教育类.docx

教育类.docx

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教育类

2009年高考英语阅读理解专项训练.附详解（教育类）

（1）

DoreenSykoraisnowajunioratMcGillUniversity.Shehadadifficulttimewhenshefirstbegancollege.Shesaid,“Iwasalwayswellpreparedformyexaminations.ButwhenIgointoclasstotaketheexam,Iwouldfallapart.Icouldjustblankoutbecauseofnervousnessandfear.”HitoshiSakamoto,ananthropology（人类学）studentatTempleUniversityinTokyoreportssimilarexperiences.

Thesetwoyoungstudentswereexperiencingsomethingcalledtestanxiety.Becauseastudentworriesandisstressed（加压力于）aboutatest,hisorherminddoesnotworkaswellasitusuallydoes.Thestudentcannotwriteorthinkclearlybecauseoftheseveretensionandnervousness.

Nowtherearespecialuniversitycoursestohelpstudents.Inthesecourses,advisorsandpsychologiststrytohelpstudentsbyteachingthemtomanagetestanxiety.Suchacoursehelpsstudentslearntolivewithstressandnotfailbecauseofit.Firststudentstakeapracticetesttomeasuretheirworrylevel.Ifthetestsshowthattheirstresslevelishigh,thestudentscantakeashortcoursetomanagethefear.Thesecoursesteachstudentshowtorelaxtheirbodies.Theygettrainingtobecomecalminverytensesituations.Bycontrollingtheirnervousness,theycanlettheirmindsworkmoreeasily.Learnedinformationthencomesoutwithoutdifficultyonatest.

DoreenSykorasawimmediateresultsaftertakingsuchacourse.Shenowhasenthusiasmabouttherelaxationmethods.“Mostly,whatIdoisimaginemyselfinaverycalmplace.ThenIimaginemyselfpickingupapencil.Imoveslowlyandcarefully.Ibreatheeasilyandletallthetensionout.Witheachbreath,moreworryleavesme.Itreallyworkstoo.Mygradeshaveimprovedgreatly!

I’mreallydoingwellatMcGillnow.Thisrelaxationmethodworksnotonlyonexaminations,butithasimprovedtherestofmylifeaswell.”

ForHitoshiinTokyo,theresultsweremuchthesame.Heisenjoyingschoolalotmoreandlearningmore.

1.WhatisthesimilaritybetweenDoreenSykoraandHitoshiSakamoto?

A.Theyarestudentsfromthesameuniversity.

B.Theyfailedinalltheexaminations.

C.Theybothhadexperiencesoftestanxiety.

D.Theybothhadthesamepoorstudyinghabits.

2.Thephrase“blankout”inParagraph1refersto“_______.”

A.loseinterestintheexamB.refusetotaketheexam

C.getanextrapaperD.beunabletothinkclearly

　　3.What’sthepurposeofsomespecialuniversitystudent-helpcourses?

　　A.Tohelpstudentstoreducetestanxiety.

　　B.Toshowastresslevelexperiencedbystudents.

　　C.Tolearnmoreknowledgeabouttestanxiety.

　　D.Tohaveabetterunderstandingoftestanxiety.

【答案与解析】有些大学生患有考试焦虑症，不过现在好了，这些大学开设了特殊的课程来帮助他们缓解这种考试焦虑症。

1.C。

语义理解题。

从第1段最后一句话HitoshiSakamoto,ananthropology（人类学）studentatTempleUniversityinTokyoreportssimilarexperiences可以明显看出DoreenSykora和HitoshiSakamoto都患有考试焦虑症。

2.D。

词义猜测题。

DoreenSykora因考试时过度紧张和害怕，那当然是思维不清晰。

3.A。

语义理解题。

从文章第3段第2句话Inthesecourses,advisorsandpsychologiststrytohelpstudentsbyteachingthemtomanagetestanxiety可以看出大学开设这门特殊课程的目的。

（2）

Theaveragepersonlearnsmostofthe30000～40000wordswhosemeaningsheorsherecognizesbyhearingthemorgettingfamiliarwiththeminthecontextorsimplyabsorbingthemwithoutconscious（意识到的）effort.Thebestwaytobuildagoodvocabulary,therefore,istoreadagreatdealandtoparticipateinalotofgoodtalks.Therearerelativelyfewwordsthatwelearnpermanently（永久的）bypurposefullyreferringtodictionariesorkeepingwordlists.However,eventhoseextrafewareofvalue,andnoonewillmakeamistakebyworkingondevelopingalargervocabulary.Herearesomesuggestionsofhowtodoit.

Readplentyofgoodbooks.Whenyoucomeacrossanewword,oranewmeaningofanoldword,stopandseeifyoucanunderstanditfromitscontext.Ifyoucan't,andifyoucanmanagewithoutinterruptingthethoughtofthebooktoomuch,lookitupinadictionaryorasksomebodyandthenrepeatitsmeaningtoyourselfacoupleoftimes.Ifyouarereallyconscientious（认真的）,writethewordanditsmeaninginapersonalvocabularylist—preferablyusingitinasentence,oryoucankeepaspecialvocabularynotebook.Gooverthelistfromtimetotime.Further,trytouseanewwordinwritingorconversationafewtimesoverthenextseveraldays.

Listentogoodtalksandbealerttonewwordsyouhearortonewmeaningsofwordsyoualreadyknow.Thentreatthemjustasyoutreatthenewwordsyouread.

Learnandbealerttothepartsofwords:

prefixes,suffixesandroots.Knowingthemenablesyoutomakeintelligentguessesaboutthemeaningofwords.

Ifyouarestudyingaforeignlanguage,bealerttowordsinthatlanguagewhichrelatetowordsinEnglish.Englishhasinherited（继承）orborrowedmuchofitsvocabularyof500000～600000wordsfromLatin,Greek,French,SpanishandGerman.

1.Whenyoumeetanewwordinreading,whatshouldyoudo?

A.Guessitsmeaning.B.Asksomebody.

C.Lookitupinadictionary.D.Alloftheabove.

2.Accordingtothispassage,thebestwaytobuildagoodvocabularyis_______.

A.torememberalotB.toreadagreatdeal

C.totakepartinalotofgoodtalksD.bothBandC

3.Thephrase“bealertto”inthethirdparagraphmaybestbereplacedby“_______”.

A.lookatB.payattentionto

C.writedownD.learnbyheart

4.Inthefourthparagraph,theword“them”refersto_______.

A.thepartsofwordsB.prefixes

C.suffixesD.roots

【答案与解析】怎样扩大词汇？

捷径是：

多读、多说、多听、多写。

1.D。

细节题。

从第2段第2、3句话可知答案为D。

2.D。

细节题。

只要看到第1段第2句话Thebestwaytobuildagoodvocabulary,therefore,istoreadagreatdealandtoparticipateinalotofgoodtalks可知答案为D。

3.B。

词义猜测题。

此处讲的是在“听”英语时如何对待生词的问题，根据我们“听”的经验选项A、C、D显然可排除。

4.A。

词义猜测题。

B、C、D三项都是属于thepartsofwords。

（3）

Answerthefollowingquestionsbyusingtheinformationtakenfromadictionarypage.（Youmayreadthequestionsfirst.）

jaguar:

n.atypeoflarge,yellow-coloredcatwithblackmarkingsfoundinthesouthwesternregionoftheU.S.andinCentralandSouthAmerica.

jargon:

1.n.speechthatdoesn’tmakesense.2.n.anunknownlanguagethatseemsstrangeorimpossibletounderstand.3.n.alanguagemadeupoftwoormoreotherlanguages:

HisjargonwasamixtureofFrenchandEnglish.4.n.thespecialvocabularyofafieldorprofession:

Herreportoncomputerswasfilledwithjargon.

jaunt:

1.n.atriptakenforfun.2.v.togoonabriefpleasanttrip:

WejauntedtothecountrylastSaturday.

javelin:

1.n.aspearmostcommonlyusedasweaponorinhunting.2.n.alightweightmetalorwoodenspearthatisthrownintrack-and-fieldcontests.3.n.thecontestinwhichajavelinisthrown.4.v.tostrike,aswithajavelin.

jazz:

1.n.atypeofmusicthatoriginatedinNewOrleansandischaracterizedbyrhythmicbeats.2.n.populardancemusicinfluencedbyjazz.3.n.slangemptytalk.4.ad.oforlikejazz:

ajazzband,jazzrecords.

Jennet:

n.asmallSpanishhorse.

1.Whichmeaningofthewordjavelinisusedinthesentencebelow?

Atthecompetition,Jackdrewhisarmbackandthrewthejavelin50yards.

A.Definition1B.Definition2

C.Definition3D.Definition4

2.Whichmeaningofthewordjargonisusedinthesentencebelow?

Doctorsoftenspeakinmedicaljargon.

A.Definition1B.Definition2

C.Definition3D.Definition4

3.Whatdoesthewordjazzmeaninthefollowingsentence?

Don’tgivemethatjazz,forIamapracticalperson.

A.rhythmicbeatsB.atypeofmusic

C.akindofdanceD.meaninglesstalk

【答案与解析】本题主要考查学生读书查字典的能力。

1.B。

推断题。

根据句子的描述：

在竞赛之中，先将手缩回，后将javelin掷出50码。

说明javelin是一种体育器材，从而可推知此题答案为B。

2.D。

推断题。

根据语境：

Doctorsspeakmedicaljargon.（医生说医学语言）。

从而可推知此题答案为D。

3.D。

推断题。

根据Don’tgivemethatjazz后面的forIamapracticalperson可推知答案为D。

（4）

Solongasteachersfailtodistinguish（differ）betweenteachingandlearning,theywillcontinuetoundertaketodoforchildrenthatwhichonlychildrencandoforthemselves.Teachingchildrentoreadisnotpassingreadingontothem.Itiscertainlynotendlesshoursspentinactivitiesaboutreading.Douglasinsiststhat“readingcannotbetaughtdirectlyandschoolsshouldstoptryingtodotheimpossible”.

Teachingandlearningaretwoentirelydifferentprocesses.Theydifferinkindandfunction.Thefunctionofteachingistocreatetheconditionsandtheclimatethatwillmakeitpossibleforchildrentoplancleverlythemostefficient（有效的）systemforteachingthemselvestoread.Teachingisalsoapublicactivity:

Itcanbeseenandobserved.

Learningtoreadinvolvesallthateachindividualdoestounderstandtheworldofprintedlanguage.Almostallofitisprivate,forlearningisanoccupationofthemind,andthatprocessisnotopentopublicscrutiny.

Ifteacherandlearnerrolesarenotinterchangeable,whatthencanbedonethroughteachingthatwillaidthechildinthelongsearchforknowledge?

Smithhasoneprincipleruleforallteachinginstructions.“Makelearningtoreadeasy,whichmeansmakingreadingameaningful,enjoyableandfrequentexperienceforchildren.”

Whentherolesofteacherandlearnerareseenforwhattheyare,andwhenbothteacherandlearnerfulfillthemproperly,thenmuchofthepressureandfeelingoffailureforbothisgotridof.Learningtoreadismadeeasierwhenteacherscreateanenvironmentwherechildrenaregiventhechancetosolvetheproblemoflearningtoreadbylearning.

1.Theproblemwiththereadingcourseasmentionedinthefirstparagraphisthat_______.

A.toomuchtimeisspentinteachingaboutreading

B.readingtasksaregivenwithlittleguidance

C.itisoneofthemostdifficultschoolcou