考研英语阅读理解标准90篇+提高30篇unit20.docx

考研英语阅读理解标准90篇+提高30篇unit20.docx

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考研英语阅读理解标准90篇+提高30篇unit20

Unit20

Careanddiligencebringluck.

谨慎和勤奋才能抓住机遇。

学习内容

题材

词数

建议时间

得分统计

做题备忘

PartA

Text1

科普知识

380

/10

Text2

商业经济

425

/10

Text3

社会生活

475

/10

Text4

文化教育

457

/10

PartB

商业经济

713

/10

PartC

科普知识

415

/10

PartA

Directions：

Readthefollowingtexts.Answerthequestionsbloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].

Text1

Withadvancingage,ourbodiesexperienceaninevitablelossofbone.Twomajorstudiesinelderlypopulationsnowunderscoretheimportanceofdietaryproteininthisstructuralerosion,whichcanleadtoosteoporosis.Thereportscometosharplydifferentconclusion,however,abouttheeffectofanimalproteinontherateofboneloss.

Inonestudy,dietsrichinanimalproteincorrelatedwithgreaterbonelossandfracturerisk.Intheother,animalproteinappearedtoprotectbone.

Suchcontradictions,“whicharenotverysatisfying”,oftenemergefromobservationalstudieswhereresearchersrecordthenaturalhabitsandhealthofpeople,notesRobertP.HeaneyofCreightonUniversityMedicalCenterinOmaha,Neb.“That’snotacriticismofsuchstudies,”hesays,“justareminderoftheuncontrollablevariablescommoninpopulations.”

However,henotes,thenewstudiesareimportantbecausethey’reinthevanguardofeffortstounderstandprotein’simpactonage-relatedboneloss.ThisconditionunderliesagrowingU.S.epidemicofhipfractures.Treatingthemcostsmorethan$10billionannually.

Thefirstofthenewanalysescomputedbonelossover7yearsinsome750elderlywomen,alltakingpartinalargerosteoporosisstudythat’sbeenrunningsince1986atfourU.S.sites.

Womeneatingthemostanimalprotein—roughlyfourtimestheirvegetableproteinintake—lost0.8percentoftheboneintheirhipsannually,notesendocrinologistDeborahE.Sellmeyer,directoroftheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco-MountZionOsteoporosisCenter.Thisisfourtimestherateofbonelossinparticipantswhoateaboutequalpartsanimalandvegetableprotein.

Theriskofhipfracturesinwomeneatingthehighestproportionofanimalproteinwas3.7timesthatinwomenregularlydowningequalquantitiesofanimalandvegetableprotein,theteamreportsintheJanuaryAmericaJournalofClinicalNutrition.

Thefindingsmakesense,Sellmeyerargues,becausedigestionofanimalproteinreleaseslargeamountsofacidthatthekidneysmustexcrete.Previousstudiesshowedthatwhenkidneyfunctiondecreaseswithageandcalciumintakedrops,thebodydrawsuponskeletalcalciumtobuffertheresultingbuildupofacid,thuserodingbone.Mostofthewomeninthisstudyconsumedonlyabouthalfofthe1,500milligramsofdailycalciumrecommendedforpeopletheirage.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutobservationalstudiesistrue?

[A]Theyoftenleadtocontradictiveconclusions.

[B]Theyremindpeopleoftheuncontrollablevariablesinlife.

[C]Theyareoftencriticizedbyresearchers.

[D]Researchersrecordthenaturalhabitsandhealthofpeoplebythem.

2.AccordingtoHeaney,whyarethetwostudiesimportant?

[A]BecausetheyreducethenumberofU.S.epidemicofhipfractures.

[B]Becausetheyarethefirsttostudyprotein’seffectonbonelossofelders.

[C]Becausetheycostmorethan$10billionannually.

[D]Becausetheyshowobservationalstudiescanleadtocontradictiveconclusion.

3.Accordingtothetext,thefirststudyshows

[A]elderlywomentakeinmoreanimalproteinthanvegetableprotein.

[B]digestionofanimalproteinreleasesmoreacidthanthatofvegetableprotein.

[C]dietsrichinanimalproteinwillleadtogreaterbonelossandfracturerisk.

[D]therearemanyuncontrollablevariablesinpopulations.

4.Accordingtopreviousstudies,whichofthefollowingistrue?

[A]Theamountofacidreleasedbydigestionofanimalproteinincreasesaspeopleage.

[B]Mostelderlywomencanonlytakeinabouthalfoftherequiredamountofcalcium.

[C]Aspeopleage,thekidneyfunctionandcalciumintakeincrease.

[D]Theskeletalcalciumwilldecreaseifpeoplecan’ttakeinenoughcalcium.

5.Theauthormaygoontotalkabout

[A]thesuitableamountofanimalproteinforelderlypeopletotake.

[B]howtoimprovetheintakeofcalcium.

[C]thereportofthesecondnewanalysis.

[D]thesignificanceofthenewanalyses.

Text2

InsuranceinrespectofthepropertywillbecarriedoutbytheSocietyinaccordancewiththerulesandthemortgageconditionswhichsuchinsurancecompaniesastheSocietymaydetermine.TheSocietyhasawideexperienceofinsurancecompaniesandofthetermsofferedbytheirpolicies,andplacesinsurancewithmanycompanieswhoareabletoprovidethecoverwhichtheSocietyconsidersnecessary.YoumayliketheSocietytoinsurewithaparticularcompany,andifsopleasecontactimmediatelytheBranchOfficetowhichyousubmittedyourapplicationforloan,andsolongasthatcompanyanditstermsareacceptabletotheSocietythecoverwillbearrangedaccordingly.IfyoushouldsuggestacompanyanditisnotonewithwhichtheSocietydoesbusinessyouwillbeinformedandofferedachoiceofothercompanies.Youmayrequestchangeofinsurancecompanyatanytimeduringthelifeofthemortgage.Ifyourmortgageisundertheendowmentschemeorsupportedbyaninsuranceguaranteeorifthedocumentsoftitlespecifythecompanytobeuseditmaynotbepossibletoacceptyourchoice.

Theinitialsuminsuredwillbethefigureshownundertheheading“AmountofPropertyInsurance”intheDetailsofLoan.ThisfigureistheamountrecommendedbytheSociety’svalue,ashisestimateofthereplacementcostofthebuildingatthedateofvaluation,unlesssomeotheramounthasbeenagreedinwritingbetweenyouandtheSociety.Nowarrantyisgivenorimpliedthattheamountofinsurancewillcovercompleteloss.

Youareremindedthatthemarketvalueofyourpropertybearsnorelationshiptothecostofreplacement.Theamountforwhichthepropertyisinsuredshouldthereforerepresentnotlessthanthecost,atthetimeofrepairorreplacement,ofrebuildingallthepropertycoveredinthesamematerials,form,styleandconditionaswhenitisnew.ItshouldalsoincludeincomplyingwiththerequirementsoftheLocalAuthorityandinremovingdebris,etc.Theterm“property”includesdomesticoutbuilding,garages,walls,landlords’fixturesandfittings,etc.,butexcludesthevalueoftheland.

Themarketvalueofahouseisthereforelikelytobelessthanthecostofrebuilding,especiallyifthepropertyiselderly.Evenifthepropertyisrecentlybuilt,theworkinvolvedinreinstatementwillbemoreexpensivethanthebuildingcostwhichcanbeachievedbyabuilderbuildingonanestatebasis.

6.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?

[A]Anadvertisement.[B]Aninformationbooklet.

[C]Anewspaperarticle.[D]Aformalspeech.

7.Ifacustomersuggestsaninsurancecompany，

[A]theSocietymaynotbeabletoagreetothecompany.

[B]theSocietywillprovidealistofalternativecompanies.

[C]theSocietywillnotacceptresponsibilityforthepolicy.

[D]itisimpossibletochangethatcompanylateron.

8.Whichofthefollowingistruewhenyouinsureyourproperty?

[A]Youshouldusethemarketvalueasaguide.

[B]YoushouldtaketheadviceofyourLocalAuthority.

[C]Garagesandgardenshedsarenotusuallyincluded.

[D]Youshouldnottakethelandvalueintoaccount.

9.Whendoesrebuildingapropertycostmorethanitsmarketvalue?

[A]Onlyifthepropertyisold.

[B]Particularlyifthepropertyisnew.

[C]Whatevertheageoftheproperty.

[D]Asthecostofrebuildingrises.

10.Wecaninferfromthetextthat

[A]theSocietyisexperiencedinofferingsuggestionstoinsurancecompanies.

[B]theinsurancecompanywillrefuseyourapplicationifyourchoiceviolateitsrules.

[C]afterevaluation,theinitialsuminsuredwillbefiguredoutbytheSociety’svalue.

[D]theamountforwhichthepropertyisinsuredisrequiredbytheLocalAuthority.

Text3

ImaginethatIhave$100andIofferyou$20ofit,nostringsattached.You’dtakeit,right?

Anyfoolwould;it’sawindfall.ButimaginefurtherthatyouknowImustgiveawaypartofmy$100orloseitall.Allofasuddenmymotivesaren’tentirelyaltruistic,butI’mstillofferingyoufreemoney.Takeitorleaveit,butnonegotiationallowed.Howwouldyoufeel?

Whatwouldyoudo?

Ifyouwerelikealotofpeoplewhohaveansweredthesequestionsinapsychologicalexperimentovertheyears,youwouldnowfeelconflicted.Manyofthesepeopleactuallywalkedawayfromthedeal,eventhoughitwouldhavemeantano-strings-attachedtwentybucksintheirpockets.Why?

Becausethearrangementisfundamentallyunfair,andonceyouknowthisyourbasicsenseofmoralindignationclicksin.Youremotionsandprinciplestrumpyourpurerationality.

Psychologistshavedemonstratedthisinthelaboratory,timeandtimeagain.It’sknownastheUltimatumGame,anditscounterintuitivefindingsarepartofabroadnewunderstandingofhowthehumanbrainandmindwork.Consideranotherexperimentfromtheemergingfieldofsocialneuroscience.PsychologistJohnBarghflashedwordsinfrontofvolunteers,butsorapidlythattheydidnotregisterintheconsciousmind.Someofthewordshadtodowithrudeness（likeimpoliteandobnoxious）whileothersweretheopposite（respect,considerate）.Thevolunteerswerelaterputinasimulatedsituationinwhichtheycouldbeciviltowardoneanother—ornot.Manywhohadseenthewordsassociatedwithrudenesswerenot.Two-thirdsofthevolunteerswhohadbeenprimedwithrudenesswordsinterruptedanotherpersonafterward,compar