广州二模英语卷.docx

广州二模英语卷.docx

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广州二模英语卷

2018广州二模英语卷

D

calfmusclestoourheelbones—andwhichhavenothingtodowithwalking.Whenwerun,thesetendonsbehavelikesprings,helpingtopushusforward.Furthermore,wehavelow,wideshouldersvirtuallydisconnectedfromourskulls（颅骨）,aphysicaldevelopmentwhichallowsustorunmoreefficiently.

Butwhatevolutionaryadvantageisgainedfrombeinggoodlong-distancerunners?

Perhapsitpermittedearlyhumanstoobtainfoodmoreeffectively."Whatthesefeaturesandfactsappeartobetellingusisthatrunningevolvedinorderforourdirectancestorstocompetewithothermeat-eatinganimalsforaccesstotheproteinneededtogrowthebigbrainsthatweenjoytoday,"saysLieberman.Somescientistsputforwardthetheorythatearlyhumanschasedanimalsforgreatdistancesinordertoexhaustthembeforekillingthem.

"Researchonthehistoryofhumans'abilitytomovehastraditionallybeencontroversial,"saysLieberman."Attheveryleast,Ibelievethistheorywillmotivatemanyresearcherstoreevaluateandfurtherinvestigatehowhumanslearnedtorunandwalkandwhywearebuiltthewayweare."

28.Inparagraph1,whatdothetwoprofessorssuggestabouthumans'abilitytorun?

A.Itisanevolutionaryby-productofwalking.

B.Ithelpstoformpeople'sabilitytoclimbtrees.

C.Ithasplayedanimportantroleinhumanevolution.

D.Ithasnotbeenadequatelystudiedbyscientistsbefore.

29.Whatistrueaboutthephysicalcharacteristicsexaminedbytheprofessors?

A.Achillestendonsassistpeopletowalklongdistances.

B.Thehumanskullhelpspeopletorunmoreefficiently.

C.people'sshouldersallowthemtolookfromsidetoside.

D.Thenuchalligamentenablespeopletoholdtheirheadsteady.

30.Accordingtoparagraph3,scientistsbelievethatearlyhumans_________.

A.alwayscameacrossdangeroussituationsinlife

B.ranafteranimalsforlongdistanceswhenhunting

Coftenfailedtofindfoodbecausetheycouldn'trunfast

Ddevelopedtheirhuntingskillsbyrunninglongdistances

31.ProfessorLiebermanthinksthenewtheorywill_________.

Acompletelyexplainhowrunningdeveloped

Brevolutionizethetheoryofhumanevolution

C.encouragemorein-depthstudiesonthetopic

D.bewidelysupportedwithinthescientificcommunity

D

Scientistshavesolvedthemysteryofwhytheoverwhelmingmajorityofmammothfossils（化石）aremale.

Muchlikewildelephantstoday,youngmaleIceAgemammothsprobablytravelledaroundaloneandmoreoftengotthemselvesintoriskysituationswheretheyweresweptintorivers,orfellthroughiceorintomud,lakesorsinkholesthatpreservedtheirbonesforthousandsofyears,scientistssay.

Females,ontheotherhand,travelledingroupsledbyanoldermatriarchwhoknewthelandscapeanddirectedhergroupawayfromdanger.

"Withoutthebenefitoflivinginaherdledbyanexperiencedfemale,malemammothshadamuchhigherriskofdyinginnaturaltrapssuchasmudholes,rockcracksandlakes,"saidco-authorLoveDalenoftheSwedishMuseumofNaturalHistoryinareportpublishedonThursdayinthejournalCurrentBiology.

Thestudyusedgeneticdatatodeterminethesexof98woollymammothfossilsinSiberiaResearchersfoundthat69%ofthesamplesweremale,aheavilyunbalancedsexratio,assumingthatthesexeswerefairlyevenatbirth

"Wewereverysurprisedbecausetherewasnoreasontoexpectasexbiasinthefossilrecord,"saidfirstauthorPatriciaPecnerova,alsooftheSwedishMuseumofNaturalHistory.

Therefore,researchersbelievethatsomethingaboutthewaytheylivedinfluencedthewaytheydied.

Mostbones,tusks,andteethfrommammothsandotherIceAgeanimalshaven'tsurvived,"explainedDalen

"ItishighlylikelythattheremainsthatarefoundinSiberiathesedayshavebeenpreservedbecausetheyhavebeenburied,andthusprotectedfromweathering."

Thesegiant,tuskedplanteatersdisappearedabout4,000yearsago.Whilethereisnoscientificagreementaboutthecausesoftheirdisappearancefromtheplanet,mostbelievethatclimatechange,excessivehuntingbyhumansandthespreadofotheranimalsintomammothfeedinggroundswereinfluentialfactors.

32.Theunderlinedword"matriarch"inparagraph3means_______.

A.figureheadB.femaleleader

CexperiencedanimalD.maturemammoth

33.Whydothemajorityofmammothfossilscomefrommaleanimals?

A.Scientistsfinditeasiertostudymalefossilisedbones.

B.Thereweremoremalemammothsincomparisontofemales

CMalemammothswerebetterabletoadapttothechangingcircumstances.

D.Malemammothsmorefrequentlydiedinplaceswherefossilscouldform.

34.Whichofthefollowingissuggestedasareasonformammothsdyingout?

A.Theincreasingcompetitionforfood.

B.Thecoolingoftheearth'stemperature.

C.Thedisappearanceofmalemammoths.

DTheriskybehaviourofyoungermammoths.

35.Whatisthetexttypeofthepassage?

A.Anewspaperarticle.B.Anacademicessay.

C.Ahistoricaldescription.D.Asciencefictionstory.

第二节（共5小题：

每小题2分，满分10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

Marywentthroughapersonalexperience40yearsagothatchangedherlifepathandestablishedherconnectionwithChineseherbalmedicine.

Stillchildlessafter13yearsofmarriage,Marylongedtobecomeamother.Foryearsshetravelledfromcountrytocountryandvisitedtopexpertsinthefield,butwithoutsuccess._____36_____.However,herChineseherbalistgrandmothergaveherhopethroughaherbaltreatment.

Afterthreeandahalfyearsshebecamepregnant.______37_______Theexpectantmother’sdelightwassharedbytherestofherfamilytoo.Thiswasthepointwhenshemadeuphermindtocarryonhergrandmother’sworkanddevoteherlifetoherbalmedicineresearch,developmentandpromotion.Tothisend,sheinvestedinalargeherbalgardeninthesuburbsofJakarta,wheremorethan30,000plantsaregrown.______38________.

Throughtheapplicationofgreateffortandresourcesovermany,manyyears,Mary’scareerhasdevelopedvigorously,ashashergarden._____39______Whenshewasaskedwhetheriswasworthwhiletohavedevotedsomuchofherlifetothisresearch,shefirmlyresponded,“WhatIhavedoneistofulfillapromiseIoncemade.Moreimportantly,IwanttobringChineseherbalmedicinetoallthoseinneed._____40_____”

A.Morethan7,000ofthesecanbeusedasmedicines.

B.Themomentthenewswasconfirmed,sheburstintotearsofhappiness.

C.Ibelieveitcanhelprelievepainandenablethesicktoregaintheirhopeoflife.

D.MarydecidedtomakegreatcontributionstothedevelopmentofChinesemedicine.

E.Theheartbreakanddisappointmentwassogreatthatshecameclosetogivingup.

F.I’msohappythatthelocalpeopleliketouseChinesemedicinefortreatment.

G.Althoughsheisnow80yearsold,sheisstillcommittedtothestudyofChineseherbalmedicine

第三部分英语知识运用（共两节,满分45分）

第一节（共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分）

阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑

Thewayinwhichchildrenlearnisanever-growingareaofstudy.Itis41thatchildrendifferfromadultlearnersinmanyways,butwhatisinterestingisthattherearealsoquiteanumberofunexpected42acrosslearnersofallages

Formuchofthe20thcentury,mostpsychologists43thetraditionaltheorythatanewbornsmindisa/an44sheetofpaperuponwhichtherecordofexperienceisgraduallyimpressed.Duringthattime,scientistsbelievedthatoral45wasnecessaryforabstractthought.Inits46,scientistsassumedthatababycouldnothave47ofabstractconcepts.Asbabiesarebornwitha/an48rangeofbehaviorsandspendmostoftheirearlymonthssleeping,theycertainlyappearpassiveand49.Therefore,itwascommonlythoughtthatbabies50theabilitytoformcomplexideas.Untilrecently,therewasnoobviouswayforbabiestoproveanythingtothe___51___totheresearcher

Intime,however,challengestothis52arose.Itbecameclearthatwith53designedscientificprocedures,psychologistscouldfindwaysto54rathercomplexquestionabouthowmuchinfantsandyoungchildrenknowandwhat55theyhave.Psychologistsbegantoemploynewmethodsto56alargeamountofdataabouttheremarkableabilitiesthatyoungchildren57.Theirresearchfindingsstoodingreatcontrasttotheearlier58inthefieldthatfocusedalmost59onwhatchildrenlacked.The60ofyoungchildrencametolifethroughthisresearch.Itbecameclearthatveryyoungchildrenarebothcompetentandactivewhenitcomestotheirmentaldevelopment.

41.AdoubtfulB.necessaryCobviousD.surprising

42.A.examplesB.personalitiesCpossibilitiesD.commontabilities

43.AacceptedB.resistedC.studiedDreplaced

44.A.accessibleBblankC.concreteD.dark

45.A.agreementB.communicationC.suggestionD.treatment

46.AabsenceB.disappearanceC.returnD.sense

47.AadaptionB.burdenC.comprehensionD.satisfaction

48.A.averagedB.unexpectedC.limitedDreasonable

49.A.confidentBunbelievableC.lovelyD.unaware

50.A.learnB.requireC.lackD.remember

51.AcontraryBgoodC.equalD.truth

52.A.actionB.proofC.problemD.view

53.AautomaticallyBcarefullyC.naturallyD.similarly

54.A.takeawayB.showoffC.turndownDputforward

55.AadvantagesB.abilitiesCfeelingsD.reasons

56.A.collectB.markC.restrictDsupport

57.A.findB.processCrecognizeD.lose

58.A.scientistsBquestionsC.studiesD.traditions

59.A.entirelyBhighlyCrelativelyD.slightly

60.A.differenceB.focusC.ideaD.mind

第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

阅读下面材料，在空白处填人适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Throughouthistory,peoplehavethoughtoftheoceanasadiverse