彝语和英语的语音对比doc.docx

彝语和英语的语音对比doc.docx

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彝语和英语的语音对比doc

彝语和英语的语音对比

thephoneticcomparisonbetweentheyilanguageandenglish

abstract:

peopleinliangshanyiminorityautonomousprefecturespeaktheyilanguage,whichisacompletelydifferentlanguagefromenglish.thewriterofthispapercarriedoutaresearchtomakeacomparisonandacontrastofthetwolanguagesinphonetics,forthepurposethattheresultoftheresearchcouldnotonlyhelpyistudentstounderstandthephoneticcharacteristicsofthetwolanguagesandcleartheobstaclesinlearningenglish,butalsohelpenglishteachersinliangshandesignsomescientificteachingmethodsandimprovetheforeignlanguageteachingconditionsthere.thewriterhasbeentomiddleschoolsinpugecounty,liangshanprefect.todosomeinvestigationwithquestionnairesandmini-typemeetings,whereshediscussedthedifferencesofthephoneticsinthetwolanguagesandthedifficultiesyistudentsface,fromwhichshehasgotpreciousfirst-handmaterials.thewriterfoundthat,apartfromthedifferentphoneticsymbolsinthetwolanguages,somemoredifferencesexistintheirintonation,tuneandphoneme.asthewriterfocusesonthedifferenceofphoneticsymbols,shewilldiscussinthispaperthefollowingpoints:

1.somephoneticssymbolsintheyilanguageandenglisharethesamebothinformandpronunciation;2.somephoneticssymbolsintheyilanguageandenglisharethesameinformbutdifferentinpronunciation;3.somephoneticssymbolsintheyilanguageandenglisharedifferentinformbutthesameinpronunciation;4.apartfromvowelsandconsonants,theyilanguagehassomeinitialconsonantsandvowels；5.englishhassomediphthongs，buttheyilanguagehasn’t.finally,thewriterproposesafewconstructivesuggestionstotheenglishteachinginliangshanautonomousprefecture.

keywords:

english;theyilanguage;phonetics;comparison;constructivesuggestionsforteaching

摘要：

凉山彝族自治州的多数居民说的彝语是和英语完全不同的一门语言。

为了提高彝族学生的英语水平，提高彝族地区的英语教学质量，本文作者对彝语和英语的语音进行了对比，目的是找出两种语言在语音方面的异同，帮助彝族学生认识两种语言，扫清英语学习障碍；同时帮助彝族地区的英语教师制定出科学的教学方法，改进凉山州目前的英语教学落后状况。

本文作者到彝族地区普格县对中学生做了问卷调查，并开了小型座谈会与彝族学生面对面交流，获取了第一手资料。

作者发现，英语和彝语的语音除了可以在音标上比较异同，还可从语调、声调、音素组成入手进行阐述。

音标上存在以下差异：

1彝语和英语音标写法与发音均相同；2彝语和英语音标写法相同而发音不同；3彝语和英语音标写法不同而发音相同；4彝语语音除元音和辅音外，还存在声母和韵母；5英语语音中存在双元音，而彝语中没有。

最后，作者对彝族地区的英语教学提出了一些建设性的建议。

关键字:

英语；彝语；语音；对比；教学

ⅰ.introduction

yilanguagebelongstotheyilanguagebranchofsino-tibetanlanguagesystem,andisquitedifferentfromenglisheitherinoriginorinphoneme.formanyreasons,theenglishteachinginyiareaisbackwardcomparedtotheinteriorareaforalongtime,whichbecomesoneofthebiggestobstaclesintheprocessofyistudents’study.manytalentedanddiligentyistudentsarerefusedbymanytopuniversitiesinchinajustbecauseoftheirpoorenglish.inadditiontothereasonsofstudyenvironment,studyconditionandteachingmethod,thedifferencesofspeechorgansandspeechhabitsbetweenenglishandyilanguagearealsotheobstaclesofenglish-learningofyistudents.andalloftheseobstaclesresultininevitableinfluenceinenglishlearninginyiarea.

inordertoofferusefulinformationtotheenglishteachersandyistudentsinyiarea,theresearchteamfirstmadeanthoroughresearchoftheenglishandyilanguagephoneticsandthenpenetratethemiddleschoolsofyiarea（pugecountyofliangshanyipeopleautonomousprefecture）andcommunicatewiththeyistudentsfacetofacetoobtainthefirst-handmaterials.

throughmeansofinvestigate-questionnaireandthemini-symposium,wecommunicatedwiththelocalyistudents,acquiredthefirst-handmaterials,andfinallyfindoutthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenenglishandyilanguageinphoneticsandthecommonproblemsthattheyistudentsfaceinenglish-learning.andihopetheresearchwouldhavesomehelpinimprovingtheenglishteachinginyiareaandinimprovingtheyistudents’englishability.

ⅱ.phoneticsymbolsofthetwolanguages

englishcontains26phoneticsymbols,ofallthesephoneticsymbols,thereare5vowelsand21consonants.everyphoneticsymbolhasoneormorethanonesound.thus,englishtotallyhas44phonemes,iftake[ts],[dz],[tr],[dr]intoconsideration,thenthereare48phonemesinenglish.thewrittenformofphonemeisphonemicalphabet,thatisphonemicsymbol.onephonemicalphabetstandsforonephoneme.englishtotallycontains12monophthongs,8diphthongs,and24consonants.

onthecontrary,yilanguageisasyllablecharacterlanguage,thatistosay,onecharacterstandsforonesyllableinyilanguage.yilanguagetotallyhas10vowelsand43consonants.thecomparisonbetweenthetwolanguagesisasfollowing.

vowel

consonant

english

monophthong

diphthong

stops[p][t][k][b][d][g]

fricatives[f][][s][][h]

[v][][z][]

affricates[][]

liquids[l][r]

nasals[m][n][]

glides[w][j]

frontvowels

[i:

][i][e][]

centralvowels

[][][]

backvowels

[][][][][]

[ei][][ai][au]

[][][][]

yilanguage

[ie][i][a][uo][o]

[e][u][ur][y][yr]

bilabial[b][bb][nb][p][hm][m]

labio-dental[f][v]

glottal[hx]

frontapicalsound[z][c][zz][nz][s][ss]

centralapicalsound[d][t][dd][nd][hn][n][hl][l]

backapicalsound[zh][ch][rr][nr][sh][r]

velar[g][k][gg][mg][ng][h][w]

palatal[j][q][jj][nj][ny][x][y]

accordingtotheanalysisofthematerialsthatwecollected,wecanknowthattherearemanyphoneticsimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenenglishandyilanguage,mainlyprominentasfollowing:

ⅰ.thephoneticsymbolsthathavesimilarwrittenformandpronunciationinthetwolanguages

phoneticsymbols

yilanguage

english

i

iqi（head）idix（clothes）

sitmiss

p

pbbo（flag）polix（barn）

portpay

n

nekop（mile）neddu（cushion）

notnice

f

taxkefo（altar）futma（six）

finefail

v

vosy（snow）voco（human）

savevote

t

tekop（time）tebbo（pineapple）

toetop

l

lezhyp（rope）leho（corral）

lifelong

k

keddiho（northwest）kebbo（ratify）

keykill

h

hevat（pot）hexjjy（fine）

hathave

s

syke（cucumber）saxle（cotton）

sipseal

r

ryyi（hut）roxjy（economize）

redraw

ⅱ.thephoneticsymbolsthathavesamewrittenformbutdifferentpronunciationinthetwolanguages

phonetic

symbols

yilanguage

english

e

sheddu（iorn）ne（you）

beddead

b

bosimv（protection）bowzhyw（strong）

backbad

d

bvdex（praise）depshe（welcome）

daddark

g

geapmop（great）getlv（technology）

gamegreat

w

wega（effort）wejjip（victory）

whatwhy

z

zyly（bell）zytmop（hoe）

zipzone

j

jibbv（aside）jipxi（relatives）

yetyellow

ⅲ.thephoneticsymbolsthathavethesamepronunciationbutdifferentwrittenforminthetwolanguages

yilanguage

phoneticsymbols

examples

englishphonetic

symbols

examples

y

jjossy（forever）

i:

eat

ie

ieqip（duckegg）

e

dead

o

obbu（smart）

sort

uo

uoma（head）

fox

u

wu（intestines）

u

book

e

ssheddu（iron）

about

bb

bborrox（delegate）

b

back

gg

ggeddu（information）

g

game

x

tatxi（should）

mission

ⅲ.theotherdifferencesbetweenthetwolanguages

yilanguageandenglishbelongtototallydifferentlanguagesystems,yilanguagebelongstosino-tibetanlanguagesystem,whileenglishbelongstoindo-europeanlanguagesystem.so,wecancomparethephoneticdifferencesnotonlyinphoneticsymbols,butalsointone,intonation,formationofpronunciation,diphthong,consonantandvowels.

ⅰ.thetoneofyilanguage

tonesarepitchvariations,whicharecausedbythedifferingratesofvibrationofthevocalcords.pitchvariationcandistinguishmeaningjustlikephonemes;therefore,thetoneisasuprasegmentalfeature.themeaning-distinctivefunctionofthetoneisespeciallyimportantinwhatwecalltonelanguages.englishisnotatonelanguage.yilanguage,however,isatypicaltonelanguage.ithasfourtones.andtheroleofthetonecanbewellillustratedbypronouncingthesamesoundcombinationsuchas‘o’inthefourdifferenttones.

ot（under）ox（havedone）o（kidney）op（goose）

inyilanguage,asyllablecanbepronouncedindifferentways,thusresultindifferentmeanings.thisisthedefinitionoftoneinyilanguagewhichcandistinguishdifferentmeaningsthroughdifferentpronunciation.

theyilanguageinliangshan,asyllablestandsforacharacter,andacharacterconsistsofconsonant,vowel,andtone.

inadditiontodistinguishthemeaningofword,thetonealsohasgrammaticalfunction.forexample:

xit（bite）ngashep（ilookfor）ngamoox（ihaveseen）

xix（what）ngashex（lookforme）nagxmoox（haveseenme）

liangshanyilanguagehasfourtones,thatis.

ⅱ.theintonationofenglish

whenpitch,stresssoundlengtharetiedtothesentenceratherthanthewordinisolation,theyarecollectivelyknownasintonation.intonationplaysanimportantroleintheconveyanceofmeaninginalmosteverylanguage,especiallyinalanguagelikeenglish.englishhasfourbasictypesofintonation,knownasthefourtones:

thefallingtone,therisingtone,thefall-risetone,andtherise-falltone.themostfrequentlyusedarethefirstthree.whenspokenindifferenttones,thesamesequenceofwordsmayhavedifferentmeanings.generallyspeaking,thefallingtoneindicatesthatwhatissaidisastraight-forward,matter-of-factstatement,therisingtoneoftenmakesaquestionofwhatissaid,andthefall-risetoneoftenindicatesthatthereisanimpliedmessageinwhatissaid.comparethefollowingthreedifferentwaysofsayingthesamesentence:

1.‘that’s‘notthe‘bookhe‘wants.

2.‘that’s‘notthe‘bookhe,wants.

3.‘that’s,notthebookhe,wants.

spokeninthefalling-tone,version1simplystatesafact,i.e.,thebookinquestionisnottheonehewants.v