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句子成分分析讲义图文稿
集团文件版本号:
(M928-T898-M248-WU2669-I2896-DQ586-M1988)
句子成分分析讲义
句子成分分析讲义
句子成分的定义:
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;
主要成分:
主语和谓语
次要成分:
表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语
分析下面句子的句子成分:
ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.
(一)主语
主语:
句子说明的人或事物
Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.名词
Shewentoutinahurry.代词
Fourplusfouriseight.数词
Toseeistobelieve.不定式
Smokingisbadforhealth.动名词
Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.名词化的形容词
Whathehassaidistrue.句子
练习:
找出句中主语
1.Thesunrisesintheeast.
2.Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.
3.Thepoorarenowlivingintheshelter.
4.Seeingisbelieving.
5.Toseeistobelieve.
6.Helikesdancing.
7.Whatheneedsisabook.
8.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.
(二)谓语
谓语:
说明主语的动作、状态和特征
一、简单谓语:
由动词或成语动词组成。
凡是由一个动词构成谓语的,不管是什么状态、语态、语气,都属于简单谓语。
Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill.
Helookedaftertwoorphans.
ShewillbeleavingforHongKongonApril3rd.
Hehasbeendesigninganewplanemodel.
二、复合谓语
1:
由情态动词或助动词+动词构成
HecanspeakEnglishwell.
Shedoesn’tseemtolikedancing
2:
系动词+表语构成
Theprospectslookedexcellent.
Itsoundsagoodidea.
Hishairturnedgreyinafewweeks.
Sheisgrowingrestless.
易误用作及物动词的几个不及物动词:
误:
dealaproblem正:
dealwithaproblem处理问题
误:
dependsb.正:
dependonsb.依靠(依赖)某人
误:
insistdoingsth.正:
insistondoingsth.坚持要做某事
误:
knockthedoor正:
knockon[at]thedoor敲门
误:
operatesb.正:
operateonsb.为某人做手术
误:
participatesth.正:
participateinsth.参加某事
误:
refersth.正:
refertosth.查阅(参考)某物
误:
relysb./sth.正:
relyonsb./sth.依靠某人、某物
误:
replyaletter正:
replytoaletter回信
及物与不及物动词练习:
1.Nomatterhowmuchyou’velearnedandhowhighastandardofeducationyouhavehad,youmust_______thepeopleheartandsoul.
A.serveB.serveforC.servetoD.serveon
2.Thepupil___hisrighthand,obviouslyhopingto_____toanswertheteacher’squestion.
A.roseriseB.raisedriseC.roseraiseD.raisedraise
练习:
找出句中谓语
1.Thespaceshuttlewillbelaunchedat5p.m.
2.Isuggestthatthegamebecancelled.
3.Sharepriceshavepickeduprecently.
4.Thewindowsofourbedroomlookedoutuponthelawns.
5.Icanexplainthissentence.
6.Hemusthavearrivedbyair.
7.Rosessmellsweet.
8.Hefelttroubledanddistressed.
9.Iamhappy.
(三)宾语
宾语:
动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语
Showyourpassport,please.名词
Shedidn'tsayanything.代词
Howmanydoyouwant-Iwanttwo.数词
Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.名词化的形容词
Theyaskedtoseemypassport.不定式
Ienjoyworkingwithyou.动名词
Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?
句子
Ifindthisweatherverytrying.复合结构作宾语(复合宾语)
Hegavemesomebooks.双宾语(双宾动词后+间接宾语+直接宾语)
练习:
找出句子的宾语
1.Fastenyourseatbelts,please.
2.Givemesome.
3.Letmehaveoneortwo.
4.Respecttheoldandcherishtheyoung.
5.Stopactinglikeachild.
6.Hetriednottooffendher.
7.HehadhispassportvisaedforSouthKorea.
8.Idon’tunderstandwhatyoumean.
9.pleasepassmethebook.
10.Heboughthisgirlfriendsomeflowers.
(四)表语
表语:
在系动词后的部分就是表语
Thatremainsapuzzle.名词
Thewarwasover.副词
Theyseemtoknowthetruth.不定式
Timeisprecious.形容词
I’mnotquitemyselftoday.代词
Idon’tfeelatease.介词短语
Theyaretwicethesizeofchickens.词组
That’swherewediffer.句子(从句)
Myaunt’shobbyisgrowingroses.动名词
Mydaughterissixteennextmonth.数词
练习:
找出句子中的表语
1.Heprovedatrustworthyfriend.
2.Salesaredown.
3.Allyouhavetodoistopressthisbutton.
4.Hehasdonemad.
5.It’ssomethingtobehomeagainwithoutanaccident.
6.TheConservatives(保守党)wereoncemoreinpower.
7.Thatwouldbeagreatweightoffmymind.
8.Moneyiswhattheyareafter.
9.Hisfirstjobhadbeensellinghomecomputers.
10.Mikewasthird.
系动词的类别:
1)状态系动词be动词
Eg:
Heisateacher.
2)持续系动词keep,remain,stay
Eg:
Healwayskeptsilentatthemeeting.
3)表像系动词seem,appear,look,
Eg:
Helookstired.
4)感官系动词feel,smell,sound,taste
Eg:
Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.
5)变化系动词become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.
Eg:
Hebecamemadafterthat.
6)终止系动词prove,turnout,表达“证实”,“变成”之意
Eg:
Therumorprovedfalse.
注意:
系动词不用于被动语态.
(五)定语
定语:
修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句
Heisacleverboy.形容词
Hisfatherworksinasteelfactory.名词
DoyouknowBetty’ssister
名词所有格
Thereare54studentsinourclass.数词
Whosechildisit
代词
Heboughtsomesleepingpills.动名词
Hisspokenlanguageisgood.分词(短语)
Shewasquietfordaystocome.不定式
Whoisthatgirlwithapigtail介词短语
IsthereanythingIcandoforyou从句
定语后置:
如果定语是由一个单词表示时,通常要前置。
而由一个词组或一个句子表示时,通常后置
Thegirlinredishissister.
Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.
Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?
练习:
找出句子中的定语
1.He’sakindman.
2.Helpyourselftosomefish.
3.Therearetwentystudentsinourclass.
4.Thesearetheroadsleadingtothebeach.
5.Thegirlinredisverybeautiful.
6.Sheisagirleveryonelikes.
(六)状语
状语:
说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。
Iwillbebackinawhile.
Theyareplayingontheplayground.
Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.
HegotupsolatethatImissedthetrain.
Iwaitedtoseeyou.
Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.
Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.
Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.
Thisbookisveryinteresting.
练习:
找出句子的状语
1.Hesecretlydecidedtoleavethetown.
2.Beingapoorteacher,hecan’taffordtobuyacar.
3.Itbeingaholiday,thelibraryisn’topen.
4.Wecansendacarovertofetchyou.
5.I’mgoingtherebyplane.
6.Wesatdownonthegrass.
(七)宾语补足语
宾补:
有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补足语,说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足,使句子的意义完整。
这类常用的及物动词有:
make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let.
Ifoundthebookinteresting.
Doyousmellsomethingburning
Hemadehimselfknowntothem.
Sheaskedmetolendherahand.
(八)同位语
同位语:
位于名词或代词后面,说明它们的性质和情况
Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.名词
Hehimselfwilldotheexperiment.代词
Heistheoldestamongthemfour.数词
Hetoldmethenewsthatourteamwonthegame.从句
练习:
找出句子中的同位语。
1.SheismynieceMaria.
2.Yougirlsaremuchmoreactivethanusboys.
3.Youthreesithere.
4.Thereisarumourthatyouhaveresigned.
(九)练习
练习:
说出斜线部分的句子成分。
1、Youshouldstudyhard.状语
2、Theteachergotveryangry.表语
3、Theboytoldmehisstory.间宾+直宾
4、Weelectedhimourmonitor.宾语+宾补
5、Itoldhimtoopenthewindow.宾语+宾补
6、Wewatchedthetrainleavingthestation.宾语+宾补
句子类型
句子种类两种分类法:
一、按句子的用途可分四种:
1、陈述句(肯定、否定):
Heissixyearsold.
Shedidn’thearofyoubefore.
2、疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意):
Dotheylikeskating
Howoldishe
Ishesixorsevenyearsold
Marycanswim,can’tshe
3、祈使句:
Becareful,boys;Don’ttalkinclass.
4、感叹句:
Howclevertheboyis!
二、按句子的结构可分三种:
简单句、并列句和复合句。
1、简单句:
只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。
Eg:
HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.
Eg:
TomandMikeareAmericanboys.
Eg:
Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthenewspapers.
2、并列句:
由并列连词(and,but,or等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。
Eg:
Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.
Eg:
Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.前途是光明的,道路是曲折的
3、复合句:
含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。
复合句包含:
①名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、
②定语从句
③状语从句
简单句的五种基本句型:
一、主语+不及物动词
e.g.a.Wintercomes.b.Thisfactoryopenedin1989.
二、主语+及物动词+宾语
e.g.Shehasboughtanewhouse.
三、主语+连系动词+表语
e.g.a.Shelookedworried.b.MissZhaoisoneofthemostpopularteachersintheschool.
四、主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
e.g.Myfatherboughtmealotofbooks.
五、主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
e.g.a.Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.b.Weconsiderhimverysmart.