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写作

CondoleezzaRice

ByDonnaBrazile

CondoleezzaRiceknowswhosheisandrememberswhereshecamefrom.EarlyinhertenureasU.S.SecretaryofState,shebroughtthenBritishForeignSecretaryJackStrawtoherhomestateofAlabama.Shetookhimtothe16thStreetBaptistChurchinBirmingham,wherefourlittlegirlshadbeenmurderedbyanactofracistterrorism.ShetookhimtotheCivilRightsInstitute,theSouth'sfinestmuseumofitsworstembarrassment.Andshetookhimtoattendservicesatthechurchwhereherfatherservedaspastorduringtheturbulent1960s.

Asachild,Condiexperiencedpersonallywhatitislikewhencitizensaredeniedequalrightsbecauseofthecoloroftheirskin.Whenoneofherheroes,RosaParks,died,Condiwasinthefrontrowatherfuneral,payinghomagetothewomanwhotookaseatonabussothatallAmericanscouldearnaseatatthetable.AsSecretaryofState,Rice,52,hasconsistentlycommunicatedtotheworldthatalthoughtheU.S.isagreatnation,itisnotperfect.WhilesheandIdon'talwaysagreepolitically,Iadmirehercourageaswellasmanyofhervaluesandaccomplishments.Shebalancesheractivecareerwithdevotiontoherfamily,friendsandcommunity.AndshemakestimetostayintouchwithherSouthernroots.

BrazileistheauthorofCookingwithGrease:

StirringthePotsinAmericanPolitics

SoniaGandhi

BySuketuMehta

ImagineiftheU.S.wererunbyanIndianHinduwomanwithoutacollegedegree.It'stough:

theU.S.hasneverelectedanyonewho'snotChristian,whiteandmale—evenasVicePresident.ButIndia,whichisanevenbiggerdemocracy,isruninallbutnamebyanItalianCatholicwidowwithahighschooleducation.Inthe16yearssincetheassassinationofherhusbandRajiv,SoniaGandhi,néeMaino,hasbecomethefaceofthecountry'smostfamousfamily.AsleaderofIndia'sCongressParty,shehasalsomanagedthelargestpoliticalpartyinthecountryandsteeredittopower.Andshehasdoneallthiswearingasari.

Whenherpartywonnationalelectionsin2004,shewasofferedtheprimeministership;shelistenedtoher"innervoice"andturneditdown,andanointedtheeconomistManmohanSinghinherstead.Itwasagesturethatwas,well,Gandhian.Anditsolidifiedherholdonpower.ForordinaryIndians,thisactofrenunciationheldtremendousmythicresonance.ThoughSinghisPrimeMinister,itisSonia,60,whoisthekingmaker.AndhermostlastinglegacymaylieinherchildrenRahulandPriyanka,oneofwhommaywellbecomeIndia'sPrimeMinistersomeday,ascendingtothehighofficethattheirmotherhas—thusfar—renounced.

MehtaistheauthorofMaximumCity:

BombayLostandFound

OprahWinfrey

ByNelsonMandela

OprahWinfrey'sownstoryisaninspirationbecausesheovercamealmosteveryobstaclethatapersonmightface.Sheisanicontopeopleallovertheworldbecauseofhercommitmenttohelpthosewhohavefacedsimilarobstacles.Wethereforesaluteafriendandarolemodel.

Itissaidoverandover,butitisalwaystruethatyoungpeoplearethefuture.Oprah,53,sharedourviewsthatthegainsofourdemocracywouldbenullifiedifwedidnotproperlyeducateourchildrenandyouth.Sheobviouslyrecognizedthepotentialinouryouth.TheOprahWinfreyLeadershipAcademyforGirls—locatednearJohannesburgandeducatinggirlsinGrades7through12—isthereforeawonderfullyappropriategifttothepeopleofSouthAfrica,onethatwillendureovermanylifetimes.

WhenIwenttotheopeningofherschool,IlookedattheshiningfacesoftheseyoungwomenandthoughteveryoneofthemhasthepotentialtobeanOprahWinfrey.Theschoolisimportantbecauseitwillchangethetrajectoryofthesegirls'livesanditwillbrightenthefutureofallwomeninSouthAfrica.

OprahunderstandsthatinAfrica,womenandgirlshaveoftenbeendoublydisadvantaged.Theyhavehadthecurseoflowexpectationsandunequalopportunities.Sheisamodelforallofthem—andforallofus—ofwhatonepersoncandotomakeadifferenceinthelivesofothers.Thatiswhyweconsiderhertobeoneofourheroes.

MandelawasPresidentofSouthAfricafrom1994to1999

MartinLutherKingJr.

HelenKeller/Ms.ZhangHaidi/AdelineYenMah/AthousandSplendidSuns

MarieCurie

Theresa

LordofFlies

Lv?

TheCatcherintheRye

Gonewiththewind/JaneEyre

PrideandPrejudice

备选：

鲁迅--弃医从文、抉择

Friendship:

钟子期、俞伯牙ChunqiuPeriodandWarringStatesPeriod

Accordingtolegend,intheSpringandAutumnPeriodtherelivedalyristYuBoya,whowasextremelyskilledinmusicperformance.OnedayhisperformanceintheopenairwasoverheardbyawoodchopperZhongZiqi,whohappenedtopassby.ZhongZiqiimmediatelyunderstoodthatYuBoyawasdescribingloftymountainsandturbulentrunningwaterthroughhisperformance.Amazedtohavefoundsomeonewithanunderstandingofhismusic,YuBoyadevelopedclosefriendshipwithZhongZiqi.LaterwhenZhongZiqidied,YuBoyawasindeepgriefthathebrokethestringsandthemusicalinstrument.Eversincethenhequitperformingmusic.UntiltodaypeopleinChinastillusetheexpression“ZhiYin”（literally,understandingmusic）torefertoclosefriends,andthesetphrase“HighMountainandRunningRiver”tomeanclosefriendshiporwonderfulmusic.

TherearelyreandzitherversionsofHighMountainandRunningWater,bothinspiredbytheclassicalallusion:

Boyaencounteringapersonwhounderstandshiszitherperformance.

Thestoryof"HighMountainandRunningWater"hadbeeninwidecirculationduringtheWarringStatesPeriod.Thismusic,legendarilyattributedtoYuBoya,tellsthestorythatheandZhongZiqibecamebosomfriendsthroughhiszitherperformance.Originallyonesinglepieceofmusic,itwasdividedintotwoseparatepieces:

HighMountain,andRunningRiver,eachwithitsowncomponentsegments.IntheMingandQingDynastieswiththedevelopmentoflyreperformingtechniques,themusicalscorealsochangeddramatically.MusicalscoreswerefirstseeninMysteriousMusicalScoresbyZhuQuanoftheMingDynasty,butlatermusicperformersmostlyperformedlyreorzitheraccordingtoLyreMusicalScoresoftheTianwenPavilioncodifiedbyTangYimingoftheQingdynasty.InthebookiscollectedthemusicalscoreofRunningRiveradaptedbytheSichuanSchoolofmusicians,ZhangKongshan,whichhasbeenverypopularforthevividandappealingimitationofthegurglingrunningwaterbroughtaboutbyvarioustechniques.

TherearemanyZhengzitherversionsofHighMountainandRunningWater,amongwhichthreearemostpopular:

theversionsofShandong,Zhejiang,andHenanZitherSchools.Andamongthethreeones,theversionofZhejiangSchoolismostinfluential.Althoughthemusicalpiecesforlyreandzitheraredifferentfromeachother,thethemeofseekingfriendshipthroughmusicalperformancehasneverchanged.

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ESSAY

FRIENDSHIP:

FROMARISTOTLETOPRESENT

Friendshiphasbeenaphilosophicalthemeintheclassics.Aristotleconsideredithighly,placingfriendshipabovelove,whichhetendstodepreciateandconnecttoeroticism.

ForAristotle,friendshipwasanexercisebetween«equals»,avirtuesharedbymenbelongingtotheeliteofGreeksociety.Ithadlittleofbrotherhoodandsolidarity,andinvolvedarestraint,abstractandutilitarianface（«Betweenfriends,theruleisthateachreceivesandreturnsinequaldegree,orinaverysimilarone»,Aristotlesaid）.

ToAristotle,friendshipwasalsoasomewhategoisticissue:

«Eachmanhasinhimselfhisbestfriend,and,asaconsequence,shouldlovehimselfaboveeverything».Aristotle’sfriendshipwasalsorestraint:

itdidn’tincludeunknownpeople,foreignersorwomen,whoheconsidered«limitedbynature».

Wecan,ofcourse,understand,ortrytounderstand,Aristotle.Wemustconsidertheperiod,anditspreconceivedopinions.Andacceptthatfriendship,initsmostcurrentandbroadsensecanberatherdifferentfromloveorbrotherhood.

Notwithstanding,justafewdozenyearsafterAristotle,Epicurusestablisheddifferentandmuchmoreadvancedconceptsoffriendship.Epicurusinscribedfriendshipinaphilosophyoflifewherecomplicity,solidarity,sympathyorsharedpleasurewereimportantelements.

Epicurus’sfriendshipismuchclosertothemodernconceptoffriendship,andwaswidelypractisedforcenturiesbythemanyepicuristcommunitiesspreadthroughouttheRomanempire,withouttheexclusionsconceivedbyAristotle.

Aswitheverythingthatishuman,friendshipcontainsourambivalence,ou