英语中考英语初中英语英语阅读理解汇编常见题型及答题技巧及练习题含答案.docx
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英语中考英语初中英语英语阅读理解汇编常见题型及答题技巧及练习题含答案
(英语)中考英语初中英语英语阅读理解汇编常见题型及答题技巧及练习题(含答案)
一、中考英语阅读理解汇编
1.阅读理解
Stonehengemeans"hangingstones".Theystoodinacircle,with30morestoneslyingontoptoformaringofrocks.Therewasalsoaninnercirclebuiltwithsimilarstones.Thestonessetupinatrilithon(巨石牌坊)pattern.
Atrilithonismadeoftwostonepillarswithastabofrocklaidacrossthetop.Thestonesweighupto20tonseach.Peoplewonderhowthehugerockswereplacedthatway.
HistoriansagreethatStonehengewasbuiltinthreedifferentstages.Thefirststagetookplaceabout5,000yearsago.Atthattime,alargecircularearthwallwasmade.Historiansbelievethewallwasdugandcutwithtoolsmadeformanglers(鹿角)ofreddeer.Theearthwallwasabout98mindiameter(直径)a5-meter-tallstonewasplacednearthecenter.Then,theyhadtotransportthelargebluestones(upto4tons)384kilometerstoStonehenge.Expertsthinktheymightbemovedacrossiceandsnow.Thegroundinwinterinthisareaisusuallyfulloficeandsnow,makingiteasiertomovetherocks.Thenexttaskwastostandthestonesup.Themostdifficulttaskwasputtingthetopstonesinplace.Eachoneofthesetaskstookalotofplanningandalotofstrength,buttheworkersofStonehengewereexcellentbuilders.
Whywasthemonumentbuilt?
Somescientiststhinkit'saburialground.Thereareover400graves(burialsits)nearby.AmanwasburiedwithtwogoldearringswhicharetheoldestgoldeverfoundinBritain(datedto2470BC).OthersthinkStonehengewasbuiltbyearlyastronomers.Scientistsbelievethatwhenapersonstandsinthecenterofthemonument,thechangingofseasonscanbeseen.Certainstonesmarkthelocationoftherisingandsettingmooninmidwinter.Otherstonesmarktherisingandsettingsuninmidsummer.Theancientpeopleheldreligiousceremoniesonthesedays.Theseceremoniesprobablyaskedthegodstobringgoodweatherforcropsandtoprotectthepeoplefrombadweather.
Stonehengeisanengineeringsuccess.Thousandsofyearslater,itstillstands.Asacalendar,Stonehengeisveryaccurate.Itshowsthatearlypeoplehadadeepunderstandingofthemovementstothesunandthemoon.Theydidn'thavemachinesorcomputers,butStonehengeshowspeoplecoulddomanythingsusingonlytheirmusclesandtheirbrains.
(1)hefirstbuildingstageofStonehengewas________.
A. todigandcuttheearthwall
B. tomovethebluestonesacrosstheice
C. tostandthestonesup
D. toputthetopstonesinplace
(2)Whichevidence(证据)isgiventosupporttheideathatStonehengewasaburialground?
A. Stonehengewasmadeofstones.
B. Itisaplaceforcelebratingceremonies.
C. Thepassingofseasonscanbeseenthere.
D. Twogoldearringswerefoundinagrave.
(3)Theunderlinedword"accurate"inthelastparagraphprobablymeans"________".
A. correct
B. strange
C. huge
D. heavy
(4)StonehengewasprobablyNOToriginallybuiltfor________.
A. tourists
B. religiousreasons
C. aburialground
D. tellingtheseasons
【答案】
(1)A
(2)D
(3)A
(4)A
【解析】【分析】文章大意:
主要介绍了巨石阵的形状,发展以及历史意义。
(1)细节理解题。
根据文中语句Thefirststagetookplaceabout5,000yearsago.Atthattime,alargecircularearthwallwasmade.Historiansbelievethewallwasdugandcutwithtoolsmadeformanglers(鹿角)ofreddeer. 提示可知,巨石阵的第一个阶段是造图墙,故选A。
(2)细节理解题。
根据文中语句Somescientiststhinkit'saburialground.Thereareover400graves(burialsits)nearby.AmanwasburiedwithtwogoldearringswhicharetheoldestgoldeverfoundinBritain提示可知,有人认为这是一个墓地。
附近有400多座坟墓。
一名男子被埋时带着两个金耳环,这是英国有史以来发现的最古老的黄金。
故选D。
(3)词义理解推测题。
根据文中语句Asacalendar,Stonehengeisveryaccurate.提示可知,accurate的含义是正确的,故选A。
(4)理解归纳题。
通读全文语句可知,建立巨石阵的原因有宗教,历法以及墓地等方面的原因,但是与旅游没有很多的联系,故选A。
【点评】考查阅读理解。
本文主要考查细节理解题,首先仔细阅读文后的问题,弄清问题的大意;然后带着问题阅读短文,抓住关键信息,选择正确答案。
2.阅读理解
Likeyou,plantsneedgoodthingslikefood,water,andmineralsinordertogrow.Usuallytheygettheseimportantnutrients(营养)fromtherichsoil(土壤)inwhichthey'replanted.Butthere'sanotherwaytogrowplantsthatdoesn'tusesoil.It'scalledhydrogenicgardening.
"Hydrogenic"means"workingwithwater."Inahydrogenicgarden,plantsgrowwiththeirrootsinwater,notindirt.Thewaterisfilledwithspecialfoodfortheplantsthatgardenershavecarefullymeasuredandprepared.
Hydrogenicplantsgrowquickly.Inordinarygardens,plantsneedtimeandenergytogrowlongrootsthatsearchthesoilforfoodandwater.Inahydrogenicgarden,plantscanusetheirenergytogrowtallinstead.Andbecausethereisnosoil,therearenoweedsandfewinsectpests(害虫).Gardenersdon'tneedtospray(喷洒)plantswithdangerouschemicals.Boththeplantsandtheenvironmentstayhealthy.
Scientistshopethat,oneday,hydrogenicgardensmaybeabletohelphungrypeopleallovertheworldgrowenoughfood-evenincountriesthathavebadsoil,orweatherthatistoohot,toocold,ortoodry.AndastronautshopetotakehydrogenicgardenswiththemtothespaceshiptheyflytoMars,sothattheywillalwayshavefreshvegetables,andthefunofgrowingagardenwithoutdirt.
(1)What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword"dirt"inthesecondparagraph?
A. soil
B. water
C. insect
D. food
(2)WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEaccordingtothepassage?
A. Plantsneedwaterandothernutrientstogrow.
B. Therearenoweedsinhydrogenicgardens.
C. Hydrogenicplantscannotgrowintoohotweather.
D. Astronautshopetotakehydrogenicgardenstospace.
(3)What'sthepassageabout?
A. Plantgrowing.
B. Spacefarming.
C. Scientificwatering.
D. hydrogenicgardening.
【答案】
(1)A
(2)C
(3)D
【解析】【分析】本文介绍了氢化园艺。
(1)词义猜测题。
根据Inahydrogenicgarden,plantsgrowwiththeirrootsinwater在氢化花园中,植物的根在水中生长,通常植物生长在土里,故可知dirt是soil土壤的意思,故选A。
(2)细节题。
根据hydrogenicgardensmaybeabletohelphungrypeopleallovertheworldgrowenoughfood-evenincountriesthathavebadsoil,orweatherthatistoohot,toocold,ortoodry. 氢化花园也许能帮助全世界饥饿的人种植足够的食物——即使是在土壤不好、天气太热、太冷或太干燥的国家,可知氢化植物不能在太热的天气里生长是错的,故选C。
(3)主旨题。
根据全文描述可知本文介绍了氢化园艺,故选D。
【点评】考查阅读理解。
本文涉及细节题、推断题,和主旨题,细节题要注意从文中寻找答案;推断题需要联系上下文,推断出需要的信息,词义猜测题需要根据上下文提炼相关信息锁定词意。
3.阅读理解
Inourdailylife,robotsareoftenfoundtodoworkthatistoodangerous,boring,difficult,ordirty.Andweoftenseekidsplaywithtoyrobots.
Butwhatexactlyisarobot?
Therearesomeimportantcharacteristics(特征)thatarobotmusthave.Thesecharacteristicsmighthelpyoutodecidewhatisandwhatisnotarobot.Itwillalsohelpyoutodecidewhatyouwillneedtobuildintoamachinebeforeitcanbeconsideredasarobot.Arobothastheseimportantcharacteristics.
SensingFirstofall,yourrobotwouldhavetobeabletosensetheenvironmentaroundit.
Giveyourrobotsensors(传感器):
lightsensors(eyes),touchsensors(hands),chemicalsensors(nose),hearingsensors(ears)andtastesensors(tongue).
MovementArobotneedstobeabletomovearounditsenvironment. Itcanmoveonwheels,walkonlegsorbedrivenbysmallengines(发动机).Arobotcanmoveeitherthewholebodyorjustpartsofit.
EnergyArobotneedstobeabletopoweritself. Somerobotsmightpoweritselfwithsunlight,somemightwithelectricity,whileotherswiththebattery(电池).Thewayyourrobotgetsitsenergywilldependonwhatyourrobotneedstodo.
IntelligenceArobotneedssomekindof"smarts".Aprogrammeristhepersonwhogivestherobotits"smarts".Therobotwillhavetohaveacertainwaytoreceivetheprogramsothatitknowswhatitistodo.
(1)Theunderlinedword"it"inParagraph2isabout____.
A. thetoy B. thecharacteristic C. themachine D. theengine
(2)Thechemicalsensorsmayhelparobotto____.
A. See B. catch C. hear D. smell
(3)Inhowmanywayscanarobotpoweritselfaccordingtothepassage?
A. Two.
B. Three.
C. Four.
D. Five.
(4)TheChinesemeaningof"Intelligence"inthelastparagraphis____.
A. 能源 B. 勤奋 C. 智能 D. 外观
(5)Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?
A. Tohelppeopleunderstandwhatarobotis.
B. Totellwhatarobotcandoinourlife.
C. Todescribethemovementofarobot.
D. Tointroducethehistoryofrobots.
【答案】
(1)C
(2)D
(3)B
(4)C
(5)A
【解析】【分析】文章大意:
机器人及智慧机器人的外貌及工作原理。
(1)理解推断题。
A玩具,B人物,C机器,D引擎;根据文中的语句Itwillalsohelpyoutodecidewhatyouwillneedtobuildintoamachinebeforeitcanbeconsideredasarobot.
它还将帮助你决定在机器上安装什么,然后才能被认为是机器人,可知在最终安装零件之前,机器还只是单纯的机器,而不是机器人,因此it指代的是machine,机器,故选C。
(2)细节理解题。
A看(眼睛),B抓(手),C听(耳朵),D闻(鼻子),根据文中的语句chemicalsensors(nose),可知chemicalsensors相当于鼻子,即机器人的嗅觉,smell,故选D。
(3)理解归纳题。
根据文中的语句 Somerobotsmightpoweritselfwithsunlight,somemightwithelectricity,whileotherswiththebattery(电池).理解可知,一个机器人能以三种方式为自己提供动力。
故选B。
(4)词义推断题。
根据文中的语句 Arobotneedssomekindof"smarts".机器人需要某种智慧,intelligence的含义就是智力,故选C。
(5)理解归纳题。
通读全文可知,此文主要介绍了什么是机器人以及机器人的特征,故选A。
【点评】考查阅读理解。
本文考查细节题,词义推断题,推理判断题和主旨题等常考题型,细节题要注意从文中抓住关键词寻找答案;主旨题,词义推断题以及判断题都需要通读全文,了解大意之后找出正确选项。
4.阅读理解
Inabout1503,duringChristopherColumbus'sfourthandfinaltriptoAmerica,hisshipwasseriouslydamagedinastorm.Columbusand