C]but[D]while　　2.[A]above[B]unlike[C]excluding[D]besides　　3.[A]limited[B]committed[C]dedicated[D]confined　　4.[A]catching[B]ignoring[C]missing[D]tracking　　5.[A]anyway[B]though[C]instead[D]therefore　　6.[A]evenif[B]ifonly[C]onlyif[D]asif　　7.[A]distinguishing[B]discovering[C]determining[D]detecting　　8.[A]diluted[B]dissolved[C]determining[D]diffused　　9.[A]when[B]since[C]for[D]whereas　　10.[A]unusual[B]particular[C]unique[D]typical　　11.[A]signs[B]stimuli[C]messages[D]impulses　　12.[A]atfirst[B]atall[C]atlarge[D]attimes　　13.[A]subjected[B]left[C]drawn[D]exposed　　14.[A]ineffective[B]incompetent[C]inefficient[D]insufficient　　15.[A]introduce[B]summon[C]trigger[D]create　　16.[A]still[B]also[C]otherwise[D]nevertheless　　17.[A]sure[B]sick[C]aware[D]tired　　18.[A]tolerate[B]repel[C]neglect[D]notice　　19.[A]availabe[B]reliable[C]identifiable[D]suitable　　20.[A]similarto[B]suchas[C]alongwith[D]asidefrom　　SectionⅡReadingComprehension　　PartA　　Directions：

　　Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1（40points）　　Text1　　Everybodylovesafatpayrise.Yetpleasureatyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone.Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,youmightevenbeoutraged.Suchbehaviourisregardedas"alltoohuman",withtheunderlyingassumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthisfinelydevelopedsenseofgrievance.ButastudybySarahBrosnanandFransdeWaalofEmoryUniversityinAtlanta,Georgia,whichhasjustbeenpublishedinNature,suggeststhatitalltoomonkey,aswell.　　Theresearchersstudiedthebehaviouroffemalebrowncapuchinmonkeys.Theylookcute.Theyaregood-natured,co-operativecreatures,andtheysharetheirfoodtardily.Aboveall,liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof"goodsandservices"thanmales.SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectcandidatesforDr.Brosnan'sandDr.dewaal's；study.Theresearchersspenttwoyearsteachingtheirmonkeystoexchangetokensforfood.Normally,themonkeyswerehappyenoughtoexchangepiecesofrockforslicesofcucumber.However,whentwomonkeyswereplacedinseparatebutadjoiningchambers,sothateachcouldobservewhattheotherwasgettinginreturnforitsrock,theirbecamemarkedlydifferent.　　Intheworldofcapuchinsgrapesareluxurygoods（andmuchpreferabletocucumbers）Sowhenonemonkeywashandedagrapeinexchangeforhertoken,thesecondwasreluctanttohandhersoverforamerepieceofcucumber.Andifonereceivedagrapewithouthavingtoprovidehertokeninexchangeatall,theothereithertossedherowntokenattheresearcheroroutofthechamber,orrefusedto；acceptthesliceofcucumberIndeed,themerepresenceofagrapeintheotherchamber（withoutanactualmonkeytoeatit）wasenoughtoreduceresentmentinafemalecapuchin.　　Theresearchessuggestthatcapuchinmonkeys,likehumans,areguidedbysocialemotions,inthewild,theyareaco-operative,grouplivingspecies,Suchco-operationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated.Feelingsofrighteousindignation,itseems,arenotthepreserveofpeoplealone,Refusingalesserrewardcompletelymakesthesefeelingsabundantlycleartoothermembersofthegroup.However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsformthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.　　21.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicby　　A.posingacontrast.　　B.justifyinganassumption.　　C.makingacomparison.　　D.explainingaphenomenon.　　22.Thestatement"itisalltoomonkey"（Lastline,paragraphl）impliesthat　　A.monkeysarealsooutragedbyslackrivals.　　B.resentingunfairnessisalsomonkeys'nature.　　C.monkeys,likehumans,tendtobejealousofeachother.　　D.noanimalsotherthanmonkeyscandevelopsuchemotions.　　23.Femalecapuchinmonkeyswerechosenfortheresearchmostprobablybecausetheyare　　A.moreinclinedtoweighwhattheyget.　　B.attentivetoresearchers'instructions.　　C.niceinbothappearanceandtemperament.　　D.moregenerousthantheirmalecompanions　　24.Dr.BrosnanandDr.deWaalhaveeventuallyfoundintheirstudythatthemonkeys　　A.prefergrapestocucumbers.　　B.canbetaughttoexchangethings.　　C.willnotbeco-operativeiffeelingcheated.　　D.areunhappywhenseparatedfromothers.　　25.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph？

　　A.Monkeyscanbetrainedtodevelopsocialemotions.　　B.Humanindignationevolvedfromanuncertainsource.　　C.Animalsusuallyshowtheirfeelingsopenlyashumansdo.　　D.Cooperationamongmonkeysremainsstableonlyinthewild.Text2　　Doyourememberallthoseyearswhenscientistsarguedthatsmokingwouldkillusbutthedoubtersinsistedthatwedidn'tknowforsure？

Thattheevidencewasinconclusive,thescienceuncertain？

Thattheantismokinglobbywasouttodestroyourwayoflifeandthegovernmentshouldstayoutoftheway？

LotsofAmericansboughtthatnonsense,andoverthreedecades,some10millionsmokerswenttoearlygraves.　　Thereareupsettingparallelstoday,asscientistsinonewaveafteranothertrytoawakenustothegrowingthreatofglobalwarming.ThelatestwasapanelfromtheNationalAcademyofSciences,enlistedbytheWhiteHouse,totellusthattheEarth'satmosphereisdefinitelywarmingandthattheproblemislargelyman-made.Theclearmessageisthatweshouldgetmovingtoprotectourselves.ThepresidentoftheNationalAcademy,BruceAlberts,addedthiskeypointinteprefacetothepanel'srepor"ScienceneverhalltheanswersButsciencedoesprovideuswiththebestavailableguidetothefuture,anditiscriticalthatoutnationandtheworldbaseimportantpoliciesonthebestjudgmentsthatsciencecanprovideconcerningthefutureconsequencesofpresentactions."　　Justasonsmokingvoicesnowcomefrommanyquartersinsistingthatthescienceaboutglobalwarmingisincomplete,thatit'sOktokeeppouringfumesintotheairuntilweknowforsure.thisisadangerousgame：

bythe100percentoftheevidenceisin,itmaybetoolate.Withtherisksobviousandgrowing,aprudentpeoplewouldtakeoutaninsurancepolicynow.　　Fortunately,theWhiteHouseisstartingtopayattention.Butit'sobviousthatamajorityofthepresident'sadvisersstilldon'ttakeglobalwarmingseriously.Insteadofaplanofaction,theycontinuetopressformoreresearch-aclassiccaseof"paralysisbyanalysis".　　Toserveasresponsiblestewardsoftheplanet,wemustpressforwardondeeperatmosphericandoceanicresearchButresearchaloneisinadequate.IftheAdministrationwon'ttakethelegislativeinitiative,CongressshouldhelptobeginfashioningconservationmeasuresAbillbyDemocraticSenatorRobertByrdofWestVirginia,whichwouldofferfinancialincentivesforprivateindustryisapromisingstartManyseethatthecountryisgettingreadytobuildlotsofnewpowerplantstomeetourenergyneeds.Ifweareevergoingtoprotecttheatmosphere,itiscrucialthatthosenewplantsbeenvironmentallysound.　　26.Anargumentmadebysupportersofsmokingwasthat　　A.therewasnoscientificevidenceofthecorrelationbetweensmokinganddeath.　　B.thenumberofearlydeathsofsmokersinthepastdecadeswasinsignificant.　　C.peoplehadthefreedomtochoosetheirownwayoflife.　　D.antismokingpeoplewereusuallytalkingnonsense.　　27.AccordingtoBruceAlberts,sciencecanserveas　　A.aprotector.　　B.ajudge.　　C.acritic.　　D.aguide.　　28.Whatdoestheauthormeanby"paralysisbyanalysis"（Lastline,paragraph4）　　A.Endlessstudieskillaction.　　B.Carefulinvestigationrevealstruth.　　C.prudentplanninghinders.　　D.Extensiveresearchhelpsdecision-making.　　29.Accordingtotheauthor,whatshouldtheAdministrationdoabout　　A.Offeraidtobuildcleanerpowerplants.　　B.Raisepublicawarenessofconservation.　　C.Pressforfurtherscien