高中语法定语从句.docx

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高中语法定语从句.docx

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高中语法定语从句.docx

高中语法定语从句

定语从句

①that/which/who/whom/whose等关系代词引导

②when/where/why等关系副词引导

限定性③介词+which引导

①which引导

非限定性②as引导

③when/where/who等引导

用来说明主句中某一名词或代词(有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分)而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。

一、关系代词引导的定语从句

1.关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词

句子成分 用于限制从句或非限制性从句  只用于限制性从句

代替人代替物      代替人或物

主语 Who       which       that

主语 Whom       which       that

宾语 Whose(=ofwhom)whose(=ofwhich)

ThisisthedetectivewhocamefromLondon.

ThebookwhichIamreadingiswrittenbyTomasHardy.

Thedeskwhoselegisbrokenisveryold.

ThisistheroomthatShakespearewasbornin.

2.关系代词的用法

只能用that

(1)如果先行词是all,much,anything,something,nothing,everything,little,none等不定代词,关系代词一般只用that,不用which.例如:

Allthepeoplethatarepresentburstintotears.

(2)如果先等词被形容词最高级以及first,last,any,only,few,mush,no,some,very等词修饰,关系代词常用that,不用which,who,或whom.

(3先行词有两个,一个指人,一个指物,关系代词应该用that.例如:

Theboyandthedogthatareinthepictureareverylovely.

(4)主句是以who,which开头的特殊疑问句

不能用that

(1非限制性定语从句中,不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。

例如:

Thereareaboutsevenmillionpeopletakingpartintheelection,mostofwhom、arewelleducated.

(2)介词+关系代词结构中

(3)当先行词指时间、地点、原因时,如果关系代词在从句中作状语,用when,where,why

作宾语、主语,which/that

其他:

1which还有一种特殊用法,它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句,代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。

在这种从句中,which可以作主语,也可以作宾语或表语,多数情况下意思是与andthis相似,并可以指人。

例如:

Hesucceededinthecompetition,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.

2)hat可指人或物,在从句中作表语,(指人作主语时多用who)仅用于限制性定语从句中。

3)which可作表语,既可指人,以可指物。

指人时,一般指从事某种职业或是有种特征。

品性或才能的人。

Which引导的定语从句可以限制性的,也可以是非限制性的。

4)如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体,关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员,则用who.

5)如果先行词是anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,关系代词应该用who或whom,不用which.例如:

Isthereanyoneherewhowillgowithyou?

3介词+关系代词”是一个普遍使用的结构

(1)“介词+关系代词”可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句。

“介词+关系代词”结构中的介词可以是in,on,about,from,for,with,toat,of,without等,关系代词只可用whom或which,不可用that.

(2)fromwhere为“介词+关系副词”结构,但也可以引导定语从句。

例如:

Westoodatthetopofthehill,fromwherewecanseethetown…

(3)像listento,lookat,dependon,payattentionto,takecareof等固定短语动词,在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。

例如:

Thisistheboywhomshehastakencareof.

二、关系副词引导的定语从句

1.关系副词也可以引导定语从句

关系副词在从句中分别表示时间。

地点或原因。

关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语,where充当地点状语,why充当原因状语。

2.that可引导定语从句表示时间。

地点或原因

That有时可以代替关系副词when,where或者why引导定语从句表示时间。

地点或原因,在that引导的这种定语从句中,that也可以省去。

三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

1.二者差异比较

限制定语从句紧跟先行词,同先行词这间一般不加逗号,仅修饰先行词,可以由关系代词。

关系副词或that来引导。

非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明,用逗号与主句隔开,既可修饰先行词,又可修饰整个主句,不可用that引导。

2.关系代词和关系副词的选择依据

(1)弄清代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分,作状语的应选用关系副词,作主语。

宾语或表语的可选用关系代词。

3.先行词与定语从句隔离

定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后,但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分,构成先行词与定语从句的隔离。

例如:

1)ThisisthearticlewrittenbyhimthatIspoketoyouabout……

2)Hewastheonlypersoninthiscountrywhowasinvited

四、as在定语从句中的用法

1.引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

(1)as多与such或thesame连用,可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。

(2)as也可单独使用,引导非限制性定语从句,作用相当于which.例如:

Theelephant'snoseislikeasnake,asanybodycansee.

(3)thesame---that与thesame---as在意思上是不同的。

2.as引导的非限制性定语从句的位置

as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活,可以位于主句前面。

中间或后面,一般用逗号与主句隔开,但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。

例如:

(1)Asisexpected,theEnglandteamwonthefootballmatch.

(2)Theearthrunsaroundthesun,asisknownbyeveryone.

3.as,which的比较

1).在非限制性定语从句中,均可替代整个主句或句中某个部分,在从句中作主语,宾语,表语.如从句在主句之后,两者皆可用

Theyfailedintheexam,as/whichisnatural.

Sheseemsascientist,as/whichinfactsheis.

Grammarisnotasetofdeadrules,which/asIhavesaidbefore.

2).如从句在主句之前,用as

Asweallknow,hisparentswerekilledinthiswar.

Asisknowntoall,theearthtravelsaroundthesun.

3).如关系代词代表主句全句意思,有“正如...”“就象...”之意时,用as

Wewonthematch,aswehadexpected.

Heagreedtotheplan,aswastobeexpected.

4).当先行项被thesame,such,so修饰时,用as

Thisisthesamebookasyouboughtyesterday.同类书(比较:

Thisisthe

samebookthatyouboughtyesterday.同一本书)

Don’tbelieveinsuchmenaspraiseyoutoyourface.

Inevergivemystudentssodifficultaquestionasnoonecanworkout.

5).当从句内容对主句内容起消极作用,则用which

Theyoungmancheatedhisfriendoutofmuchmoney,whichwasdisgraced.

6).as也可以用来引导非限制性定语从句,用来指待一件事,这时它的位置可以放在句首、句中和句尾。

HeisanAmerican,as/whichweknowfromhisaccent.

Asweknowfromhisaccent,heisanAmerican.

He,asweknowfromhisaccent,isanAmerican.

Ashasbeensaidabove,grammarisnotasetofdeadrules.

Grammar,ashasbeensaidabove,isnotasetofrules.

Grammarisnotasetofdeadrules,as/whichhasbeensaidabove.

正如:

Aseveryoneknows,asyoumaystillremember,asyousaid,asIcansee,ashasbeenmentionedabove,asyoumayhaveheard,andetc.

单项选择(定语从句)

1.InEnglish,wordsarenotalwaysspelled_____theysound.

A.justsameB.thesameasC.thewayD.bytheway

2.Haveyouseenthefilm“Titanic”,_____leadingactorisworldfamous?

A.itsB.it’sC.whoseD.which

3._____isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.

A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What

4.I’mluckyenoughtofindthesameknife_____Ilostyesterday.

A.whichB.whatC.likeD.as

5.Alloftheflowersnowraisedherehavedevelopedfromthose_____intheforest.

A.oncetheygrewB.theygrewonceC.thatoncegrewD.oncegrew

Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome_____Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfarawayvillage.

A.UntilB.thatC.whenD.where

Informationhasbeenputforward_____moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversity.

A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as

8.Itwasanexcitingmomentforthesefootballfansthisyear,_____forthefirsttimeinyearstheirteamwontheWorldCup.

A.thatB.whileC.whichD.when

9.----Isthatthesmalltownyouoftenreferto?

----Right,justtheone_____youknowIusedtoworkforyears.

A.thatB.whichC.whereD.what

10.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,_____ofgreatimportancetoscience.

A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkwhichis

11.Frank’sdreamwastohavehisownshop____toproducetheworkingsofhisownhands.

A.thatB.inwhichC.bywhichD.how

12.Thatwastheonlygate_____wecouldrushoutandsavethose_____wereingreatdanger.

A.that;whichB.which;whoC.throughwhich;whoD.atwhich;who

13.CarlsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,_____personallyIdoubtverymuch.

A.itB.thatC.whenD.which

14.Theschoolthemselvesadmitthatnotallchildrenwillbesuccessfulinthejobs_____theyarebeingtrained.

A.inthatB.forthatC.inwhichD.forwhich

15.Hesaid_____hissisterhadpassedtheentranceexaminationofcollege,and_____shewouldgotocollegeinabout20days.

A.that;/B.that;thatC./;/D.that;which

16.This“designer”salmon(鲑)growstoamarketablesizein_____naturalsalmonsgrow.

A.thehalftimeB.halfthetimeC.thetimehalfD.halftimethe

17.Thefamousbasketballstar,_____triedtomakeacomeback,attractedalotofattention.

A.whereB.whenC.whichD.who

18._____isknowntousallisthatAmericaisadevelopedcountry_____theFirstWorld.

A.Which;belongedtoB.As;belongedtoC.What;belongingtoD.It,belongingto

19.Thisisthethirdtime_____here.

A.IhadbeenB.IwasC.IhavebeenD.Iwillbe

20.TheseancientIndiansusedtolivein_____isnowapartoftheUnitedStates.

A.whereB.theplaceC.whichD.what

21.Isthereagasstationaround_____Icangetsomepetrol?

A.whichB.whatC.whereD.that

22.Ihavemanyfriends,_____somearebusinessmen.

A.ofthemB.fromwhomC.whoofD.ofwhom

23.Thecaptainstoodbythewindow,_____hecouldseethetopofthetower.

A.whereB.fromwhichC.fromwhereD.which

24.“Keepone’sword”meansyoudo_____youhavetoldsomeone_____youwoulddo.

A.that;thatB.that;whatC.what;thatD.what;what

25.Thecostofsalesmakesupalargepartofthepricesthat_____.

A.arepaidforallproductsB.allproductsarepaid

C.forwhichallproductsarepaidD.forallproductspaid

26.----Isithightimethatwe_____ontheschoolbuilding?

----Yes,it_____.

A.dosomerepairs;isB.dosomerepair;isC.didsomerepairs;isD.didsomerepair;was

27.Thisistheveryknife_____Iusedtocutapplesyesterday.

A.thatB.bywhichC.whichD.withwhich

28.Therearetwosmallroomsinthehouse,_____servesasakitchen

A.thesmallerofwhichB.thesmallestofwhichC.thesmallerofthemD.thesmallerone

29.Isthiswatch_____youwishtohave_____?

A.theone;itrepairedB.that;repaireditC.theone;repairedD.which;repairedit

30.Iwanttobuyapianoofhighquality,_____Icanpractiseoneveryafternoon.

A.thatB.sothatC.whatD.one

31.Heismyfather,_____abetterfatherdoesnotexist.

A.butB.thanwhomC.thanwhoD.againstwhom

32._____,theweatherturnedouttobeveryhotthatday.

A.ItwassaidinthenewspaperB.Aswasreportedontheradio

C.JustliketheweatherreportsaysD.Itsohappenedasyoutoldme

33.TheplaywentalongwelluntilthemiddleofActⅡ,_____theexcitementbegan.

A.soB.butC.whenD.which

34.Noonewouldhavetimetoreadorlistentoanaccountofeverything_____goingonintheworld.

A.itisB.asisC.thereisD.whatis

35._____couldbejudgedfromwhathehadsaid,hefeltterriblysorryforwhathehaddone.

A.WhichB.ThatC.AsD.It

36.Amostfunnyfilm_____I’veeverseenis“Moderntimes”.

A.whatB.whichC./D.BandC

37.Thepoliceofficerboughtanewhouse_____facesouth.

A.thewindowsofwhichB.whichwindowsC.whoseofhewindowsD.theirwindows

38.Myneighborsusedtogivemeahandintimeoftrouble,_____wasverykindofthem.

A.whichB.whoC.thatD.it

39.OnarainydayIwasdrivingnorththroughVermont,______Inoticedayoungmanholdingupasign_____“Boston”.

A.where;readingB.when;readingC.where

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