血常规英文.docx

血常规英文.docx

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血常规英文

Completebloodcount

FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

A completebloodcount （CBC）,alsoknownasa completebloodcellcount, fullbloodcount （FBC）,or fullbloodexam （FBE）,isa bloodpanel requestedbya doctor orother medicalprofessional thatgives informationaboutthecells inapatient's blood,suchasthe cellcount foreachcelltypeandthe concentrations ofvariousproteinsandminerals.AscientistorlabtechnicianperformstherequestedtestingandprovidestherequestingmedicalprofessionalwiththeresultsoftheCBC.

Bloodcountsofvarioustypeshavebeenusedforclinicalpurposessincethe19thcentury.Automatedequipmenttocarryoutcompletebloodcountswasdevelopedinthe1950sand1960s.[1]

The cells thatcirculateinthe bloodstream aregenerallydividedintothreetypes:

whitebloodcells（leukocytes）,redbloodcells（erythrocytes）,andplatelets（thrombocytes）.Abnormallyhighorlowcountsmayindicatethepresenceofmanyformsofdisease,andhencebloodcountsareamongstthemostcommonlyperformed bloodtests inmedicine,astheycanprovideanoverviewofapatient'sgeneralhealthstatus.ACBCisroutinelyperformedduringannual physicalexaminations insomejurisdictions.

Medicaluses[edit]

Completebloodcountsaredonetomonitoroverallhealth,to screen forsomediseases,toconfirmadiagnosisofsomemedicalconditions,tomonitoramedicalcondition,andtomonitorchangesinthebodycausedbymedicaltreatments.[2]

Forpatientswhoneed bloodtransfusion,abloodcountmaybeusedtogetdatawhichwouldhelpplananamountoftreatment.[3] Insuchcases,thepersonshouldhaveonlyonebloodcountfortheday,andthetransfusionofredbloodcellsorplateletsshouldbeplannedbasedonthat.[3] Multipleblooddrawsandcountsthroughoutthedayareanexcessiveuseofphlebotomyandcanleadtounnecessaryadditionaltransfusions,andtheextraunnecessarytreatmentwouldbeoutsideof medicalguidelines.[3]

Procedure[edit]

A phlebotomist collectsthesamplethrough venipuncture,drawingthebloodintoa testtube containingan anticoagulant （EDTA,sometimes citrate）tostopitfrom clotting.Thesampleisthentransportedtoa laboratory.Sometimesthesampleisdrawnoffafingerprickusinga Pasteurpipette forimmediateprocessingbyanautomatedcounter.

Inthepast,countingthecellsinapatient'sbloodwasperformedmanually,byviewingaslidepreparedwithasampleofthepatient'sblood（a bloodfilm,orperipheralsmear）undera microscope.Presently,thisprocessisgenerallyautomatedbyuseofan automatedanalyzer,withonlyapproximately10–20%ofsamplesnowbeingexaminedmanually.

CBCbeingperformedinahospitalusingan Abbott Cell-Dyn1700automaticanalyzer.

Completebloodcountperformedbyan automatedanalyser.Differentialsnotseenhere.

Automated[edit]

MostbloodcountstodayincludeaCBCcountandleukocytedifferentialcount（LDC）（thatis,notjustthetotalWBCcountbutalsothecountofeachWBCtype,suchasneutrophils,eosinophils,basophils,monocytes,andlymphocytes）.Moresophisticatedmodernanalyzerscanprovideextendeddifferentialcounts,whichincludehematopoieticprogenitorcells,immaturegranulocytes,anderythroblasts.[4]

Thebloodiswellmixed（thoughnotshaken）andplacedonarackintheanalyzer.Thisinstrumenthasflowcells,photometersandaperturesthatanalyzedifferentelementsintheblood.Thecellcountingcomponentcountsthenumbersandtypesofdifferentcellswithintheblood.Theresultsareprintedoutorsenttoacomputerforreview.

Bloodcountingmachinesaspirateaverysmallamountofthespecimenthroughnarrowtubingfollowedbyanapertureandalaserflowcell.Lasereyesensorscountthenumberofcellspassingthroughtheaperture,andcanidentifythem;thisisflowcytometry.Thetwomainsensorsusedarelightdetectorsand electricalimpedance.Theinstrumentmeasuresthetypeofbloodcellbyanalyzingdataaboutthesizeandaspectsoflightastheypassthroughthecells（calledfrontandsidescatter）.Otherinstrumentsmeasuredifferentcharacteristicsofthecellstocategorizethem.

Becauseanautomatedcellcountersamplesandcountssomanycells,theresultsareveryprecise.However,certainabnormalcellsinthebloodmaynotbeidentifiedcorrectly,requiringmanualreviewoftheinstrument'sresultsandidentificationofanyabnormalcellstheinstrumentcouldnotcategorize.

Inadditiontocounting,measuringandanalyzingredbloodcells,whitebloodcellsandplatelets,automatedhematologyanalyzersalsomeasuretheamountofhemoglobin inthebloodandwithineachredbloodcell.Thisisdonebyaddingadiluentthatlysesthecellswhichisthenpumpedintoaspectro-photometricmeasuring cuvette.Thechangeincolorofthe lysate equatestothehemoglobincontentoftheblood.Thisinformationcanbe