词汇学考试.docx

词汇学考试.docx

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词汇学考试

•Lexicologyisthestudyofthestructure,usage,originsandmeaningsofwords.

EnglishlexicologystudiesEnglishwordsindifferentaspectsandfromdifferentangles.

•Naturalists（自然派）—thereisanaturalconnectionbetweenthesoundandmeaningofwords.

•Conventionalists（习惯派）—sound-meaningconnectionisakindoflinguisticsocialcontract.

•Define“word”

•Aformthatcanfunctionaloneinasentence.

•Aunitofmeaning;

•Asoundunity;

•Aminimalfreeformofalanguage

•OriginofEnglishWords见书5

•Nativewords本族词Anglo-Saxonwords

•Borrowedwords/loanwords外来词

•Whatfeaturesdothesewordshave?

•FormthebasicstockofEnglishlanguage

•mostfrequentlyused

•Denotethecommonestthingsnecessaryforlife

•Acquiredearliestbychildren

•Denotethemostbasicthingsinlanguage

•MorphologicalStructureandWordFormation见本

•Morpheme；thesmallestmeaningfulunitinalanguage.

•Affix；aformthatisattachedtoamorphemetomodifymeaningorfunction.

•Root；thebasicformofawordwhichcannotbefurtheranalyzedwithouttotallossofidentity.

•WordandVocabulary

•Inordertoimprovemyreadingcomprehensionability,Ineedtoenlargemy________.

learnmore________.

•Vocabulary

•Thetotalnumberofthewordsinalanguage.

•Allthewordsusedinaparticularperiod.

•Allthewordsofagivendialect.

•Allthewordspossessedbyaperson.

•Allthewordsofagivendiscipline.

•Featuresofnativewords

•FormthebasicstockofEnglishlanguage

•mostfrequentlyused

•Denotethecommonestthingsnecessaryforlife

•Acquiredearliestbychildren

•Denotethemostbasicthingsinlanguage

•BasicWordStockand

NonbasicVocabulary

基本词汇和非基本词汇-----Thecommoncoreofthelanguage.如

•Rain,snow,fire,water,sun,moon,spring,summer,wind,hill;

•Head,foot,hand,face,father,mother,son

•Apple,tree,horse,cow,cat,dog,sheep

•Come,go,eat,beat,carry,old,young

•One,ten,hundred,I,you,who,but,as,till

•CharacteristicsofBasicWordStock

•Allnationalcharacter全民性

•Stability稳定性

•Productivity能产性

•Polysemy多义性

•NonbasicVocabulary非基本词汇

•Terminology术语technicaltermsusedinparticulardisciplinesandacademicares

•Jargon行话specializedwordsusedbymembersofparticularartssciences,tradesandprofessionsamongthemselves

•slang俚语sub-standardwords

•argot黑话jargonofcriminals

•Theword‘limitless’containstwo_____.

•A.affixes

•B.roots

•C.morphemes

•Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?

•Awordisthesmallestformoflanguage

•Awordisasoundunity.

•Awordhasagivenmeaning.

•Awordcanbeusedfreelyinasentence.

•Accordingtosemanticists,awordisaunitof______.

•A.soundsB.meaning

•C.formD.function

•Awordisa_____thatstandsforsomethingelseintheworld.

•A.symbolB.system

•C.structureD.pattern

•Wordformation:

•affixation词缀法Theprocessbywhichwordsareformedbyaddingaffixestoaroot。

（Prefixation前缀法，Suffixation后缀法）例见本

•Prefixation前缀法见本

•Suffixation后缀法

•eer,（engineer,profiteer）

•ess,（hostess,priestess）

•ette,（cigarette,kitchenette）

•let,（booklet,leaflet）

•age,（mileage,wastage）

•dom,（kingdom,officialdom）

•ery,（slavery,machinery）

•hood,（childhood,manhood）

•ing,（farming）

•ism,（terrorism）

•ship,（friendship,sportsmanship）

•ant,（assistant,informant）

•ee,（employee,trainee）

•ent,（respondent,dependent）

•er,or,（worker,translator,）

•al,（dismissal,survival）

•ance,（attendance,performance）

•tion,sion,（protection,decision）

•ence,（existence,correspondence）

•ment,（movement,judgement）

•ity,（popularity,activity）

•ness,（happiness,largeness）

•ese,（Japanese,Lebanese）

•an,（Australian,Elizabethan）

•ist,（socialist,violinist）

•Conversion转类法Amethodofusingwordsofonepartofspeechasthoseofadifferentpartofspeech.

•Nounattribute见书21Dangerzone危险区Depthcharge深水炸弹Adepartmentdecision部门作出的决定Impulsebuying凭一时的冲动买东西

•Nountoverb,verbtonoun见书22-26Thenewspapersheadlinedhislongrecordofaccomplishments.Hewasadmittedtotheuniversityafterathree-yearwait.Thisfilmisaremake.

•Adjectivetonoun，书31-34Partialconversion，Completeconversion（

•Wecan’tstomachsuchainsult.

•RobertAchesonroomedrightnexttome.

•Hewolfeddownhislunch.

•I’moneofhisfamiliars.

•Poorinnocents!

•Theengineersahedandouchedatthenewmachines.

•HeHamletedthechanceandthenregrettedforit.

•Theseshoeswereanexcellentbuy.

•Theyliftedtheriflesandhithiminthesmalloftheback.）

•Composition/Compounding见书34-44Aprocessofword-formationbywhichtwoormoreindependentwordsareputtogethertomakeoneword.（CompoundnounCompoundadjectiveCompoundverb）

•Well-balanced平衡了的Dog-eat-dog狗咬狗的Cross-question盘问

•Blending拼缀法见书4