逻辑简图1.docx

逻辑简图1.docx

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逻辑简图1

昨天做到南丁格尔那篇,感觉好难啊,虽然通篇读下来就知道说了些什么,每段的内容,但是后面的题目怎么都那么BT啊,全部都是要想了又想的,居然还是7道题!

我倒。

结果错了4道，看后面暴长的解释看的我头痛死了，迟迟都没法睡着。

其实不难，因为OG没在身边，我刚才专门下载了RC，找出这篇给你做个示范，怎么看，看什么，怎么找，找什么：

1）TworecentpublicationsofferdifferentassessmentofthecareerofthefamousBritishnurseFlorenceNightingale.（主题句，由此句和三段首句可知本文是结论解释型文章，即主要特点是总分式）AbookbyAnneSummers（观点之一）seekstodebunk（负评价的实义动词）theidealizationsandpresentareality（正评价词）atoddswithNightingale’sheroicreputation.AccordingtoSummers,Nightingale’simportanceduringtheCrimeanWar（和观点二比较的差别点）hasbeenexaggerated（负评价的实义动词）:

notuntilnearthewar’senddidshebecomesupervisorofthefemalenurses.Additionally,（递进副词，表示行文方向一致，因此后面内容可以略读，仅提炼关键词即可，或不读）Summerswritesthatthecontributionofthenursestothereliefofthewoundedwasatbestmarginal.Theprevailingproblemsofmilitarymedicinewerecausedbyarmyorganizaitonalpratices,andtheadditionofafewnursestothemedicalstaffcouldbenomorethansymbolic.Nightingale’splaceinthenationalpantheon,Summersasserts,islrgelyduetothepropagandisticeffortsofcontemporarynewspaperreporters.（以上略读）

2）Bycontrast（重要的强转折词，注意对比方/观点的差异点）,theeditors（对比观点二）ofanewvolumeofNightingale’slettersviewNightingaleasapersonwhosignificantlyinfluenced（正评价词）notonlyherownagebutalsosubsequenctgenerations.Theyhighlightherongoingeffortstoreformsanitaryconditionsafterthewar（观点二比较的差别点，和观点一中duringtheCrimeanWar对比，这一句是后面举例的总结句，重要，知道总结句可以不用看后面的例子。

）.Forexample,（举例通常可以略读，只提取例子中的关键词，如peacetimelivingconditions，举例的关键看前后的总结句，这里是forexample前面的一句话，因为例子都是用来说明总结句的，只要明白总结句的意思就行了。

）whensheleanredthatpeacetimelivingconditionsinBritishbarracksweresohorriblethatthedeathrateofenlistedmenfarexeededthatofneighboringcivilianpopulations,shesucceededinpersuadingthegovernmenttoestablishaRoyalCommissionontheHealthoftheArmy.Sheusedsumsraisedthroughpubliccontributionstofoundanurses’traninghospitalinLondon.Eveninadministrativematters,theeditorsassert,herpracticalintelligencewasformidable:

asrecentlyas1947theBritishArmy’smedicalserviceswerestillusingthecost-accountingsystemshehaddevisedinthe1860’s.（以上略读）

3）Ibelievethattheevidenceofherletterssupports（正评价词）continuedrespectforNightingale’sbrillianceandcreativity（正评价词）.（总结句后举例说明，提取关键字，略读）Whencounselingavillageschoolmastertoencouragechildrentousetheirfacultiesofobservation,shesoundslikeamoderneducator.Herinsistenceonclassifyingtheproblemsoftheneedyinordertodeviseappropriatetreatmentsissimilartotheapproachofmodernsocialworkers.（以上略读）Insum（文章最后一句话通常要仔细读，此处为总结句）,although（让步略读，重点是让步后的转折句）NightingalemaynothaveachievedallofhergoalsduringtheCrimeanWar,herbreadthofvisionandabilitytorealizeambitiousprojectshaveearned（正评价词）heraneminent（正评价词）placeamongtheranksofsocialpioneers.（重点读，表明作者对以上两个不同观点的评述）

题目：

注意我怎么定位的，题干、选项和原文原句的对应线索我用相同颜色标注，题干中的定位依据的关键词我用下划线标注：

73.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithevaluating

（A）theimportanceofFlorenceNightingale’sinnovationsinthefieldofnursing

（B）contrastingapproachestothewritingofhistoricalbiography

（C）contradictoryaccountsofFlorenceNightingale’shistoricalsignificance

（D）thequalityofhealthcareinnineteenth-centuryEngland

（E）theeffectoftheCrimeanWarondevelopmentsinthefieldofhealthcare

主题题，直接定位首段首句主题句：

TworecentpublicationsofferdifferentassessmentofthecareerofthefamousBritishnurseFlorenceNightingale

74.Accordingtothepassage,theeditors（定位在观点二出现段）ofNightingale’sletterscredit（正评价的实义动词，将定位进一步限制在观点二中的正评价处，即找贡献）herwithcontributingtowhichofthefollowing?

（A）ImprovingofthesurvivalrateforsoldiersinBritishArmyhospitalsduringtheCrimeanWar（时间状语为观点一的内容，观点二的比较点在afterthewar，大胆排除）

（B）Thedevelopmentofanurses’trainingcurriculum（原文未出现，排除）thatwasfarinadvanceofitsday

（C）Theincreaseinthenumberofwomendoctors（原文未出现，排除）practicinginBritishArmyhospitals

（D）Establishmentofthefirst（极端词文章没有，选项出现，排除！

）facilityfortraiingnursesatamajorBritishuniversity

（E）ThecreationofanorganizationformonitoringthepeacetimelivingconditionsofBritishsoldiers

原文对应：

shesucceededinpersuadingthegovernmenttoestablishaRoyalCommissionontheHealthoftheArmy.

直接事实题，定位在2）段，forexample后具体内容中，此题重点在于对于文中未出现的信息的果断排除，千万不要超出文章半步的猜测。

75.ThepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutNightingale’srelationshipwiththeBritishpublic（定位在二段举例中，观点一或其他段落未谈到）ofherday?

（A）Shewashighlyrespected,herprojectsreceivingpopularandgovernmentalsupport.

（B）Sheencounteredresistancebothfromthearmyestablishmentandthegeneralpublic.

（C）Shewassupportedbytheworkingclassesandopposedbythewealthierclasses.

（D）Shewassupportedbythemilitaryestablishmentbuthadtofightthegovernmentalbureaucracy.

（E）Afterintiallybeingreceivedwithenthusiams,shewasquicklyforgotten.

Sheusedsumsraisedthroughpubliccontributionstofoundanurses’traninghospitalinLondon.原文中唯一有public这个词的句子只有一处，确定无疑。

76.ThepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutsanitaryconditionsinBritainaftertheCrimeanWar（重要的定位依据，说明是观点二的内容，所以我以前说，对题干的提炼一定要注意，即使只是一个时间状语）?

（A）Whilenotideal,theyweresuperiortothoseinotherpartsoftheworld.

（B）Comparedwithconditionsbeforethewar,theyhaddeteriorated.

（C）Theyweremoreadvancedinruralareasthanintheurbancenters.

（D）Theywereworseinmilitarycampsthanintheneighboringcivilianpopulations.

（E）TheywereunifromalycrudeandunsatisfactorythroughoutEngland.

（Theyhighlightherongoingeffortstoreformsanitaryconditionsafterthewar.Forexample,）whensheleanredthatpeacetimelivingconditionsinBritishbarracksweresohorriblethatthedeathrateofenlistedmenfarexeededthatofneighboringcivilianpopulations,....

77.WhichofthefollowingstatementsregardingthedifferinginterpretationsofNightingale’simportancewouldtheauthormostlikelyagree（定位于作者的观点，作者观点的总结句，而不是文中提到的两个观点）?

（A）SummersmisunderstoodboththeimportanceofNightingale’sachievementsduringtheCrimeanWarandhersubsequentinfluenceonBritishpolicy.

（B）TheeditorsofNightingale’slettersmadesomevalidpointsaboutherpracticalachievements,buttheystillexaggeratedherinfluenceonsubsequentgenrations.

（C）AlthoughSummers’accountofNightingale’sroleintheCrimeanWarmaybeaccurate,sheignoredevidenceofNightingales’subsequentachievementthatsuggeststhatherreputationasaneminentsocialreformeriswelldeserved.

定位于文末最后一句，关于作者对两个观点的总结句：

Insum,althoughNightingalemaynothaveachievedallofhergoalsduringtheCrimeanWar（观点一内容）,herbreadthofvisionandabilitytorealizeambitiousprojectshaveearnedheraneminentplaceamongtheranksofsocialpioneers.

（D）TheeditorsofNightingale’slettersmistakenlypropagatedtheoutdatedidealizationofNightingalethatonlyimpedesattemptstoarriveatabalanceassessmentofhertruerole.

（E）TheevidenceofNightingale’sletterssupportsSummers’conclusionsbothaboutNightingale’sactivitiesandaboutherinfluence.

78.Whichofthefollowingisanassumptionunderlyingtheauthor’sassessmentofNightingale’screativity（定位关键词，三段首句中，所以读原文注意评价词！

）?

（A）EducationalphilosophyinNightingale’sdaydidnotnormallyemphasizedevelopingchildren’sabilitytoobserve.

Whencounselingavillageschoolmastertoencouragechildrentousetheirfacultiesofobservation,shesoundslikeamoderneducator.

（B）NightingalewasthefirsttonoticethepoorlivingconditionsinBritishmilitarybarracksinpeacetime.

（C）NoeducatorbeforeNightingalehadthoughttoenlistthehelpofvillageshcoolmastersinintroducingnewteachingtechniques.

（D）UntilNightingalebeganherwork,therewasnoconceptoforganizedhelpfortheneedyinnineteenth-centuryBritain.

（E）TheBritishArmy’smedicalserviceshadnocost-accountingsystemuntilNightingaledevisedoneinthe1860’s.

本题注意细节的排除，坚决按照原文信息！

原文未出现的信息坚决不能选！

尤其注意极端词汇！

（以上选项中划线部分都是排除的依据）

79.Inthelastparagraph（直接定位）,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith

（A）summarizingtheargumentsaboutNightingalepresentedinthefirsttwoparagraphs

（B）refutingtheviewofNightingale’scareerpresentedintheprecedingpargraph

（C）analyzingtheweaknessesoftheevidencepresentedelsewhereinthepassage

（D）citingevidencetosupportaviewofNightingale’scareer

（E）correctingafactualerroroccurringinoneoftheworksunderreview

段落作用题，需要建立在框架把握的基础上，第三段和前两段的关系如何？

从首句或末句判断。

IbelievethattheevidenceofherletterssupportscontinuedrespectforNightingale’sbrillianceandcreativity.

以上的答案是我刚做的,如果有不对的,请MM给我指出来.

按照XDF老师传授的方法,第一遍读完,我会做这样的总结（XDF老师叫做"逻辑简图",携隐看看,其实简单的框架图就好,不用花太多时间像你以前那样总结.）

逻辑简图

1）对N贡献评价有两个不同观点+第一个观点:

TS（主题句）,AS（AnneSummers）,duringtheCrimeanWar,exaggerated（—）

2）第二个观点：

Bycontrast,Editors,significantlyinfluenced（+）,afterthewar,forexamples

3）作者的观点：

Ibelieve....supports（+）...brillianceandcreativity（+）.Insum，eminent（+）

这种逻辑简图简单实用，其实就是总结每段的段意、段内标志文章承转起合的重要的连接词、态度词，帮助你了解文章框架，把握重要的由连接词引出的出题点。

另：

从本文你可以看出，一定要培养对关键的连词和作者态度词的重视和敏感！

我平常的阅读大致如此,是按照XDF老师的方法,每一遍的总结侧重不同,但最后读文章答题时就是这样的读法和思路,等于现场做一个示范,帮助大家了解我所说的读文章框架+定位+题干和原文的对应是怎么一回事.其他文章一个道理,希望能够拿上面的分析好好过一过,如果对你们的阅读有所帮助,也不枉我一片苦心啊~

如果这么做下来，大家还觉得阅读难，那mumuJJ可黔驴技穷拉~