中考英语八种时态知识点归纳.docx
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中考英语八种时态知识点归纳
中考英语八种时态知识点归纳
一、一般现在时:
概念:
经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
时间状语:
always,usually,often,sometimes,everyweek,onceaweek,onSundays
基本结构:
①be动词;②实义动词
否定形式:
①am/is/arenot;②谓语动词若为实义动词,A.主语不是三单式,则don't动词原形B.主语为三单式,则doesn't动词原形。
一般疑问句:
①把be动词放于句首;②谓语动词若为实义动词,A.主语不是三单式,用助动词Do主语动词原形
B.主语为三单式,则Does主语动词原形Helen________agoodstudent.
Helen________fishingverymuch.Helen’sfriendsusually________toschoolbybike.
二、一般过去时:
概念:
过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
时间状语:
…ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek,in1989,justnow,attheageof5,oneday,atlast,intheend,finally,atfirst
基本结构:
①was/were;②实义动词的过去式
否定形式:
①was/werenot;②在实义动词前加didn't,同时还原实义动词,即didn’t动词原形
一般疑问句:
①was或were放于句首;②用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原实义动词。
Helen________borninwuxi.
Helen________toschoolbybikeyesterday.
三、现在进行时:
概念:
表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
时间状语:
now,atthistime,thesedays,look,listen
基本结构:
am/is/aredoing否定形式:
am/is/arenotdoing.
一般疑问句:
把be动词放于句首。
Listen,Helen________asongintheroom.
四、过去进行时:
概念:
表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
时间状语:
atthistimeyesterday,atthattime,from6to8lastnight,at5yesterdayevening或以when/while引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
基本结构:
was/weredoing否定形式:
was/were
not
doing.
一般疑问句:
把was或were放于句首。
Helen________TVatsixlastnight.
I________TVwhenmumcamehomelastnight.
五、现在完成时:
概念:
过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
时间状语:
since…,for…,in/duringthepastfew/twoyears,ever,yet,already,recently,overtheyears,主(现完)since
从(一过),just(注意和justnow的区别),sofar,tillnow
基本结构:
have/has
done否定形式:
have/has
not
done.
一般疑问句:
have或has主语
doneHelen________inNanjingfortwentyyearsThereadersareallveryhappybecausethey________anewbook.
六、过去完成时:
概念:
以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。
时间状语:
bytheendoflastyear,by过去的时间,主before从
基本结构:
had
done.否定形式:
had
not
done.
一般疑问句:
had放于句首。
They________inNanjingbytheendoflastyear.
Theplane___________offbefore/whenwegottotheairport.
七、一般将来时:
概念:
表示目前将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
时间状语:
tomorrow,nextday,soon,inafewminutes,by将来的时间,thedayaftertomorrow
基本结构:
am/is/are/goingto
do或will/shall
do.
否定形式:
am/is/are/notgoingto
do或will/shallnot
do.一般疑问句:
am/is/are放于句首或will/shall提到句首。
Helen________toShanghainextweek.
八、过去将来时:
概念:
立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。
时间状语:
thenextday
基本结构:
①was/were/goingto
do;②would/should
do.
否定形式:
①was/were/not
goingto
do;②would/should
not
do.
一般疑问句:
①was或were放于句首;②would/should提到句首。
Helensaidshe________toShanghaithenextmonth.
被动语态和主动语态
1.各种时态的被动语态的谓语动词形式:
a.一般现在时:
am/is/are
doneb.一般过去时:
was/were
donec..含情态动词的被动语态:
情态动词be
过去分词canbedonemaybedonemustbedone
d.现在完成时的被动语态:
have/has
been
donee.一般将来时的被动语态:
will/begoingto
be
donef.复合宾语的被动语态:
make/help/let/have/sb.dosth.ask/tellsbtodosthsee/hearsbdosthsee/hearsbdoingsth2.注:
变被动语态时不要去掉组成谓语动词短语的任何一个词wemusttakegoodcareofhim.=Hemustbetakengoodcareof.youcancatchupwithussoon.=wecanbecaughtupwithsoon.(with不能漏掉)
4.下列情况不能用被动语态:
A.不及物动词:
Theaccidenthappenedonabusyroadyesterday.
B.连系动词:
Thegirllookslikehersister.Don’tcrosstheroaduntilthelight________green.///Thisdress________nice.
c.
英语中有些动词用主动语态表示被动语态。
sell/write/read/wash/ride/cutwell
Theclothwasheswell./Thiskindofbagssellswell./Theshoeswearlong./Theknifecutswell./Thepenwritessmoothly./Thiscoatlastslong.
动词的固定搭配:
(1)后面接sbtodosth的动词:
asksbtodosth=tellsbtodosth叫某人做某事helpsbdosth帮助某人做某事wouldlikesbtodosth,=wantsbtodosth想要某人做某事usesthtodosth,使用某物去做某事dowhathecouldtohelpme尽他所能来帮助我
wishsbtodosth希望某人做某事advisesbtodosth建议某人做某事
remindsbtodosth提醒某人做某事
(2)后面接sbdosth的动词:
make/have/letsbdosth叫某人做某事
(3)后面接todosth的动词:
havetodosth不得不做某事need/requiretodosth需要做某事wanttodosth/wouldliketodosth想要做某事hope/wishtodosth希望做某事behappy/glad/pleased/afraid/better/crazy/todosthtrytodosth努力做某事try/doone’tbesttodosth,尽最大努力做某事
decidetodosth决定做某事volunteertodosth志愿去做某事
bewillingtodosth愿意做某事prefertodosth比较喜欢做某事
taketurnstodosth轮流做某事takeactiontodosth采取行动做某事
can’twaittodosth迫不及待去做某事belikelytodosth可能要做某事
oughttodosth(不)应该做某事
(4)后面接doingsth的动词:
enjoydoingsth喜欢做某事lookforwardtodoingsth盼望着做某事finishdoingsth结束做某事likedoingsth/todosth喜欢做某事thanksbfordoingsth感谢某人做某事beafraidofdoingsth担心、害怕做某事keepdoingsth不断的做某事minddoingsth介意做某事practicedoingsth练习做某事payattentiontodoingsth注意做某事
havedifficulty/trouble/fundoingsth做某事有困难/困难/麻烦/乐趣(高兴)
can’helpdoingsth=can’tstopdoingsth忍不住/情不自禁去做某事
devote…todoingsth致力于做某事dislikedoingsth不喜欢做某事
carryondoingsth继续做某事
(5)其他:
spendsometimedoingsth花费一些时间做某事
stop/preventsbdoingsth阻止某人做某事keepsbfromdoingsth阻止某人做某事
keepsbdoingsth使某人一直做某事hadbetterdosth最好(不要)做某事It’sbettertodosth做某事比较好
havesomethingtosay/eat,havenothingtoworryaboutwouldyoupleasedosth请你(不要)做某事好吗?
wouldliketodosth想要做某事whynotdosth为什么不做某事呢?
waitforsbtodosth,等候某人做某事
特殊疑问词(如how,what,when,where等)动词不定式todo作宾语
havetogohometodohouseworkIt’simportant/easy/hard/right/goodforsbtodosth.Ittakessbsometimetodosth花费某人一些时间做某事
preferdoingAtodoingB宁愿做事情A也不愿做事情B,喜欢做事情A更胜于做事情B
wouldratherdothandoB宁愿做事情A也不愿做事情B
介词动名词bebusydoingsth忙于做某事beinterestedindoingsth对做某事感兴趣
feellikedoing想要做某事getreadytodosth准备做某事
bereadytodosth准备/乐意做某事start/begintodosth/doingsth开始做某事
giveupdoingsth放弃做某事go/carryondoingsth继续做某事
几个搭配的区别:
remembertodosth是提醒别忘做某事,这个动作在说话的时候还没做rememberdoingsth是已做过某事,说话的时候动作已完成。
Remembertoclosethedoor,please.记着关门。
(说话时门还没有关)Irememberclosingthedoor.我记得我关了门了。
(说话时门已经关了)
forgettodosth和forgetdoingsthSorry,Iforgottobringthebook.Iforgotborrowingabookfromyou.(我忘记曾经向你借过书这件事)Don’tforgettodosth.不要忘记去做某事
stoptodosth停下来去做另一件事stopdoing停止正在做的事Stop________,theteacheriscoming.Imetanoldfriendonmywayhomeyesterday.Istopped________withhim.
goontodosth继续做另外一件事/goondoingsth继续做同一件事
need/requiretodo需要做某事need/requiredoing需要被…Ineedtowashmyclothes.myclothesneedwashing.
e.g.yourshoesaretoodirty.Theyneed________.youlooktired.youneed________agoodrest.
动词填空的解题思路
首先判断有无动词的固定搭配,比如:
asksb________,finish________
如果没有动词搭配,然后看是否有明显的时间状语标志,比如:
看到now一般用________。
如果上面两者都没有,可以从上下文去推断该用什么时态。
比如:
Don’tmakeanynoise.Thebaby______
注意点:
看清单复数(尤其是一般现在时的三单式),主动还是被动语态,肯定还是否定
祈使句有两种形式,动词原形开头和don’t
动词原形开头comehere./Don’tgothere.
两种从句的不同,根据需要选用不同的时态。
I’llcallyouifI________theretomorrow.Theywon’tbeginthemeetinguntilhe________.Don’twritetohimuntilhe________there.Idon’tknowifhe________toNanjingnextmonth.I’mnotsurewhenhe________toNanjing.
在宾语从句中
A.若主句用一般现在时,则从句可根据实际情况用各种时态。
如:
Theradiosaysthesnowlaterintheday.Iknowwhothefewestyesterday.
B.若主句用一般过去时,则宾语从句要依情况用过去的某种时态:
一般过去时,过去将来时,过去进行时,过去完成时。
如:
HesaidthattheytotheGreatwall.
marytoldmethatsheforParisthenextday.
c.无论主句是什么时态,宾语从句中客观真理都用一般现在时。
Theteachersaidtheeartharoundthesun.
在完成时中,要注意瞬间动词与延续性动词的转换。
如:
Theyborrowedthebooktwoweeksago.Theyhavekeptthebooksfor2weeks.
buyhave,joinbein/beamemberof…,leavebeaway,arrivebehere,beginbeon,
comebackbeback,diebedead,fallasleepbeasleep,getupbeup,finishbeover
ourclassroom__________everyday.
Howoften__________yourclothes______________?
Everytwodays.
Heismade_________athomeonSunday.
Thetwins___________tocomeagainyesterday.
Thebike________bymyuncletomorrow.Sofar,alotoftrees__________.
Abookmust_________morethanonce.//Thelittleboyshould________goodcareof.
Atalkonhistory_______inourschoolnextweek.
Thepicture_________downbythetwinsjustnow.
coke__________allovertheworld.//Thefish___________upbyhimanhourago.
Thesweater________yesterday.//Trousers__________inthisfactory.
Thetreesinfrontofthehouse________bymyfathereveryday.
AnEnglishsong___________tomorrow.//________thebike________byyou?
Sometimes.