高考英语阅读理解的综合复习.docx
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高考英语阅读理解的综合复习
一、高中英语阅读理解
1．阅读理解
Itstartedduringayogaclass.Shefeltastrangepullonherneck,afeelingcompletelyforeigntoher.Herfriendsuggestedsherushtotheemergencyroom.Itturnedoutthatshewashavingaheartattack.
Shedidn'tsharesimilarsymptomswithsomeonewhowaslikelytohaveaheartattack.Sheexercised,watchedherplateanddidnotsmoke.Butonreviewinghermedicalhistory,Ifoundthathercholesterol（胆固醇）levelwassky-high.Shehadbeenprescribedacholesterol-loweringstatin（他汀）medication,butsheneverpickeduptheprescriptionbecauseofthescarythingsshehadreadaboutstatinsontheInternet.Shewasthevictimoffakemedicalnews.
Whilemisinformationhasbeentheobjectofgreatattentioninpolitics,medicalmisinformationmightleadtoanincreaseindeaths.Asistruewithfakenewsingeneral,medicalliestendtospreadfurtherthantruthsontheInternet—andtheyhaveveryrealbadconsequences.
Falsemedicalinformationcanalsoleadtopatientsexperiencinggreatersideeffectsthroughthe"noceboeffect（反安慰剂效应）".Sometimespatientsbenefitfromanintervention（干预）simplybecausetheybelievetheywill—that'stheplaceboeffect（安慰剂效应）.Thenoceboeffectistheopposite.Patientscanexperienceharmfuleffectsbecausetheyanticipatethem.Thisisverytrueofstatins.Inblindedtrials,patientswhogetstatinsarenomorelikelytoreportfeelingmuscleachesthanpatientswhogetaplacebo.Yet,inclinicalpractice,accordingtoonestudy,almostafifthofpatientstakingstatinsreportsideeffects,leadingmanytodiscontinuethedrugs.
Whatelseisonthefakenewshitlist?
Asalways,vaccines（疫苗）.Falseconcernsthatthevaccinemaycausesideeffectshavegreatlyreducedcoveragerates.
Cancerisanotherbigtargetforpushersofmedicalmisinformation—manyofwhomrefusealternativetherapies."Thoughmostpeoplethinkcancertumorsarebad,they'reactuallythewayyourbodyattemptstocontaintheharmfulcells,"onefakenewsstoryreads.Itwarnsthatprescriptionmedicationsleadtotheuncontrolledcellmutations（变异）.
SiliconValleyneedstofacethisproblem.Iamnotafree-speechlawyer,butwhenhumanhealthisatrisk,perhapssearchengines,socialmediaplatformsandwebsitesshouldbeheldresponsibleforpromotingorhostingfakeinformation.Meanwhile,journalistsshoulddoabetterjobofspreadingaccurateinformation.
（1）WecanlearnfromParagraph2that________.
A. thewomanpaidlittleattentiontoherdailydiets
B. theunhealthylifestylemightleadtothewoman'sheartattack
C. thesymptomoftheheartattackwasfamiliartothewoman
D. thewomandidn'ttaketheprescriptionduetofakemedicalnews
（2）Accordingtothepassage,theplaceboeffectfunctionsbecausepatients________.
A. neglectnecessarytreatment
B. discontinuetheharmfuldrugs
C. believethebenefitsofanintervention
D. suffermoresideeffects
（3）Whatdoestheauthormeanbyclaimingthat"heisnotafree-speechlawyer"inthelastparagraph?
A. Heisalawyerveryeasytospeakto.
B. Heisgoodatspeakingbecauseofhisjob.
C. Heisavailabletogiveaspeechonthelaw.
D. Heisverycautiouswhenspeakingsomething
（4）Themainpurposeofthepassageisto________.
A. remindustotakemedicationasprescribed
B. warnusagainstfakemedicalnewsontheInternet
C. encouragejournaliststoreportmorepositivenewsevents
D. teachushowtodistinguishfakemedicalnewsontheInternet
【答案】
（1）D
（2）C
（3）D
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，通过举例来论证了网络谣言，尤其是关于药物的网络谣言有巨大的杀伤力。
（1）考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的”...,butsheneverpickeduptheprescriptionbecauseofthescarythingsshehadreadaboutstainsontheInternet."她从来没有拿过这个处方，因为她在网上看到关于他汀的可怕事情，可知，由于虚假的医疗信息，这名女子没有服用那个处方药。
故选D。
（2）考查细节理解。
根据第四段中的“Sometimespatientsbenefitfromaninterventionsimplybecausetheybelievetheywill—that'stheplaceboeffect.”有时患者从干预中获益仅仅是因为他们相信他们会——这就是安慰剂效应，可知，安慰剂效应的作用是因为患者相信干预的好处。
故选C。
（3）考查词义猜测。
根据最后一段中的“Iamnotafree-speechlawyer,butwhenhumanhealthisatrisk,perhapssearchengines,socialmediaplatformsandwebsitesshouldbeheldresponsibleforpromotingorhostingfakeinformation.”我不是一个言论自由的律师，但当人类健康受到威胁时，或许搜索引擎、社交媒体平台和网站应该为推广或提供虚假信息负责，可知，他不赞成随口造谣、传谣的，同时他说话很谨慎。
故选D。
（4）考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的“Asistruewithfakenewsingeneral,medicalliestendtospreadfurtherthantruthsontheInternet—andtheyhaveveryrealbadconsequences.”就像假新闻一样，医学上的谎言在网络上传播得比真相还远，而且后果非常严重；以及文章中的例子可知，全文的主要目的是通过举例来论证了网络谣言，尤其是关于药物的网络谣言有巨大的杀伤力，来教我们如何辨别网上的假医疗新闻。
故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
2．阅读理解
TheOutdoorCityAdventureBookFestival
ForoneweekinJuly,SheffieldCentralLibrarybecomesthecenterofadventureintheOutdoorCity.Checkoutsomeoftheevents.Mostofthemarefreebutearlybookingisrecommended.
July10
BeeQuest-AHuntfortheWorld'sMostElusive（难以捕捉的）BeesCentrallibraryCarpenterRoom,7:
00-8:
30pm.
Ahuntfortheworld'smostelusivebeesleadsProfessorDaveGoulsonfromPolandtoPatagonia,deepintotheEcuadorianJungle.Healsoexploresclosertohome.
Amongsecretplaceshiddenrightunderournosesandthroughhisscientificexpertise（专业知识）,showsusthatbeautyhidesinthemostsurprisingplaces.
July11
ClarionCall:
AHeartfeltTributetoSheffield'sAccessPioneers
CentrallibraryCarpenterRoom,10:
30-11:
30am.
Well-knownwalker,activistandcampaigner,TerryHowardtakesusbackahundredyearsandsharesthestoryoftheroleSheffieldersplayedinthefirstfightsforourrighttofreelywalkonthePeakDistrictmoors（旷野）.TheClarionRamblersisthoughttobethefirstworkingclasswalkingclub.Thisisthestoryoftheirimportantroleingainingustheaccessweallenjoytoday.
July12
TheWainwrightsinColorCentralLibraryCarpenterRoom,1:
30-2:
30pm.
InspiredbytheworkofthegreatAlfredWainwright,over10yearsAndyBeckhasreproducedinwatercolorall1,500picturesdrawninAPictorialGuidetotheLakelandFells.AndyspeaksabouthowthescenesintheLakeDistricthavechangedduringthelast50years.
July13
Craft（制作）YourOwnAdventureJournal-AWorkshopCentralLibraryReadingRoom,2:
00-3:
00pm,￡5.
Learnpapercrafttechniquestomakeyourownbeautifultraveljournal.Getadvicefromourexperttutoronusingoldphotosadventuresandholidays.
Collectingstoriesandmemoriesfromyour.
（1）Whicheventshouldyouchooseifyou'reinterestedinbees?
A. BeeQuest. B. ClarionCall.
C. TheWainwrightsinColor.
D. CraftYourOwnAdventureJournal.
（2）WhatdayistherighttimetosharethestoryofSheffielders?
A. July10. B. July11. C. July12. D. July13.
（3）WhatisspecialaboutCraftYourOwnAdventureJournal?
A. Itlaststhelongest.
B. Itneedsreservation.
C. Itcallsforadmissioncharges.
D. Itoffersthemostinterestingstories.
【答案】
（1）A
（2）B
（3）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了几个户外城市探险书展。
在七月的一个星期里，谢菲尔德中央图书馆成为户外城市的冒险中心。
这些事件，大部分都是免费的，但建议大家要提前预订。
（1）考查细节理解。
根据 July10部分中的”BeeQuest-AHuntfortheWorld'sMostElusive（难以捕捉的）BeesCentrallibraryCarpenterRoom“,可知，BeeQuest中可寻找世界上最难以捉摸的蜜蜂，如果你对蜜蜂感兴趣，可以到BeeQuest，故选A。
（2）考查细节理解。
根据July11部分中的”CentrallibraryCarpenterRoom,...Thisisthestoryoftheirimportantroleingainingustheaccessweallenjoytoday"可知，在7月11日的ClarionCall是分享谢菲尔德故事的最佳时机。
故选B。
（3）考查细节理解。
根据July13部分中的个"Craft（制作）YourOwnAdventureJournal-AWorkshopCentralLibraryReadingRoom,2:
00-3:
00pm,￡5."可知，在这个活动中，要收取费用5英镑。
而上文其他的活动中都不收取费用，这是这个活动与其他不同之处，故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。
3．阅读理解
Waterisanecessityoflife.Rain,especially,helpsplantsgrowandstaygreen.Buttoomuchrain,especiallyincities,canleadtoflooding.Thatcancausewastewatersystemstooverflowandsendpollutantsintoriversandotherwaterways.Tofighttheproblem,severalcitiesintheUnitedStatesarestartingprogramslikerooftopgardens.
AteamattheUniversityoftheDistrictofColumbiainthenation'scapitalhascreatedagardenonthetopofoneschoolbuilding.Thegardenholdsmanykindsofplantstohelpabsorbrainwaterandgrowfoodatthesametime.ArchitectDavidBellhasdesignedfive"greenroofs"fortheuniversity.Hesaysheisexcitedabouttheprojectbecause"itmeantdoingsomethingmorethanjustdealingwithstormwatermanagement.Ittookadvantageofaresourceabovethecityandtheseflatroofsthataren'tdoinganythingreallybecamesomethingthatwasabouturbanagriculture."Rainwateriscollectedinlargecontainersandsentthroughasystemthatwaterstherooftopgarden.Theroofisfilledwithgreenlifethatappealstoinsects.
Incities,"youdon'thavethatmanyspacestochoosefromandsorooftopsarejust（unused）space,"saysCaitlinArlotta.Sheisastudentintheschool'sUrbanAgricultureprogram.Theprojectispartofaresearchprogramtoseewhichplantsdowellonrooftops.Theresearchersarelookingatplantsincludingstrawberries,tomatoesandsweetpotatoes.Theuniversityalsohasothergreenspaces."Wealsohaveourownfarmexperiments,"Arlottasaid."Withineachofthosegrowingsystems,wewanttobeabletotellpeoplewhichsortsofthesecropsgrowthebest."
SandyFarberBandierhelpsrunUDC'sMasterGardenerprogram.ItseekstoimprovecitiesandmakethembeautifulbytrainingpeopletobecomeMasterGardeners.Shesaysshe'sbeensurprisedbythegard
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