剑TESTReading精讲版.docx

剑TESTReading精讲版.docx

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剑TESTReading精讲版

剑4TEST1Reading

READINGPASSAGE1

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions1-14whicharebasedonReadingPassage1below.

　一　Adultsandchildrenarefrequentlyconfrontedwithstatementsaboutthealarmingrateoflossoftropicalrainforests.Forexample,onegraphicillustrationtowhichchildrenmightreadilyrelateistheestimatethatrainforestsarebeingdestroyedatarateequivalenttoonethousandfootballfieldseveryfortyminutes-aboutthedurationofanormalclassroomperiod.Inthefaceofthefrequentandoftenvividmediacoverage第一题,itislikelythatchildrenwillhaveformedideasaboutrainforests-whatandwheretheyare,whytheyareimportant,whatendangersthem-independentofanyformaltuition.Itisalsopossiblethatsomeoftheseideaswillbemistaken.

　二　Manystudieshaveshownthatchildrenharbourmisconceptionsabout‘pure’,curriculumscience.第三题Thesemisconceptionsdonotremainisolatedbutbecomeincorporatedintoamultifaceted,butorganised,conceptualframework,makingitandthecomponentideas,someofwhichareerroneous,morerobustbutalsoaccessibleto容易受影响modification.第四题Theseideasmaybedevelopedbychildrenabsorbingideasthroughthepopularmedia.第二题Sometimesthisinformationmaybeerroneous.Itseemsschoolsmaynotbeprovidinganopportunityforchildrentore-expresstheirideasandsohavethemtestedandrefinedbyteachersandtheirpeers.

　三　Despitetheextensivecoverageinthepopularmediaofthedestructionofrainforests,littleformalinformationisavailableaboutchildren’sideasinthisarea.Theaimofthepresentstudyistostarttoprovidesuchinformation,tohelpteachersdesigntheireducationalstrategiestobuilduponcorrectideasandtodisplacemisconceptionsandtoplanprogrammesinenvironmentalstudiesintheirschools.

　四　Thestudysurveyschildren’sscientificknowledgeandattitudestorainforests.Secondaryschoolchildrenwereaskedtocompleteaquestionnairecontainingfiveopen-formquestions简答题.第五题Themostfrequentresponsestothefirstquestionweredescriptionswhichareself-evidentfromtheterm‘rainforest’.Somechildrendescribedthemasdamp,wetorhot.Thesecondquestionconcernedthegeographicallocationofrainforests.Thecommonestresponseswerecontinentsorcountries:

Africa（givenby43%ofchildren）,第九题SouthAmerica（30%）,Brazil（25%）.Somechildrenalsogavemoregenerallocations,suchasbeingneartheEquator.

　五　Responsestoquestionthreeconcernedtheimportanceofrainforests.Thedominantidea,raisedby64%ofthepupils,wasthatrainforestsprovideanimalswithhabitats.Fewerstudentsrespondedthatrainforestsprovideplanthabitats,andevenfewermentionedtheindigenouspopulationsofrainforests.第十题Moregirls（70%）thanboys（60%）raisedtheideaofrainforestasanimalhabitats.第六题这两句话都拿男生女生做了比较但所比较的事物却不是对热带雨林毁坏的错误观点

　六　Similarly,butatalowerlevel,moregirls（13%）thanboys（5%）saidthatrainforestsprovidedhumanhabitats.第六题Theseobservationsaregenerallyconsistentwithourpreviousstudiesofpupils’viewsabouttheuseandconservationofrainforests,inwhichgirlswereshowntobemoresympathetictoanimalsandexpressedviewswhichseemtoplaceanintrinsicvalueonnon-humananimallife.第七题

　七　Thefourthquestionconcernedthecausesofthedestructionofrainforests.Perhapsencouragingly,morethanhalfofthepupils（59%）identifiedthatitishumanactivitieswhicharedestroyingrainforests,第十一题somepersonalisingtheresponsibilitybytheuseoftermssuchas‘weare’.About18%ofthepupilsreferredspecificallytologgingactivity.

　八　Onemisconception,expressedbysome10%ofthepupils,wasthatacidrainisresponsibleforrainforestdestruction;asimilarproportionsaidthatpollutionisdestroyingrainforests.Here,childrenareconfusingrainforestdestructionwithdamagetotheforestsofWesternEuropebythesefactors.Whiletwofifthsofthestudentsprovidedtheinformationthattherainforestsprovideoxygen,insomecasesthisresponsealsoembracedthemisconceptionthatrainforestdestructionwouldreduceatmosphericoxygen,makingtheatmosphereincompatiblewithhumanlifeonEarth.

　九　Inanswertothefinalquestionabouttheimportanceofrainforestconservation,themajorityofchildrensimplysaidthatweneedrainforeststosurvive.第十二题Onlyafewofthepupils（6%）mentionedthatrainforestdestructionmaycontributetoglobalwarming.Thisissurprisingconsideringthehighlevelofmediacoverageonthisissue.第十三题Somechildrenexpressedtheideathattheconservationofrainforestsisnotimportant.

　十　Theresultsofthisstudysuggestthatcertainideaspredominateinthethinkingofchildrenaboutrainforests.Pupils’responsesindicatesomemisconceptionsinbasicscientificknowledgeofrainforests’ecosystemssuchastheirideasaboutrainforestsashabitatsforanimals,plantsandhumansandtherelationshipbetweenclimaticchangeanddestructionofrainforests.

　十一　Pupilsdidnotvolunteerideasthatsuggestedthattheyappreciatedthecomplexityofcausesofrainforestdestruction.Inotherwords,theygavenoindicationofanappreciationofeithertherangeofwaysinwhichrainforestsareimportantorthecomplexsocial,economicandpoliticalfactorswhichdrivetheactivitieswhicharedestroyingtherainforests.Oneencouragementisthattheresultsofsimilarstudiesaboutotherenvironmentalissuessuggestthatolderchildrenseemtoacquiretheabilitytoappreciate,valueandevaluateconflictingviews.Environmentaleducationoffersanarenainwhichtheseskillscanbedeveloped,whichisessentialforthesechildrenasfuturedecision-makers.

　　Questions1-8

　　DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassage1?

Inboxes1-8onyouranswersheetwrite

　　TRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation

　　FALSEifthestatementcontradictstheinformation

　　NOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonthis

　　1Theplightoftherainforestshaslargelybeenignoredbythemedia.FALSE

　　2Childrenonlyacceptopinionsonrainforeststhattheyencounterintheirclassrooms.FALSE

　　3Ithasbeensuggestedthatchildrenholdmistakenviewsaboutthe‘pure’sciencethattheystudyatschool.TRUE

　　4Thefactthatchildren’sideasaboutscienceformpartofalargerframeworkofideasmeansthatitiseasiertochangethem.TRUE

　　5Thestudyinvolvedaskingchildrenanumberofyes/noquestionssuchas‘ArethereanyrainforestsinAfrica?

’FALSE

　　6Girlsaremorelikelythanboystoholdmistakenviewsabouttherainforests’destruction.NOTGIVEN

　　7Thestudyreportedherefollowsonfromaseriesofstudiesthathavelookedatchildren’sunderstandingofrainforests.TRUE

　　8Asecondstudyhasbeenplannedtoinvestigateprimaryschoolchildren’sideasaboutrainforests.NOTGIVEN直到最后都只字未提

　　Questions9-13

　　TheboxbelowgivesalistofresponsesA-PtothequestionnairediscussedinReading

　　Passage1.

　　AnswerthefollowingquestionsbychoosingthecorrectresponsesA-P.Writeyouranswersinboxes9-13onyouranswersheet.

　　M9Whatwasthechildren’smostfrequentresponsewhenaskedwheretherainforestswere?

　　E10Whatwasthemostcommonresponsetothequestionabouttheimportanceoftherainforests?

　　G11Whatdidmostchildrengiveasthereasonforthelossoftherainforests?

　　P12Whydidmostchildrenthinkitimportantfortherainforeststobeprotected?

　　J13Whichoftheresponsesiscitedasunexpectedlyuncommon,giventheamountoftimespentontheissuebythenewspapersandtelevision?

　　AThereisacomplicatedcombinationofreasonsforthelossoftherainforests.

　　BTherainforestsarebeingdestroyedbythesamethingsthataredestroyingtheforestsofWesternEurope.

　　CRainforestsarelocatedneartheEquator.

　　DBrazilishometotherainforests.

　　EWithoutrainforestssomeanimalswouldhavenowheretolive.

　　FRainforestsareimportanthabitatsforalotofplants.

　　GPeopleareresponsibleforthelossoftherainforests.

　　HTherainforestsareasourceofoxygen.

　　IRainforestsareofconsequenceforanumberofdifferentreasons.

　　JAstherainforestsaredestroyed,theworldgetswarmer.

　　KWithoutrainforeststherewouldnotbeenoughoxygenintheair.

　　LTherearepeopleforwhomtherainforestsarehome.

　　MRainforestsarefoundinAfrica.

　　NRainforestsarenotreallyimportanttohumanlife.

　　OThedestructionoftherainforestsisthedirectresultofloggingactivity.

　　PHumansdependontherainforestsfortheircontinuingexistence.

　　Question14

　　Choosethecorrectletter,A,B,C,DorE.

　　Writeyouranswerinbox14onyouranswersheet.

　　WhichofthefollowingisthemostsuitabletitleforReadingPassage1?

　　AThedevelopmentofaprogrammeinenvironmentalstudieswithinasciencecurriculum

　　BChildren’sideasabouttherainforestsandtheimplicationsforcoursedesign

　　CTheextenttowhichchildrenhavebeenmisledbythemediaconcerningtherainforests

　　DHowtocollect,collateanddescribetheideasofsecondaryschoolchildren

　　ETheimportanceoftherainforestsandthereasonsfortheirdestruction

READINGPASSAGE2

　　Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions15-26whicharebasedonReadingPassage2below.

WhatDoWhalesFeel?

Anexaminationofthefunctioningofthesensesincetaceans鲸,thegroupofmammals哺乳动物comprising包括whales,dolphinsandporpoises海豚

　一　Someofthesensesthatweandotherterrestrial陆生的mammalstakeforgrantedareeitherreduced减弱的orabsent缺席的不存在的incetaceansorfailtofunctionwellinwater.Forexample,itappearsfromtheirbrainstructurethattoothed有牙齿的speciesareunabletosmell.Baleenspecies,鲸须ontheotherhan