Chapter 7 Semantics.docx

Chapter 7 Semantics.docx

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Chapter7Semantics

ChapterSevenSemantics

1.Definethefollowingterms:

1）referent2）polysemy

3）hyponymy4）sense

5）proposition6）reference

7）contextualism8）componentialanalysis

9）complementarity10）gradableantonyms

11）entailmentvspresupposition12）denotationvsconnotation

13）semantictriangle14）semanticfield

15）predicationanalysis16）predicate,argument

17）relationalopposites18）lexicalrelationvssenserelation

19）synonymy20）lexicalsemnntics

21）absoluteHomonyms22）homonymy

23）homophones24）homogpaghs

25）extensionvsintension

2.MultipleChoice

1）Coldandhotareapairof________antonyms.

A.gradableB.complementary

C.reversalD.converse

2）Idiomsare________.

A.sentencesB.namingunits

C.phrasesD.communicationunits

3）________describeswhetherapropositionistreeorfalse.

A.TruthB.Truthvalue

C.TruthconditionD.Falsehood

4）“JohnhitPeter”and“PeterwashitbyJohn”arethesame________.

A.propositionB.sentence

C.utteranceD.truth

5）Man:

[+HUMAN][+MALE][+ADULT][-FEMALE]isanexampleof________.

A.componenfialanalysisB.predicationanalysis

C.ICAnalysisD.selectionrestriction

6）Thesemantictriangleholdsthatthemeaningofaword________.

A.isinterpretedthroughthemediationofconcept.

B.isrelatedtothethingitrefersto.

C.istheideaassociatedwiththatwordinthemindsofspeakers.

D.istheimageitisrepresentedinthemind.

7）Whenthetruthofsentence（a）guaranteesthetruthofsentence（b）,andthefalsityofsentence（b）guaranteesthefalsityofsentence（a）,wecansaythat________.

A.sentence（a）presupposessentence（b）

B.sentence（a）entailssentence（b）

C.sentence（a）isinconsistentwithsentence（b）

D.sentence（a）contradictssentence（b）

8）“Socratesisaphilosopher”isacaseof________.

A.two-placepredicateB.one-placepredicate

C.two-placeargumentD.one-placeargument

9）“JohnkilledBillbutBilldidn’tdie”isa（n）________.

A.entailmentB.presupposition

C.anomalyD.contradiction

10）Theparticularwordsorconstructionsthatpredueepresuppositionsiscalled________.

A.presuppositionconditionB.truthcondition

C.presuppositiontriggerD.truthvalue

11）Lexiealambiguityarisesfrompolysemyor________whichcannotbedetermnedbythecontext.

A.homonymyB.antonymy

C.meronymyD.synonymy

12）Thesenserelationshipbetween“Johnplaystheviolin”and“Johnplaysamusicalinstrument”is.

A.hyponymy

B.antonymy

C.entailment

13）“Semanticsisthescientificstudyofmeaning”isa.

A.synonymyB.polysemy

C.antonymyD.tautology

14）Conceptualmeaningis.

A.denotativeB.connotative

C.associativeD.affective

15）Whentheword“root”means“partofplantthatkeepsitfirmlyinthesoilandabsorbswaterandfoodfromthesoil”,themeaningismeaning.

A.connotative

B.conceptual

C.reflected

16）“Lorry”and“truck”are.

A.dialectalsynonyms

B.stylisticsynonyms

C.synonymsthatdifferintheiremotivemeaning

D.noneoftheabove

17）Whichpairistheemotivesynonyms?

A.dad,fatherB.flat,apartment

C.mean,frugalD.charge,accuse

18）Inthecollocationalsynonyms,“rebuke”iscollocatedby.

A.withB.for

C.ofD.against

19）Thenoun“tear”andtheverb“tear”are.

A.homophonesB.homographs

C.completehomonymsD.noneoftheabove

20）Thesentence“Johnlikesice-cream”containsarguments.

A.oneB.two

C.noneD.three

1）Theclassicsemantictrianglereflects.

A.thenamingtheoryB.theconceptualview

C.thecontextualistviewD.thebehavioristview

2）________concernswiththeinherentmeaningofthelinguisticform;it’sabstractandde-contextualized.

A.ReferenceB.Semantic

C.SenseD.noneoftheabove

3）Thesamewordmayhavemorethanonemeaning,whichiscalled.

A.synonymyB.homonymy

C.hyponymyD.polysemy

4）________analysisisawaytoanalyzesentencemeaning.

A.ComponentialB.Predication

C.SyntacticD.noneoftheabove

5）Whetherasentenceissemanticallymeaningfulisgovernedbyrulescalled.

A.selectionalrestrictionsB.grammaticalrules

C.phrasestructurerulesD.alloftheabove

6）Semanticscanbedefinedasthestudyof.

A.namingB.meaning

C.communicationD.context

7）Inthestudyofmeaning,theareinterestedinunderstandingtherelationsbetweenlinguisticexpressionsandwhattheyrefertointherealworld.

A.linguistsB.philosophers

C.psychologistsD.phoneticians

8）Thelinguisticissometimesknownasco-text.

A.contextB.situation

C.contextualizationD.situationofcontext

9）Bloomfielddrewonpsychologywhentryingtodefinethemeaningoflinguisticforms.

A.contextualB.conceptualist

C.behavioristD.naming

10）Senseandreferencearetworelateddifferentaspectsofmeaning.

A.butB.and

C.orD.aswellas

11）________meanswhatalinguisticformreferstointhereal,physicalWorld.

A.SenseB.Reference

C.MeaningD.Semantics

12）Dialectalsynonymsaresynonymsusedindifferentdialects.

A.personalB.regional

C.socialD.professional

13）Hyponymsofthesomeareco-hyponyms.

A.wordB.lexicalitem

C.superordinateD.hyponymy

14）Wordsthatareoppositeinmeaningare.

A.synonymsB.hyponyms

C.antonymsD.homophones

35）Anisalogicalparticipantinapredication.

A.argumentB.predicate

C.predicationD.agent

3.WordCompletion

1）Insemanticanalysis,istheabstractionofthemeaningofasentence.

2）________restrictionsareconstraintsonwhatlexicalitemscangowithwhatothers.

3）________analysisisbaseduponthebeliefthatthemeaningofawordcanbedividedintomeaningcomponents.

4）________isarelationofinclusion.

5）Forantonyms,itisamatterofeitheroneortheother.

6）Thereareoftenintermediateformsbetweenthetwomembersofapairof________antonyms.

7）Thevariousmeaningsofawordarerelatedtosomedegree.

8）Synonymswhichdifferinthewordstheygotogetherwitharecalledc________synonyms.

9）Linguisticformshavingthesamesensemayhavedifferentdifferentsituations.

10）________isconcernedwiththeint~erentmeaningofthelinguisticform.

11）________isbasedonthepresumptionthatonecanderivemeaningfromobservablecontexts.

12）Thereisnodirectlinkbetweenalinguisticformandwhatitreferstoaccordingthothe________view.

13）AccordingtoWittgenstein,foralargeclassofcases,themeaningofawordisits________inthelanguage.

14）Inthestudyofmeaning,_focustheirinterestonunderstandingthehumanmindthroughlanguage.

15）Accordingtothetheoryofmeaning,thewordsinalan-guagearetakentobeIobelsoftheobjectstheystandfor.

16）Autumnandfallaretwo.

17）ThewordsofEnglishareclassifiedintowordsand.

18）Hyponymy,alsoreferredtoassubordination,isarelationshipwhichobtainsbetween___and____.

19）“Father”and“son”are.

20）Inthesentencesofentailment,ifXistrue,Yis.

21）isconcernedwiththeinherentmeaningofthelinguisticform.

22）meanswhatalinguisticformreferstointhereal,physicalworld.

23）Thesameonewordmayhavemorethanonemeaning,thisiswhatwecalled________,andsuchawordiscalledword.

24）________referstothesenserelationbetweenamoregeneral,moreinclusivewordandamorespecificword.

25）Insemanticanalysisofasentence,thebasicunitiscalled.

26）NamefiveoftheassociativemeaningcategorizedbyLeech:

________________________________________.

27）Predicationanalysisistobreakdownpredicationsintotheirconstituents:

________and________.

28）Thesenserelationbetween“AlentabooktoB”and“BborrowedabookfromA”is.

29）Antonymslike“husband”vs.“wife”are________antonyms.

30）Termslike“desk”and“stool”areoftheterm“furniture”.

31）AccordingtoD.Leech,meaningreferstologic,cognitive,ordenotativecontent.

32）Weusethetermtorefertotherelationbetweenthefollowingtwosentences:

A.Jack’sbikeneedsreparing.

B.Jackhasabike.

33）Semanticambiguitycanbedividedintotwotypes:

________ambiguityand________ambiguity.

34）Inspiredbythemedievalgrammarians,OgdenandRichard（1923）presenttheclassic“semantictriangle”intheirbook________.

35）Aliveanddeadare_____antonyms,whileborrow/lend,over/underare________opposites.

36）________isconcernedwiththeinherentmeaningofthelinguisticform.

37）________isthefactthatwouldhavetoobtaininrealitytomakeapropositiontreeorfalse.

38）“Charge”and“accuse”aresaidtobe________synonyms.

39）Sentencemeaningisthecombinationofthemeaningsofthecomponentwordsand________.

40）________oppositesmaybeseenintermsofdegreesofqualityinvolved.

41）Predicationanalysisistobreakdownpredicationsintotheirconstituents:

and________.

42）________sentencesexpressjudgment.

43）Theambiguityofasentencemayarisefrom________and________.

44）“Mean”and“frugal”aresaidtobe________synonyms.

45）Wecalltherelationbetween“animal”and“cow”as________.

46）Thehyponymsunderthesamesuperordinatearecalled________.

47）“Wordsarenamesoflabelsforthings.”Thisviewiscalled________theoryinsemanticstudies.

48）“Wide/narrow”isanexampleof.

49）Husbandandwifeare________opposites.

50）Moonisa________ofsatellite.

4.TrueorFalseQuestions

1）Theconceptualistviewholdsthatther