阅读理解专题系列.docx

阅读理解专题系列.docx

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阅读理解专题系列

2009~2013年高考真题备选题库

阅读理解专题系列

专题一　细节理解

（2013·课标Ⅰ，D）

TheNationalGallery

Description：

TheNationalGalleryistheBritishnationalartmuseumbuiltonthenorthsideofTrafalgarSquareinLondon.Ithousesadiversecollectionofmorethan2,300examplesofEuropeanartrangingfrom13thcenturyreligiouspaintingstomoremodernonesbyRenoirandVanGogh.TheoldercollectionsofthegalleryarereachedthroughthemainentrancewhilethemoremodernworksintheEastWingaremosteasilyreachedfromTrafalgarSquarebyagroundfloorentrance.

Layout：

ThemodernSainsburyWingonthewesternsideofthebuildinghouses13thto15thcenturypaintings,andartistsincludeDuccio,Uccello,VanEyck,Lippi,Mantegna,BotticelliandMemling.

ThemainWestWinghouses16thcenturypaintings,andartistsincludeLeonardodaVinci,Cranach,Michelangelo,Raphael,Bruegel,Bronzino,TitianandVeronese.

TheNorthWinghouses17thcenturypaintings,andartistsincludeCaravaggio,Rubens,Poussin,VanDyck,Velázquez,ClaudeandVermeer.

TheEastWinghouses18thtoearly20thcenturypaintings,andartistsincludeCanaletto,Goya,Turner,Constable,RenoirandVanGogh.

OpeningHours：

TheGalleryisopeneverydayfrom10amto6pm（Fridays10amto9pm）andisfree,butchargesapplytosomespecialexhibitions.

GettingThere：

Nearestundergroundstations:

CharingCross（2minutewalk）,LeicesterSquare（3minutewalk），Embankment（7minutewalk），andPiccadillyCircus（8minutewalk）．

语篇解读：

本文是英国国家美术馆（TheNationalGallery）的参观指南，主要介绍了它的藏品、布局、开放时间及周边的交通状况。

68．Inwhichcentury'scollectioncanyouseereligiouspaintings?

A．The13th.　　　　　B．The17th.

C．The18th.D．The20th.

解析：

选A　细节理解题。

根据Description部分中的第二句“Ithousesadiversecollectionofmorethan2,300examplesofEuropeanartrangingfrom13thcenturyreligiouspaintings”可知，在13世纪的藏品中含有宗教绘画作品。

69．WhereareLeonardodaVinci'sworksshown?

A．IntheEastWing.B．InthemainWestWing.

C．IntheSainsburyWing.D．IntheNorthWing.

解析：

选B　细节理解题。

根据Layout部分中的第二段内容可知，LeonardodaVinci的作品在“themainWestWing”展出。

70．WhichundergroundstationisclosesttotheNationalGallery?

A．PiccadillyCircus.B．LeicesterSquare.

C．Embankment.D．CharingCross.

解析：

选D　细节理解题。

根据GettingThere部分中提供的信息可知，从CharingGross至英国国家美术馆走路只需两分钟，因此这个地铁站距离英国国家美术馆最近。

（2013·课标Ⅱ，D）

LowCostGiftsforMother'sDay

GiftNo.1

Offertobeyourmother'shealthfriend.Promisetobethereforanyandalldoctor'svisitswhetheradiseaseoraregularmedicalcheckup.Mostmothersalwayssay“noneed，”butanothersetofeyesandearsisalwaysagoodideaatadoctor'svisit.Thebestpart?

Thisoneisfree.

GiftNo.2

Helpyourmotherorganizeallofhermedicalrecords,whichincludethetestresultsandmedicalinformation.Putthemallinoneplace.Besuretomakealistofallofhermedicinesandwhattimesshetakesthem.“Havingallthisinformationinoneplacecouldendupsavingyourmother'slife，”Dr.MarieSavardsaid.

GiftNo.3

Enoughsleepisconnectedtogeneralhealthconditions.“Buyyourmothercottonsheetsandcomfortablepillowstoencouragebettersleep，”Savardsaid.“Weknowthatgoodsleepisveryimportanttoourhealth.”

GiftNo.4

SomegiftcompaniessuchasPresentsforPurposeallowyoutopayitforwardthisMother'sDaybypickinggiftsinwhich10percentofthepriceyoupaygoestoacharity（慈善机构）.Giftgiverscanchoosefromawidevarietyofusefulbutinexpensivethings—manyofwhichare“green”—andthenchooseameaningfulcharityfromalist.Whenyourmothergetsthegift,shewillbetoldthatshehashelpedthechosencharity.

68．Whatareyouadvisedtodoforyourmotheratdoctor'svisits?

A．Takenotes.B．Bewithher.

C．Buymedicine.D．Givehergifts.

解析：

选B　细节理解题。

由GiftNO.1中的第二句话“Promisetobethereforanyandalldoctor'svisitswhetheradiseaseoraregularmedicalcheckup.”可知，此处建议读者在医生来访时要陪伴母亲。

69．Whatcanbeagiftoforganizationforyourmother?

A．Keepinghermedicalinformationtogether.

B．Buyingallgiftsforherfromonecompany.

C．Makingalistofhermedicalcheckups.

D．Storinghermedicinesinasafeplace.

解析：

选A　细节理解题。

根据GiftNO.2的内容可知答案为A项。

70．Wherecanyoufindagiftideatoimproveyourmother'ssleep?

A．InGiftNo.1.B．InGiftNo.2.

C．InGiftNo.3.D．InGiftNo.4.

解析：

选C　细节理解题。

由GiftNO.3中的内容可知本题选C。

71．BuyinggiftsfromPresentsforPurposeallowsmothersto________.

A．enjoygoodsleepB．bewellorganized

C．getextrasupportD．giveothershelp

解析：

选D　细节理解题。

由GiftNO.4中的最后一句可知本题选D。

（2013·北京，D）

Multitasking

Peoplewhomultitaskallthetimemaybetheworstatdoingtwothingsatonce,anewresearchsuggests.Thefindings,basedonperformancesandselfevaluationsbyabout275collegestudents,indicatethatmanypeoplemultitasknotoutofadesiretoincreaseproductivity,butbecausetheyareeasilydistracted（分心）andcan'tfocusononeactivity.And“thosepeopleturnouttobetheworstathandlingdifferentthings，”saidDavidSanbonmatsu,apsychologistattheUniversityofUtah.

Sanbonmatsuandhiscolleaguesgavethestudentsasetoftestsandaskedthemtoreporthowoftentheymultitasked,howgoodtheythoughttheywereatit,andhowsensationseeking（寻求刺激）orimpulstive（冲动）theywere.Theythenevaluatedtheparticipants'multitaskingabilitywithatrickymentaltaskthatrequiredthestudentstodosimplemathematicalcalculationswhilerememberingasetofletters.

Notsurprisingly,thescientistssaid,mostpeoplethoughttheywerebetterthanaverageatmultitasking,andthosewhothoughttheywerebetteratitweremorelikelytoreportusingacellphonewhiledrivingorviewingmultiplekindsofmediaatonce.Butthosewhofrequentlydealwithmanythingsatthesametimewerefoundtoperformtheworstattheactualmultitaskingtest.Theyalsoweremorelikelytoadmittosensationseekingandimpulsivebehavior,whichconnectswithhoweasilypeoplegetboredanddistracted.

“Peoplemultitasknotbecauseit'sgoingtoleadtogreaterproductivity,butbecausethey'redistractible,andtheygetsuckedintothingsthatarenotasimportant.”Sanbonmatsusaid.

AdamGazzaley,aresearcherattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,whowasnotamemberoftheresearchgroup,saidonelimitationofthestudywasthatitcouldn'tfindoutwhetherpeoplewhostartoutlessfocusedtendtowardmultitaskingorwhetherpeople'srecognizingandunderstandingabilitieschangeasaresultofmultitasking.

Thefindingsdosuggest,however,whythesensationseekerswhomultitaskthemostmayenjoyriskydistracteddriving.“Peoplewhoaremultitaskingaregenerallylesssensitivetoriskysituations，”saidPaulAtchley,anotherresearchernotinthegroup.“Thismaypartlyexplainwhypeoplegoinforthesesituationseventhoughthey'redangerous.”

语篇解读：

本文为一篇科普文，介绍了Sanbonmatsu与他的同事们的一项研究结果：

同时做很多事情的人往往会有最糟糕的结果，这是因为这些人做事情不专心，他们不能对潜在的危险作出迅速的反应。

67．TheresearchledbySanbonmatsuindicatesthatpeoplewhomultitask________.

A．seekhighproductivityconstantly

B．preferhandlingdifferentthingswhengettingbored

C．aremorefocusedwhendoingmanythingsatatime

D．havethepoorestresultsindoingvariousthingsatthesametime

解析：

选D　细节理解题。

根据第一段第一句内容可知，由Sanbonmatsu的研究表明同时做很多事情的人往往会有最差的结果。

此外，第三段第二句的内容也是提示。

68．WhenSanbonmatsuandhiscolleaguesconductedtheirresearch,they________.

A．assessedthemultitaskingabilityofthestudents

B．evaluatedtheacademicachievementsofthestudents

C．analyzedtheeffectsoftheparticipants'trickymentaltasks

D．measuredthechangesofthestudents'understanding

ability

解析：

选A　细节理解题。

根据第二段第二句的内容可知，他和同事在进行研究时，评估了学生的多任务处理能力。

69．AccordingtoSanbonmatsu,peoplemultitaskbecauseoftheir________.

A．limitedpowerincalculation

B．interestsindoingthingsdifferently

C．inabilitytoconcentrateononetask

D．impulsivedesiretotrynewthings

解析：

选C　细节理解题。

根据第一段后半部分中的“butbecausetheyareeasilydistracted（分心）andcan'tfocusononeactivity”可知，人们进行多项任务的原因是他们不具备专注于一项任务的能力。

此外，倒数第三段的内容也是提示。

70．Fromthelastparagraph,wecanlearnthatmultitaskersusually________.

A．driveveryskillfully

B．goinfordifficulttasks

C．failtoreactquicklytopotentialdangers

D．refusetoexplainthereasonsfortheirbehavior

解析：

选C　推理判断题。

根据最后一段中的“Peoplewhoaremultitaskingaregenerallylesssensitivetoriskysituations”可知，喜欢同时进行多项任务的人一般对危险情况不太敏感，由此可推断他们通常不能对潜在的危险做出快速的反应。

（2013·浙江，B）

Belowisaselectionfromapopularsciencebook.

Ifbloodisred,whyareveins（静脉）blue?

Actually,veinsarenotblueatall.Theyaremoreofaclear.yellowishcolour,Althoughbloodlooksredwhenit'soutsidethebody,whenit'ssittinginaveinnearthesurfaceoftheskin,it'smoreofadarkreddishpurplecolour.Attherightdepth,thesebloodfilledveinsreflectlessredlightthanthesurroundingskin,makingthemlookbluebycomparison.

Whichworksharder,yourheartoryourbrain?

Thatkindofdependsonwhetheryou'rebusythinkingorbusyexercising.Yourheartworksuptothreetimesharderduringexercise,andshiftsenoughbloodoveralifetimetofillasupertanker.But,inthelongrun,yourbrainprobablytipsit,becauseevenwhenyou'resittingstillyourbrainisusingtwiceasmuchenergyasyourheart,andittakesfourtofivetimesasmuchbloodtofeedit.

Whydoteethfallout,andwhydon'ttheygrowbackingrownups?

Baby（or“milk”）teethdonotlastlong;theyfallouttomakeroomforbigger,strongeradultteethlateron.Adultteethfalloutwhentheybecomedamaged,decayedandinfectedbybacteria.Oncethissecondsetofteethhasgrownin,you'redone.Whenthey'regone,they'regone.Thisisbecausenaturefiguresyou'resetforlife,andwhatcontrolsregrowthofyourteethswitchesoff.

Dooldpeopleshrinkastheyage?

Yesandno.Manypeopledogetshorterastheyage.But,whentheyd