HaroldBloomWilliamGoldingsLordoftheFlies.docx

HaroldBloomWilliamGoldingsLordoftheFlies.docx

《HaroldBloomWilliamGoldingsLordoftheFlies.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《HaroldBloomWilliamGoldingsLordoftheFlies.docx（21页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

HaroldBloomWilliamGoldingsLordoftheFlies

[Harold_Bloom]_William_Golding's_Lord_of_the_Flies

 Introduction

2015-07-1707:

23:

30

aschoolmasterformanyyears,clearlyknewagooddealaboutthepsychologyofyoungboys,particularlyinregardtogroupdynamics.

Haroldbloom:

7

注:

 英国儿童

GoldingoncesaidthatthedeadparachutistinLordoftheFlieswasmeanttorepresent“History,”intheadultsense

Haroldbloom:

8

注:

 死跳伞员

GoldingfoughtinWorldWarII,andwhenthewarwasover,hesawthatpeoplewerestillshockedabouthowHitlerandhisregimeinflictedsuchlarge-scaleinhumanehorrorsontheJewsandothers.

Haroldbloom:

11

注:

 政治希特勒

2015-07-1710:

04:

32

Butbeyondthis,hewantedtomakeitclearinhisbookthatsuchbehaviorcouldoccuranywhere,eveninaseeminglyadvancednationsuchasEngland.

Haroldbloom:

11

注:

 英国儿童

InGolding’snovel,theparachutist,whichsomereaderssawasasymbolthatGodisdead,wasmeanttostandforoff-campushistory,“thethingwhichthreatenseverychildeverywhere,thehistoryofbloodandintolerance,ofignoranceandprejudice,thethingwhichisdeadbutwon’tliedown.”

Haroldbloom:

12

注:

 死跳伞员

Forexample,havingbeenoneofamassofEnglishschoolboyswhoreadRobertBallantyne’sidealizedislandadventurebookCoralIsland,Goldingexplainedthathewantedtowritearealisticalternativetoit.IntheBallantynebook,asthecriticJamesBakerhaswritten,“everythingcomesoffinexemplarystyle.”Theboysmastertheirislandenvironment,theyuse“sheermoralforce”toeasilydefeatpirates,anduseChristianitytoreadilyconvertandreformthecannibalinhabitants.Publishedin1858,CoralIslandmaintainedgreatpopularity,andGoldingincorporatedanumberofitscharacteristicsintohisnovelinordertosatirizeitandotherbookslikeit.

Haroldbloom:

12

注:

 coralisland

Notonlydotheykillotherboys,buttheirdesiretokillleadsthemtosetsuchadestructivefireontheislandthattheydestroyeventheirownsourceofprotectionandfood;destructionseemstoknownolimits.

Haroldbloom:

12

注:

 结局

savingthecharacterofRalphwastheonlywaytoprovidetheopportunityforhimtobecomeself-aware（althoughhisawarenessprovokesdespair）.ThismixofhopeanddespairseemsfittingforGolding,whoina1964interviewobserved,“Ithinkthatdemocraticattitudeofvoluntarycurbsputonone’sownnatureistheonlypossiblewayforhumanity,butIwouldn’tliketosaythatit’sgoingtoworkout,orsurvive.

Haroldbloom:

13

注:

 结局

 ListofCharacters

2015-07-1711:

37:

18

HismistreatmentofPiggyandhisjoiningintheviolenceagainstSimonshowhoweasilyitisforeventhegoodtosuccumbtoevil.

注:

 ralph恶化

2015-07-1712:

04:

56

Asintelligentasheis,hemisjudgestheeviloftheothers,believingtheycanbespokenwithrationallyandneverrealizingtheseriousnessofthesituationandthepotentialforadeadlyresponse.Hestandsastheexampleofthepowerofintelligence,strongenoughtoovercomemanyflawsbutnotstrongenoughtoovercomeablindspotwhenitcomestounderstandinghumannature.

注:

 piggy

2015-07-1712:

06:

28

Heshowshoweasilyevilgainspower.

注:

 jack

2015-07-1712:

07:

59

whoforthemostpartfind15him“batty.”Heneedstimetobealone,isbraveandgiving,andunderstandshumanity.GoldinghascalledhimtheChristfigureofthebook,sincehehasamessagetoimparttotheboysandbecomesamartyr.

注:

 simon

Earlyon,theyappearsomewhatirresponsiblewhentheyabandontheirkeypostatthefireandchildishwhentheymakefunofRalph.Yetlaterinthebook,theyareloyaltohimandwanttodowhatisright.

注:

 双胞胎

2015-07-1712:

11:

30

注:

 大儿童

2015-07-1712:

12:

31

Ironically,thechoirmembersaretheonlyonesdescribedaswearingcrossesandyetarethefirsttojoinJack’sevil“tribe”（exceptforSimon）

Theseboysareanexampleofthedangeroffollowers.

注:

 大儿童

2015-07-1712:

17:

39

Theycanbeplayfulbutareplaguedwithfearfulfantasiesandnightmares.Sincetheyare16soyoung,theycancontributelittleandtosomedegreemustbetakencareof.PercivalWemysMadisonisa

注:

 小儿童

Nowunabletorememberwhathisparentsmusthavecarefullytrainedhiminandemphasizedasimportant,heisanothersymbolofthebreakdownofcivilizationontheisland.Whenhesaysthebeastcomesfromthesea,heinspireschaosatameeting,indicatingtheeasewithwhichfearovertakesmostofthegroup.

注:

 小儿童忘名字

2015-07-1712:

20:

38

Hebecomesasymbolofwhathappenswhenaccountabilityisnotpracticedbythosewhoshouldberesponsible.

注:

 小儿童胎记

 SummaryandAnalysis

2015-07-1712:

30:

03

This,finally,isenoughtobringRalphoutofhisidyllicdaydreaming,andhepullshimselfoutofthewarmwaterandpondersthesituation

注:

 piggypractical

Yettheending,howeverforceditmayseem,remindsthereaderthattheevilthathastakenplaceherehasallbeenatthehandsoflittleboys.Also,ironically,theboysarebeingrescuedfromthisevilrealmbyanarmedshipthatwillbringthembacktocivilization,whichhasbeeninthethroesofitsownhorridwar

Haroldbloom:

54

注:

 结局

Theofficer,havinginterruptedamanhunt,preparestotakethechildrenofftheislandinacruiserwhichwillpresentlybehuntingitsenemyinthesameimplacableway.Andwhowillrescuetheadultandhiscruiser?

”Butthisisnottheonlyeffectoftheending.Wewelcomewithuncomplicatedreliefthefigureofauthority.Weconcludethatchildrenrequirestrictsupervisionandconstantdiscipline,forwithoutthese,theyposeaseriousthreattotheadultworld.

KathleenWoodward:

59

注:

 结局

thecharacterofSimoninWilliamGolding’sLordoftheFliesisananalogueofChrist

注:

 simon

Simon’sholy,saintly,self-sacrificialbehaviorisanexemplarofallthatismosthighandgoodinhumanlife;thatheisanepiphanicfigure.Andhisdeath,acommunalexecution,soechoestheCrucifixionthatthecorrespondenceseemscomplete.

注:

 simon第二种可能apostlesimonpeter

ArnoldKeuger:

60-61

WeshallfindthatmuchofthefictionwasorientedanddirectlyinfluencedbyhisknowledgeofscienceandthatthereisanevolutionfromtheextremenegativismofLordoftheFliestowardgreaterrespectforthescientistandscientificinquiry.

JamesR.Baker:

64

注:

 科学

ThemuchdiscussedsourcesforthedarkfablelieinGolding’sexperienceofthewar,inhisconnectionwithLordCherwell’sresearchintoexplosives,intheuseoftheatomicbombsonJapan,inthepostwarrevelationsoftheHolocaustandthehorrorsofStalinistRussia—quiteenoughtobringonthesenseoftragicdenouementand,ashesaidin“AMovingTarget

JamesR.Baker:

64

注:

 经历

 CriticalViews

2015-07-1714:

37:

07

注:

 piggy

Piggyisn’twise.Piggyisshort-sighted.Heisrationalist.Mygreatcurse,youunderstand,rationalism—and,wellhe’sthat.He’snaïve,short-sightedandrationalist,likemostscientists.”Scientificadvance,hecontinues,isuseful,yetitdoesn’ttouchthehumanproblem.Piggynevergetsanywherenearcopingwithanythingonthatisland.Hedismissesthebeast...saystherearen’tsuchthingsasghosts,notunderstandingthatthewholeofsocietyisriddledwithghosts....Piggyunderstandssocietylessthanalmostanyonethereatall

JamesR.Baker:

66

注:

 piggy

 CriticalViews

2015-07-1716:

49:

40

Goldingkillsofftheonlysaintavailable（ashistoryobligeshimtodo）anddemonstratestheinadequacyofadecentleader（Ralph）whoisatoncetooinnocentandignorantofthehumanhearttosavethedayfromdarkness.

JamesR.Baker:

66

注:

 ralph

 CriticalViews

2015-07-1723:

15:

07

Bothboysaredesperatetodistractfromtheirownhelplessnessanddosobyprojectingtheirfearofsubjectionontoanevenweakerother.Whilebullyingappearsasareliablestrategyofexpressingone’ssuperiormasculinecomposure,aself-consciousadmissionoffearwouldthreatentheirintegrityasboys...

BertholdSchoene-Harwood:

68

注:

 男权主义

2015-07-1813:

35:

49

sodoestheirneedfor‘others’totestifytotheirmasterfulsuperiority.Theirhuntingofthepigs,forexample,isclearlymotivated

BertholdSchoene-Harwood:

68

注:

 杀猪

byadesireformanlyautonomy.Theactofkillingprovidesrelieffromtheirquintessentially‘feminine’andhenceshamefulfeelingsoffearanddisempowerment,endowingthemwiththe‘knowledgethattheyhadoutwittedalivingthing,imposedtheirwilluponit’（p.76）.Symptomatically,thekillingsbecomeevermoreferociousandorgiastic,culminatinginaparticularlyviciousattackonasow.Besidethemselveswithfear,theboysflingthemselvesatthisfemaleemblemoftheirownpanicandvulnerability,determinedtomasterandkillitonceandforall.AsthesexualundertonesanddisturbingorgasmicimageryofGolding’sdescriptionsignal,thisisnomerekilling,butalsoarape,whichfacilitatestheboys’initiationintotheviolentmasculinityofbiggamehunters:

BertholdSchoene-Harwood:

69

注:

 杀猪

2015-07-1908:

46:

38

Willingly,theymetamorphoseintowhattheyarenot,donningimpassive,uniformmasksofmasculinestrengthintendedtobringaboutaneclipseoftheterrorofindividuality.Jack’sresponsetohistransformationintoasavagebymeansofclayandcharcoalistypical:

‘Helookedinastonishment,nolongerathimselfbutatanawesomestranger...themaskwasathingonitsown,behindwhichJackhid,liberatedfromshameandself-consciousness’

BertholdSchoene-Harwood:

69-70

注:

 面具接

2015-07-1908:

53:

12

whilewearingit,theboysfeelfreetotietheirlonghairbackforcomfort,anactpreviouslyperceivedasgirlishandhenceentirelyoutofthequestion

BertholdSchoene-Harwood:

70

注:

 面具野蛮及男性特征

2015-07-1908:

57:

28

Theneedt