血常规英文.docx

1、血常规英文Complete blood countFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaAcomplete blood count(CBC), also known as acomplete blood cell count,full blood count(FBC), orfull blood exam(FBE), is ablood panelrequested by adoctoror othermedical professionalthat givesinformation about the cellsin a patientsblood, su

2、ch as thecell countfor each cell type and theconcentrationsof various proteins and minerals. A scientist or lab technician performs the requested testing and provides the requesting medical professional with the results of the CBC.Blood counts of various types have been used for clinical purposes si

3、nce the 19th century. Automated equipment to carry out complete blood counts was developed in the 1950s and 1960s.1Thecellsthat circulate in thebloodstreamare generally divided into three types: white blood cells (leukocytes), red blood cells (erythrocytes), and platelets (thrombocytes). Abnormally

4、high or low counts may indicate the presence of many forms of disease, and hence blood counts are amongst the most commonly performedblood testsin medicine, as they can provide an overview of a patients general health status. A CBC is routinely performed during annualphysical examinationsin some jur

5、isdictions.Medical useseditComplete blood counts are done to monitor overall health, toscreenfor some diseases, to confirm a diagnosis of some medical conditions, to monitor a medical condition, and to monitor changes in the body caused by medical treatments.2For patients who needblood transfusion,

6、a blood count may be used to get data which would help plan an amount of treatment.3In such cases, the person should have only one blood count for the day, and the transfusion of red blood cells or platelets should be planned based on that.3Multiple blood draws and counts throughout the day are an e

7、xcessive use of phlebotomy and can lead to unnecessary additional transfusions, and the extra unnecessary treatment would be outside ofmedical guidelines.3ProcedureeditAphlebotomistcollects the sample throughvenipuncture, drawing the blood into atest tubecontaining ananticoagulant(EDTA, sometimescit

8、rate) to stop it fromclotting. The sample is then transported to alaboratory. Sometimes the sample is drawn off a finger prick using aPasteur pipettefor immediate processing by an automated counter.In the past, counting the cells in a patients blood was performed manually, by viewing a slide prepare

9、d with a sample of the patients blood (ablood film, or peripheral smear) under amicroscope. Presently, this process is generally automated by use of anautomated analyzer, with only approximately 1020% of samples now being examined manually.CBC being performed in a hospital using anAbbottCell-Dyn 170

10、0 automatic analyzer.Complete blood count performed by anautomated analyser. Differentials not seen here.AutomatededitMost blood counts today include a CBC count and leukocyte differential count (LDC) (that is, not just the total WBC count but also the count of each WBC type, such as neutrophils, eo

11、sinophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes). More sophisticated modern analyzers can provide extended differential counts, which include hematopoietic progenitor cells, immature granulocytes, and erythroblasts.4The blood is well mixed (though not shaken) and placed on a rack in the analyzer. T

12、his instrument has flow cells, photometers and apertures that analyze different elements in the blood. The cell counting component counts the numbers and types of different cells within the blood. The results are printed out or sent to a computer for review.Blood counting machines aspirate a very sm

13、all amount of the specimen through narrow tubing followed by an aperture and a laser flow cell. Laser eye sensors count the number of cells passing through the aperture, and can identify them; this isflow cytometry. The two main sensors used are light detectors andelectrical impedance. The instrumen

14、t measures the type of blood cell by analyzing data about the size and aspects of light as they pass through the cells (called front and side scatter). Other instruments measure different characteristics of the cells to categorize them.Because an automated cell counter samples and counts so many cel

15、ls, the results are very precise. However, certain abnormal cells in the blood may not be identified correctly, requiring manual review of the instruments results and identification of any abnormal cells the instrument could not categorize.In addition to counting, measuring and analyzing red blood c

16、ells, white blood cells and platelets, automated hematology analyzers also measure the amount ofhemoglobinin the blood and within each red blood cell. This is done by adding a diluent that lyses the cells which is then pumped into a spectro-photometric measuringcuvette. The change in color of thelysateequates to the hemoglobin content of the blood. This information can be