综合教程3 Unit15 课后习题答案.docx

综合教程3 Unit15 课后习题答案.docx

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综合教程3Unit15课后习题答案

Unit15

Textcomprehension

I.Decidewhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauther’stonethroughoutthepassage.

A.Asthetextistakenfromacoursebookinpsychology,theauthorissupposedtoaboptaveryobjectiveandscientifictoneforthesakeofreliabilityandauthority.Andheactuallydoessobycitingnumerousresearchesthroughoutthetextandmakingtentativeassertions.

II.Judge.accordingtothetext,whetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.

1.F.Moneyhasaweakcorrelationwiththesubjectivefeelingofhappineessbecauseeventherichandaffluentmayoftenbetroubledbyalackofmoneygiventheageof“voraciousconsumption”weliveintoday.

2.T.Intelligenceandeducationalachievementhavelittletodowithone’sactualfeelingofhappinessaccordingtothestudiescitedinParagraph7.

3.T.Thoughgoodhealthseemstobeanessentialfactorofhappiness,peopletendtotakeitforgrantediftheyenjoygoodhealth.Healthmeansmoretothosethatareplaguedbyserious,disablinghealthconditions.

4.F.Thoughmaritalstatusis,perhaps,themostimportantcorrelateofhappiness,researcherscannotdecidewhetherthereisanycausalrelationshipbetweenthem,i.e.,whetheritisgoodmarriagethatbringshappinessorviceversa.

III.Answerthefollowingquestions.

1.Accordingtothedefinitionsofindividualismandcollectivism,ChinaisacollectivesolcietybecauseinatraditionalChinesesociety,groupgoalsareputaheadofpersonalgoalsandone’sidentityisdefinedaccordingtothegrouponebelongsto.Akeydeterminantofhappinessinsuchasocietyisrelatinshipharmonyforonedependsonthetheothermembersofthegroupsfortheformationofhisidentitiesandtherecognitionofhisvalues.Relationshipharmonyplaysalessimportantroleforpeoplelivinginindividualisticsociety.

2.Tereisastrongcorrelationbetweenworkandhappiness（workisthemostimportantdeterminantofhappinessnexttoloveandmarriage）,Butscientistscannotdecidewhetheritisworkthatbringshappinessorhappypeuoletendtoworkwell.Onethingforsureistheyhaveamutualeffectoneachother.

3.Happinessdoesnotdependasmuchonextemalcircumstancesasonone’sinterpretationoftheexternalcircumstances.Inconclusion,theauthorremindsusofthefactthatthedeterminantsofhappinessaresubjectiveandobjectiverealitiesarenotasimportantassubjectivefeelings.That’swhytheextemalcircumstancesareconsideredlessimpolrtantthanourinterpretationoftheextemalcircumstancesinourfeelingofhappiness.

4.Openfordiscussion.

IV.Explaininyourownwordsthefollowingsentencestakenformthetext.

1.Itishardtofindoutwhetherjobsatisfactioncauseshappinessorhappinessleadstojobsatisfaction,butitissuggestedthateitherofthemhasaneffectontheother.

2.Nothing,suchasmisfortune,weakness,difficulty,orinsufficiencu,canmakeitimpolssibleforapersontoachievehappinessunlesshesuffershesuffersfromafataldisease.

Structuralanalysisofthetext

Thewriterorganizesthefindingsinalogicalorder,accordingtothedegreeofimportance.Hestartswiththosefactorshtathavelittleimpactonhappiness,goesonwiththosethataremoderatelyimportantandeadswiththoseveryimportantfactors.

Rhetoricalfeaturesofthetext

Wecanfindtwosources,namely,（Myers&Diener,1995）and（Dieneretal.,1993）inPargraph3andanothertwosourcesinParagraph4,whichare（Inglehart,1990;Myers&Diener,1997）.

Vocabularyexercises

I.Explaintheunderlinedpartineachsentenceinyourownwords.

1.pickingout…asanimporantpart

thedegreeofapositiveandpleasantmood

2.spendingspreeage

meetwithaninsufficiencyofincomes

3.changebysoftdegrees

moreimportant

4.Considering/Taking…intoaccount

5.helpingthemjudgeorconsidereventualdeathinawiseandreasonableway

6.exceptfor

II.Fillintheblankineachsentencewithawordtakenfromtheboxintheproperform.

1.hassle2.conjecture3.empirical4.hypotheses

5.attributed6.gleaned7.negligible8.stereotypes

III.Fillintheblandineachsentencewithanappropriatephrasalverbolrcollocationtakenfromthetext.

1.balanceout2.sortingout3.accountfor

4.adaptto5.turnout6.contributeto

IV.Fillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsofthegivenwords.

1.admittance/admission2.inconsistency3.accountable

4.trumphantly5.affluence6.instability

V.Explaintheunderlinedphrasalverbsinyourownwords.

1.endure2.ervealyourrealmentalstate3.mentioned

4.respected5.accept6.talkannoyinglyabout

Grammarexercises

I.Notetheuseoftheitalicizedpartsinthefolllolwingsentences.

Thenegativeformof“as…as”is“notas…as”or“notso…as,”But“so”maynotbeused

（1）afterthecomtractedformsuchas“isn’t,”“don’t,”

（2）whenthereareotherlexicalitemsinbetweenthenegativewordand“as…as”construction.E.g.:

SuedoesnotactasquicklyasSue.However,whenadverbswithnegativemeaningsareuseddirectlybeforethecomparativeconstruction,”so”isusuallyacceptable.

II.Turnthefollowingintothenegative.

1.     Ihaveneverseenanyoneas/sohappyasMary.

2.     Johonisn’tastallashisfather./Johninnotas/sotallashisfather.

3.     Michaeldoesnotswimaswellaspaul.

4.     Michaeldoesnotswimnearlyas/sowellasPaul.

5.     Thereisnothingquiteas/sosatisfyingasundergoingadifficultprocessandafterlinghardworekdiscoveringthetruenatureofthatprocess.

6.     Heisnotas/sowiseasheiswitty.

III.Completethefollowingsentenceswiththeappropriateverbforms.

1.flows2.areunfounded3.were4.get

5.come6.be7.make8.invest

IV.Completethefollowingsentenceswiththeappropriateverbforms.

1.shake2.todo,（to）wait,tolet3.standing4.finding

5.take,make,drink6.leave7.beingspoken8.be,look

V.Makesentencesofyourownafterthesentencesgivenbelow,keepingtheunderlinedpartsinyoursentences.

1.Giventhataprospectivestudentisbombardedbyprospectuses,selectingasutitalecourseisnoteasy.

Giventheopportunityhemightwellhavebecomeanoutstandingcartoonist.

2.Heprovestobeveryproductivewhengiventhechance.

Metalsexpandwhenheatedandcontractwhencooled.

Translationexercises

I.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsorphrasesgiveninthebrackets.

1.ThespeechmadebyprfessorZhanghighightedtheimportanceofthesolidfoundationinlearningEnglish.

2.Itisbelievedthatthereisacorrelationbetweensmokingandlungcancer.

3.Admittedly,hehascourageandstaminawhichwelack.

4.Weshouldtrytoseethingsintheirtrueperspective.

5.Itrusthim,becausewhathesaysisalwaysconsistentwithwhathedoes.

6.Bothofthemareinperfectharmonydespitethegreatdisparityinage.

7.Everyonehastherighttohappinessregardlessoftheirage,sex,orcolor.

8.RelativetothecityofNewYork,thetownontheseaisverysmall.

II.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

关于幸福，人们有着不同的观点。

有些因素，人们或许会认为有影响力，实际上与幸福没有很大的关系，这些因素中最为常见的是金钱、年龄和性别。

但是，有些因素则有点重要，它们包括健康和社会活动。

健康的身体可能是幸福的一个必备条件，然而，许多人尽管身染疾病，仍然没法过着幸福的生活。

因为人是社会动物，所以他们的友谊网络有助于他们的幸福。

文章作者认为，幸福的最重要的因素是爱、工作和性格。

大部分人同意，没有爱的生活是痛苦的。

工作中获得成功是幸福的主要源泉之一。

说来奇怪，有些人似乎命里注定是幸福的，而另一些人则命里注定是不幸福的，这和一个人的性格很有关系。

Exercisesforintegratedskills

I.Dictation.

Throughouthistoryhumanbeingshavesoughttoimprovetheirextemalsituation./yetdespiteallouroffortswearenohappier./Itistruethatfromthepointofviewofmaterialdevelopment/manycountriesaremakingprogress./Technologyisbecomingmoreandmoresophisticated,/andworldlyknowledgehasincreaseddramatically./Superficiallyitlooksasifourworldisimproving,/butifwelookalittlemoredeeply/weshallseethattherearenowmanyproblemsthatneverexistedbefore./Trrifyingweapponshavebeeninvented./ourenvironmentisbeingpoisoned,/andnewdiseasesareappearing./Theresultsoftheunbridledpursuitofhappinessfromextemalsourcesremindus/thatitistimewesoughthappinessfromadifferentsource.

II.FillineachblankinthepassagebelowwithONEwordyouthinkappropriate.

1.as2.state3.polls4.consider5.feels

6.contribute7.whether8.out9.for10.in

11.cope12.than13.alone14.correlation15.other

Listeningexercises

TRANSCRIPT

ThePerfectSociety

Presenter:

Isupposeeveryonewishestheworldcouldbeaperfectplace,whereeveryonelivesinhappyharmony.Well,we’regoingtohearaboutthreevisionsoftheperfectsociety.GoingbacktoAncientGreecefirst,Platowasbornin427BCandhecalledhisimaginaryperfectsociety“TheRepublic.”Er…Philippa…

Philippa:

Now,Plato’sRepubichasonlygot5,040citizens.ThepoliticalleadersoftheRepublicaercalled“guardians.”Now,childreninPlato’sRepublicgotoschooluntilthey’retwentyyearsoldandthentheydotests.Theoneswhofailthesetestsbecomebusinessmen,workers,farmers,andthey’recapitalistswhoarepermittedtoownpropertyandtousemoney.Theoneswhopassthetestsdoanothertenyearsofeducationandthentheydomoretests,andtheoneswhofailthesethesetestsbecomesoldiersandtheyliveinasocictywheretherownnopropeertyandtheydon’thaveanymoney,theyshareeverything,Theoneswhopassthesefurthertestsgoontostudyphilosophyforanotherfiveyears,andthentheylivepracticallivesintheworld…intherealworldforanotherfifteenyearsandthenwhenthey’re50,theybecome“guardians,”thepoliticalleaders.Andtheironlypossessionisfactpower.