最新中考英语动词不定式考点全攻略附答案.docx
《最新中考英语动词不定式考点全攻略附答案.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《最新中考英语动词不定式考点全攻略附答案.docx(18页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
最新中考英语动词不定式考点全攻略附答案
中考英语动词不定式考点全攻略(附答案)
动词不定式历来是中考英语命题的热点之一。
它是动词的一种非谓语形式,没有人称和数的变化,不能单独作句子的谓语。
其构成形式为"(not)to+动词原形"。
考点攻略一:
动词不定式作主语
1)动词不定式直接用在主语位置:
Toseeyouisalwaysapleasure.
2)如果主语较长,则可以用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。
Itis+形容词+(of sb.)todo sth.此处常用careless,clever,foolish,honest,kind,nice,rude,stupid,silly,wrong,wise等形容词,与介词of搭配,这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质。
It’sbraveofyoutojumpintotherivertosavetheboy!
Itis+名词或形容词+(for sb.)todo sth.此处常用necessary,hard, difficult,easy, important,impossible等形容词,与介词for搭配,表示不定式的动作或行为的性质。
Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomclean.Itisimportantforustoprotecttheenvironment.
Ittakes sb. sometimetodo sth.
ItusuallytakesusabouttwoandahalfhourstotravelfromShanghaitoJapan.
考点攻略二:
动词不定式作宾语
其后常接不定式作宾语的动词有:
agree,afford,choose,decide,expect,plan,promise,manage,hope,wish,want,seem,refuse,fail等。
Ididn’texpecttoseeyouhere.
在某些复合宾语中,动词有find,consider,think,make,feel,常先用it代替不定式,作形式宾语,而把不定式放到后面去。
Ifinditimpossibletofinishthetaskontime.
考点攻略三:
动词不定式作宾语补足语
动词不定式作宾补,即“动词+宾语+(not)todosth.”,接不定式作宾补的常见动词有:
advise,allow,ask,cause,expect,beg,encourage,get,help,invite,teach,order,remind,tell,want,wish,warn等。
Myparentsalwaystellmenottobelateforschool.
考点攻略四:
动词不定式作表语
不定式作表语一般位于系动词之后,表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作;若主语是aim,duty,hope,idea,job,plan,problem,purpose,wish等名词,不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。
ItissaidthattheyaretovisitChinanextmonth.MywishistobecomeascientistlikeEinstein.
考点攻略五:
动词不定式作定语(常用于名词之后)。
由only,last,next,序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语,
Tomisalwaysthefirststudenttoarriveatschool.
注:
动词不定式to后所接动词若是不及物动词,而不定式与其修饰的词之间有动宾关系时,此不定式后要加相应的介词。
Wehaven’tdecidedwhichhoteltostayat.Ineedapentowritewith.
考点攻略六:
动词不定式作目的状语。
如:
Tokeepfit,studentsareadvisedtodomorningexercises.
soasto(不可用于句首使用),inorderto也可以引导目的状语。
Iwalkedslowlyontheicyroadinordernottofalldown.
考点攻略七:
动词不定式与疑问词连用。
疑问代词who,what,which和疑问副词when,where,how等后加动词不定式,构成不定式短语,可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。
如:
Theproblemishowtogetthereontime.
注:
当主句谓语动词know,tell,forget,remember,learn,explain等后接疑问词(连接代词/副词)引导的宾语从句,且该从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,宾语从句可转换成“疑问词(连接代词/副词)+不定式(短语)”形式。
Wedon’tknowwhatweshoulddonext. =Wedon’tknowwhattodonext.
考点攻略八:
动词不定式to的省略情况
1)、在有些使役动词及感官动词后可用省略to的动词不定式,如let,make,have,hear,see,feel,smell,hear,watch等,但在被动结构中,to不可省略。
Theteachermakesmerewritethecomposition.
2)、在下列结构后常用不带to的动词不定式:
hadbetter,wouldrather,cannothelp,等。
I’dbettergonow,orI’llmissthetrain.
3)、在whynot结构中,其后的动词不定式to要省略。
如:
Whynotsendthosebooksback?
自我测试
I.Choosethebestanswer.
1.Youhadbetter______becauseyouhavetodrivebackhome.
A)notdrinkingB)notdrinkC)don’tdrinkD)nottodrink
2.Ican’ttellyouwhatshesaid.I’vepromised______itasecret.
A)keepB)tokeepC)keepingD)kept
3.Doctorswarnedpeoplestayoutdoorsforalongtimeinfoggyweather.
A)notB)don’tC)tonotD)notto
4. ------I will go to Harbin for my summer vacation. What about you?
------I haven’t decided where ________.
A)go B) went C) going D) to go
5. The boy is often heard in the music room. He sings very well.
A)practise singing B)to practise singing C)practised singing D)practisetosing
II.Rewritethefollowingsentencesasrequired.
6.Thegirldidn'tknowwhereshecouldfindhermother.(改成简单句)
Thegirldidn'tknowwhere______________hermother.
7.Themanissoenergeticthathecanbeourleader.(改为简单句)
Themanisenergetic____________________beourleader.
8.Youshouldmemorizeyourpassword.It’sveryimportant.(合并为一句)
It’sveryimportantforyou________yourpassword.
答案与解析:
1.答案为B。
hadbetter后接动词原形,否定形式在hadbetter后加not。
2.答案为B。
promisetodosth.答应或许诺做某事。
3.答案为D。
warnsb.nottodosth.警告某人不要做某事。
4.答案为D。
此处考查的是疑问词(连接代词/副词)+不定式(短语)形式的用法。
5.答案为B。
make,hear,see等词在被动结构中要加to。
6.答案为tofind。
宾语从句可转换成“疑问词(连接代词/副词)+不定式(短语)”形式。
7.答案为enoughto。
so…that…结构可以与enoughto同义转换。
8.答案为tomemorize。
Itis+名词或形容词+(for sb.)todo sth为固定表达结构。
一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷
1.阅读理解
Jennylookedatthestorewindow.TherewasnothingthatshewantedmorethanaHappyHannahdoll.Itwas$29.95.Unluckily,Jennydidn'tevenhavethe95cents.
Asshecrossedthestreet,shethoughtaboutdoingherbrother'shousework,cleaningthefloor,washingthedishesallmonth,buteventhenshewouldhaveonlyelevendollars.Suddenly,somethingsmallandpinkinthesnowcaughthereyes.
Jennywalkedoverandpickeditupfromthesnow.Itwasabeautifulwallet.Sheopenedthewalletandfoundmanydollarsandawoman'sdriver'slicenseinit.Jennyputthewalletintoherbagquickly.Sheturnedaroundandwalkedback.
Jenny'sheartbeat(跳动)fastasshewentintothestore.Shehadlongdreamedaboutthismoment,butsomethingdidn'tfeelright.AsshegottotheHappyHannahdolls,shepushedawayherfeelings.Shegrabbed(抓起)oneandwalkedtowardthecheckout.
AsJennywaswaitingtopay,hermobilephonerang.Itwashergrandma.Jenny'sheartwassuddenlyfilledwithloveandwarmthwhenshethoughtofher.Sheputthedolldownandansweredthephone.
“Hi,Grandma?
I'mgoingtobealittlebitlatetonight...Alright...Iloveyou,too.”Jennyleftthestoreandwalkedallthewayto301WestStreet.Thewomanwhoansweredthedoorlookedsad.
“Here,Ifoundthisinthesnow,”Jennysaid.
“Oh,goodGod!
Thisisthemoneyfortheorphanage(孤儿院)!
Thankyou!
”
Afterdoingherbrother'shouseworkforthreemonths,JennyfinallygotaHappyHannahdoll.Shewassohappybecauseshecouldplaywithherdollandlookhergrandmaintheeye.
(1)WhatdidJennyfindinthesnow?
A. Abag.
B. Awallet.
C. Adoll.
D. Amobilephone.
(2)HowdidJennyfeelwhenshethoughtofhergrandma?
A. Moved. B. Surprised. C. Nervous. D. Warm.
(3)WhydidJennygoto301WestStreet?
A. Tofindatoystore.
B. Tovisittheorphanage.
C. Toreturnthemoney.
D. Tolookafterthewoman.
(4)WhatdidJennydotogetthedoll?
A. Shedidherbrother'shouseworkforthreemonths.
B. Sheaskedhergrandmatobuyitforher.
C. Shetooksomemoneyfromthewoman.
D. Shecleanedthefloorinthestoreforallmonth.
(5)Whatdoweknowfromthestory?
A. Thegirliskindandneverdoeswrong.
B. Thegirl'sgrandmahasagreatinfluenceonher.
C. Thewomanismeanandneverhelpsothers.
D. Thegirldidn'thaveaHappyHannahdollintheend.
【答案】
(1)B
(2)D
(3)C
(4)A
(5)B
【解析】【分析】本文叙述了有一次詹妮在雪地里捡起了一个钱包,她本想去拿着这钱去买一个自己喜欢的洋娃娃,可是当她想付钱的时候,她接到了祖母的电话,她想起来祖母,于是就放弃了用捡来的钱来买东西的想法,把钱包物归原主了,决定通过给她的弟弟做三个月的作业,最后得到了自己想要的洋娃娃。
(1)细节理解题。
根据Jennywalkedoverandpickeditupfromthesnow.Itwasabeautifulwallet.可知,詹妮在雪地里捡起的是钱包。
故选B。
(2)细节理解题。
根据AsJennywaswaitingtopay,hermobilephonerang.Itwashergrandma.Jenny'sheartwassuddenlyfilledwithloveandwarmthwhenshethoughtofher.可知,詹妮当想起她的祖母的时候,她感觉很温暖。
故选D。
(3)细节理解题。
根据Jennyleftthestoreandwalkedallthewayto301WestStreet.Thewomanwhoansweredthedoorlookedsad.“Here,Ifoundthisinthesnow,”Jennysaid.可知,詹妮去301西街是去还钱包。
故选C。
(4)细节理解题。
根据Afterdoingherbrother'shouseworkforthreemonths,JennyfinallygotaHappyHannahdoll.可知,詹妮通过给她的弟弟做了三个月的作业,最后得到了自己想要的洋娃娃。
故选A。
(5)推理判断题。
根据Jenny'sheartwassuddenlyfilledwithloveandwarmthwhenshethoughtofher.Shewassohappybecauseshecouldplaywithherdollandlookhergrandmaintheeye.可知,詹妮特别尊重自己的祖母,看重祖母的看法。
可推知她的祖母对她影响很大。
故选。
【点评】推理判断题是每年中考的必考题型之一,也是英语阅读理解中难度较大的题型,属于深层理解题。
它要求学生对文章中的内容及作者的思路做出合理的判断和推理,也就是要运用逻辑推理能力推论出蕴含在文章中却没有明说的事实及暗示的含义,即英语中所说的“readbetweenthelines”。
因此,学生应在理解全文的基础上,从文章本身所提供的信息出发,运用逻辑思维,并借助一定的常识进行分析、推理,在已知和未知信息之间搭起桥梁,透过字里行间,体会“弦外之音”,从而揭示文章的深层涵义。
2.阅读理解
Agirlcomplainedtoherfatheraboutherhardlife.Shedidn'tknowwhatshehadtodoandwantedtogiveup.Shefelttiredoffightingandfighting.Oneproblemhadbeenfinishedbutanothercameover.
Herfather,acook,tookherintothekitchen.Hepouredwaterintothreepansandboiled(煮沸)them.Afterboiling,inthefirstpanwasputsomecarrots,thesecondwasputsomeeggsandthelastwasputwithcoffee.
Thegirlwaitedimpatiently(不耐烦的),confusedbywhatherfatherdid.About20minuteslater,herfathertookoutthecarrotsandputtheminabowl.Hetooktheeggsandputtheminabowl.Afterthatthecoffeewaspouredintoacup.“Mysweetheart,whatdoyousee?
”heasked.
“Carrots,eggsandcoffee,”shereplied.
Herfathertoldhertoclosehereyesandaskedhertotouchthecarrots.Shedidsoandfeltthatthecarrotsweresoft.Afterthatheaskedhertotaketheeggsandbreakthem.Afterpeeling(剥开)them,shegottheeggs,cookedandhard.Thelast,thefatherlethersmellthecoffee.Sheasked,“Whatdidyoudothisfor,Father?
”Heexplainedthateachhadthesameunluckyexperience—theboilingwater,buteachhadadifferentresult.Thestrongandhardcarrotshadbecomesoftandweak.Thefragileeggsbecamehardafterbeingcooked.Thecoffeewasveryspecial,theycouldchangewater.“Whoareyou?
”askedherfather.“Whenbadluckknocksatyourdoor,whatisyourdecision?
Areyoucarrots,eggsorcoffee?
”
(1)Thegirlcomplainedaboutherhardlifebecauseshedidn't________.
A. wanttogiveup
B. finishoneproblem
C. knowwhattodo
D. gettiredoffighting
(2)Thegirl'sfathertookhertothekitchento________.
A. askherhowtoboileggs
B. showherhowtomakecoffee
C. teachherhowtobeacook