中澳班实习报告.docx

中澳班实习报告.docx

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中澳班实习报告

TianjinEngineeringTechnicalInstitute

毕业实践报告

赴中石油塔里木油田实践报告

（副标题）____________________________

专业班级：

石油工程（中澳）10-2

学生姓名：

唐伟兵学号：

2010160224

指导教师：

张玉文职称：

副教授

导师单位：

天津工程职业技术学院

完成日期：

2013-4-20

Preface

Graduationpracticeisveryimportanttocollegestudents.Anditisverynecessaryforustolearnandexchangeduringthepractice.Ifwewanttomakeprogressinself-development,asastudent,weneedtoperformactivelyinpractice.

IamastudentofSino-AusClassthree,Grade08.Duringthesite-practiceImadeavisittoBHDC.Ilearnedalotofknowledge.AndmuchofthemaredifferentfromIgainedinclassandfrombooks.Iamwellawareofthegapbetweenthetheoryandpractice.

Thispracticereportiswrittenafterworkinginwellsiteandvisitingoilcompanies.Practiceisnecessarybeforewegotowork.Itcanalsoencourageustoputtheknowledgewelearnedinclassintopracticeandgraspthewaysofsolvingpracticalproblems.Itspurposeistomakeushaveagoodpreparationinknowledge,technicalability,mentalityandaccomplishment,soastoincreaseourcompetenceinjobhuntingandinfurtherself-development.InthisreportIintroducesomethingaboutthisgraduationpractice,ouractivities,gainsandreflections.Thisreporthasfoursections.Itshowssomeequipmentofdrilling,theirfunctionsandtypes.AndIeventookpicturesofsomeofthem.

KeyWords:

equipmentofdrillingrig,APIstandard,cement,troubles&solutions

Contents

1.Site-practiceinBHDC…………………………………………………………

（1）

1.1Introduction…………………………………………………………………

（1）

1.2WorkExperience……………………………………………………………

（1）

1.3Drillingequipment………………………………………………………

（1）

1.3.1TheRotarySystem……………………………………………………

（2）

1.3.2WellControlSystem……………………………………………………（8）

1.3.3SolidControlEquipments………………………………………………（11）

1.3.4TreatmentandMixingEquipment………………………………………（15）

2.Gains……………………………………………………………………………（18）

3.References……………………………………………………………………（19）

4.Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………（20）

GraduationPracticeReport

1.Site-practiceinBHDC

1.1Introduction

Duringthegraduationpractice（March1st2011toApril20th）IworkedinBHDC.WhenIgotthereworkerswerebusydrillingthehole.Eachofthemwascarefuloftheirjobs.InthisplaceIsawwhattherealdrillingwaslike.SoIexploitedmyeyeshot.Iknowdrillingisnotaneasything.Weshouldhaveaspiritofhardworking.InthisplaceIgotalotofhelpfromtheteachersandworkersthere,whohavepassedonknowledgetomeandsharedwithmemyworries.

1.2WorkExperience

WhenIarrivedatthewellsite,Iwasassignedtothedayshift,whichworkedbetween3:

00amand3:

00pm.Thetoolpusherintroducedaskilledworkertome,wholaterbecamemymaster.Butduringthefirstdaysmymasterdidnotletmesomedifficultsite-work,becausetherehasbeenmuchdangeronthelocation.SoIjustdidsomesimplework,suchasliftingthesand,diggingthehole,doingthecleaningandsoon.Althoughtheywerequitesimplework,Istillfeltrathertired.Thoseworkerswereallsowarmheartedandshowedtheoperationprocesstome.ByworkinginsiteIgraduallyhavelearnedsomethings.

1.3Drillingequipment

1.3.1TheRotarySystem

Therotarysystemisthesetofequipmentsnecessarytopromotetherotationofthebit.Thebitmustbemechanicallyandhydraulicallyconnectedtotherig.

Thisconnectionismadebythedrillstring.Thepurposeofthedrillstringistotransmitaxialforce,torque,anddrillingfluid（hydraulicpower）tothebit.

Thebasicdrillstringiscomposedofthefollowingcomponents:

●Swivel,

●Kellyandaccessories,

●Rotarytableandcomponents,

●Drillstringtubulars（drillpipe,drillcollars,etc.）,

●Drillbit.

Severalothercomponentsandequipmentcanbeconnectedtothedrillstringtoperformseveraltasksandtolendtothedrillstringspecialfeatures.

1.3.1.1Swivel

Theswivelissuspendedbythehookofthetravelingblockandallowsthe

drillstringtorotateasdrillingfluidispumpedtowithinthedrillstring.

Withouttheswivel,drillingfluidcouldnotbepumpeddownhole,orthedrillstringcouldnotrotate.

Theswivelalsosupportstheaxialloadofthedrillstring.Aflexiblehoseconnectstothegooseneckwhichishydraulicallycoupledtothetopoftheswivelstembyastuffingbox.Thestemshoulderrestonalargethrusttaperedrollerbearing,whichtransmitsthedrillstringweighttotheswivelbody,andthentothebail.

Thethreadconnectoroftheswiveliscutleft–handsothatitwillnottendtodisconnectwhenthedrillstringisrotatedbythekellyorbythetopdrive.

1.3.1.2Kelly,KellyValves,andKellySaverSub

Belowandconnectedtotheswivelisalongfour-sided（square）orsix-sided（hexagon）steelbarwithaholedrilledthroughthemiddleforafluidpathcalledkelly.

Thepurposeofthekellyistotransmitrotarymotionandtorquetothedrillstring（andconsequentlytothedrillbit）,whileallowingthedrillstringtobeloweredorraisedduringrotation.

Thesquareorhexagonalsectionofthekellyallowsittobegrippedandturnedbythekellybushingandrotarytable.

Thekellybushinghasaninsideprofilematchingthekelly’soutsideprofile（eithersquareorhexagonal）,butwithslightlylargerdimensionssothatthekellycanfreelymoveupanddowninsideit.

Theoveralllengthofthekellyvariesfrom40ftto54ft.

Itiscommon（andadvisable）toincludetwospecialvalvesatbothendsofthekelly,calledkellyvalves.（Theupperkellyvalvehasleft–handthreads.）

Thekellyvalveconsistsofaballvalvewhichallowsfreepassageofdrillingfluidswithoutpressureloss.

Thisisasafetydevicethatcanbeclosedtopreventflowfrominsidethedrillstringduringcriticaloperationslikekickcontrol.

Italsoisolatesthedrillstringfromthesurfaceequipmentandallowsdisconnectingthekellyduringcriticaloperations.

Kellysaversub

Akellysaversubissimplyashortlengthpipewithhasmalethreadsononeendandfemaleontheother.Itisscrewedontothebottomofthelowerkellyvalveortopdriveandontotherestofthedrillstring.Whentheholemustbedeepened,andpipeaddedtothedrillstring,thethreadsareunscrewedbetweenthekellysaversubandtherestofthedrillstring,asopposedtobetweenthekellyvalveortopdriveandthesaversub.

Thismeansthattheconnectionbetweenthekellyortopdriveandthesaversubrarelyisused,andsuffersminimalwearandtear,whereasthelowerconnectionisusedinalmostallcasesandsuffersthemostwearandtear.

Thesaversubisexpendableanddoesnotrepresentamajorinvestment.However,thekellyortopdrivecomponentthreadsaresparedbyuseofasaversub,andthosecomponentsrepresentasignificantcapitalcostandconsiderabledowntimewhenreplaced.Itisimportantthatbothlowerkellyvalveandkellysaversubbeofthesamediameterofthedrillpipetool-jointstoallowstrippingintotheholeduringcontroloperations.

1.3.1.3RotaryTableandComponents

Torqueandistransmittedtothekellybythekellybushing.Thekellybushinghas

aninsideprofilematchingthekelly’soutsideprofile（eithersquareorhexagonal）,butwithslightlylargerdimensionssothatthekellycanfreelymoveupanddowninsideit.Thekellybushingfitsinthemasterbushing,which,inturn,attachtotherotarytable.Itconnectstothemasterbushingeitherbypinsofbyasquaredlink.Amastercasingbushingisusedtohandlecasings.Themasterbushingtransmitstorqueandrotationfromtherotarytabletothekellybushing.

Themasterbushing（andalsothemastercasingbushing）hasataperedinternalhole.Thepurposeofthetaperedholeistoreceivethepipeslips

Duringpipeconnectionordrillstringtripoperations,thistaperedholereceiveseitherthedrillpipeslips,orthedrillcollarslips,orthecasingslips,whichgripsthetubularandfreesthehookfromitsweight.Becauseoftheslickshapeofmostdrillcollars,asafetyclampisalwaysusedabovethedrillcollarslips（mandatory!

）Ifthedrillcollarsslidesintheslips,thesafetyclampworksasastoptoforcetheslipstogripthedrillcollar.

Therotarytablereceivespowerfromthepowersystem（eithermechanicalorelectric.）

Agearboxallowsseveralcombinationsoftorqueandspeed.

1.3.1.4Drillstringtubulars（drillpipe,drillcollars,etc.）

Intheboreholethedrillrod,thecoretubeandthedrillbitorthedrillrod,thedrillcollaranddrillbit'sassembly,drillstheplateconnectionandbyitsrotationwiththewellhead

Function：

●Pushoutdrillbit;

●Exertsthebitpressure;

●Transmissionpower;

●Transportationdrillingfluid;

●Carriesonthespecialwork:

Squeezes,theprocessingmineshaftaccidentandsoon.

1.3.1.5Drillbit

1.3.1.5.1Threerollerbits

Threerollerbitsarethepetroleumwelldrillingimportanttools,itsoperatingperformancequalityimmediateinfluencewelldrillingquality,welldrillingefficiencyandwelldrillingcost.

1．Usesthefloatingbearingstructure,fluctuatesthepartbyhighstrength,thehighelasticity,thehighheatresistance,thehighwearresistantcharacteristicnewmaterialtobemade,surfaceaftersmootherprocessing.Whilereducesthebearingvice-relativelinkspeed,reducestherubbingsurfacetemperaturerise,canenhancethehighbitpressureorunderthehighspeedwelldrillingtechnologicalconditionsbearinglifeandthebearingreliabilityeffectively.

2．Usethehighaccuracythemetalseal.Themetalsealaxialmovesthesealbyacarefuldesignprocessing'smetalpackingringasthebearing,twohighelasticityrubberenergizedthecircletobelocatedatthetoothpalmandthecutterseparat