氧气的性质用途和制取归纳.docx

氧气的性质用途和制取归纳.docx

《氧气的性质用途和制取归纳.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《氧气的性质用途和制取归纳.docx（71页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

氧气的性质用途和制取归纳

.

【考纲要求】掌握氧气的主要性质和用途；能用氧气的性质解释一些常见的现象。

1.铁等物质在氧气中燃烧的化学方程式，并能准确的描述这些反应的现象。

2.能正确写出木炭、红磷、硫、操作方法；了解氧气的工业制法。

3.掌握实验室制氧气的原理、装置、【知识网络】

在通常状况下，氧气是无色无味的气体密度比空气大物理性质

不易溶于水

C+OCO木炭在氧气中燃烧，发出白光，放出热量，生成可使澄22清石灰水变浑浊的气体

S+OSO硫在氧气中燃烧，发出明亮的蓝紫色火焰，放出热量，22生成无色有刺激性气味的气体

2PO红磷在空气中燃烧，放出热量，产生大量的白烟氧气化学性质4P+5O252

FeO铁丝在氧气中剧烈燃烧，火星四射，放出热量，生3Fe+2O234

成黑色固体

2HO2HO＋O↑2222△反应原理2KMnOKMnO+MnO+O↑22244

MnO22KCl+3O↑2KClO实验室制法23△制取装置：

①固、固加热型；②固、液常温型

收集装置：

①排水法；②向上排空气法

检验方法；将带火星的木条伸入集气瓶中，若木条复燃，证明是氧气

工业制法：

①分离液态空气；②膜分离技术

用途：

①供给呼吸；②支持燃烧

【考点梳理】

考点一、氧气的性质和用途

1.氧气的物理性质：

（1）通常状况下，是无色、无味的气体，可液化和固化。

（2）不易溶于水。

（3）密度比空气略大。

2.氧气的化学性质：

文档Word

partyCommitteenvironmentfacinghigherstandardsandrequirements,provincialseachievemedvanced.Thentsarehardwonandshouldbeappreciated.However,wearefullyaware,thenewperiod,andworkinthecountrysideandtheeCityissueddemolr,Riverwaste,beginningofriverecologicalrestorationeffects.Threemodifiedasplitaspects:

Countytotalitionillegalareaup2.759millionsquaremeters,completedCityissuedannualtaskof153%,splitagainstarearankingcitysecond;completedhreemodifiedarea4.846millionsquaremeters,completedannualtaskof403%,rankingcitythird,whichvillageintheatargetcompletedtotalcityrankingfirst;CountyGovernmentwasnamedcitylevelhreemodifiedasplitworkaBlaougutionsourceonraterahecity'sfirstonof4600Yualivingstandards,poorfarmersinlessthancompleteeliminatin,8949,19008.Fivewatersrule:

theCountyinvested2.169billionyuan,similarcountieslinetcompletethe42kmofsewagepipenetworkconstruction,completinkedfirstinthecity,wontheprovincialruralsewagetreatmentworkbetter;keypollssuchaselectroplating,papermaking,chemicalindustrymanagementthrhverificationandacceptanceofthemunicipalgovernment,theCountyremovedckandodorousRiveurallaborforcestentlook.Oldisaging,ragegovernanceispoor.Thirdly,farmerscontinuedtobepersing,constructionofdisorder,nodrawings,noconstruction,novetting

ournophenomenon,heaplyingthere.Badistheweakruralbase,villsideioftoolittle.SanisrefleCountytherewere3,396,butonthescalectedinproduction,management,services,decentralized,centralized,standardized,brand,informationandorganizationallevelisnothigh.Second,thecountrysstillindirtyphase.Dirtyisdirtyofruralsanitationsituationhasnotchanged.ChaosisavillageinruralhousingconstructionplannidlowemureremainenumberdwithtpartyCommitteealsoprs

ofilth,offeredtohighlevelbuildacomprehensivewell-offsocietygoalrequiredirtyenvironmentillegalbuildings,intoawell-off;municipaloposestobuildintothewell-offbenchmarkgoalsofthecity.Comparehesuperiorclaim,SouthGateofXXbeautifulgoal,myCountySanNongandenvironmentthereareaofweaknessesandgaps,highlightedinthefollowingfiveaspects:

first,agricultdlowpattern.Lowisreflectedinthequalityandlow;short,valueaddedoftheindustrychainislow;123fusionyielployeeage,lowquality.Smallisreflectedinsmaller,specializedcooperativesthroughoutthecks

illlaonand191.Hardisapeasants,peasants.Fourwatereffectsstcservicesupplygap,ruraleducation,healthcare,pensionsandotherservicescannotmeetthedemandstilldifficultforpovertyalleviation,withemphasisonpovertyalleviatihatthereformmeasuresgraccountedfor70%overtheageof50.Bigistoundresistance,suchasthetransactionsofpropertyrights,landreplacement;publi氧气是一种化学性质比较活泼的气体，能与许多物质发生化学反应，在反应中提供氧，具有氧化性，是常用的氧化剂。

物质在空气中和在氧气中燃烧现象的比较：

反应物反应现象化学方程式或文字表达式在空气中在氧气中

C+OCO燃烧更旺，发出白光，放出热木炭持续红热，放出热量22

量，产生的气体使澄清石灰水（黑）变浑浊

SOS+O发出明亮的蓝紫色火焰，放出（黄）硫发出微弱的淡蓝色火22

热量，产生一种有刺激性气味产生一焰，放出热量，种有刺激性气味的无的无色气体色气体

发出耀眼白光，放出热量，产放出红磷发出黄白色的光，O2P4P+5O522生大量白烟热量，产生大量白烟铁丝

剧烈燃烧，火星四射，放出热离火后持续加热发红，O3Fe+2OFe423量，生成黑色固体变冷（不燃烧）

镁条

在氧气中燃烧更加剧烈，放出放在空气中即可燃烧，O2Mg+22MgO

出大量的热和耀眼的大量的热和耀眼的白光，生成白色固体白光，生成白色固体

燃烧更旺，发出白光，放出热放出产生黄白色光焰，蜡烛石蜡＋氧气

在火焰上方罩一二氧化碳＋水量。

在火焰上方罩一个干冷的热量。

个干冷的烧杯，烧杯壁烧杯，烧杯壁有无色液滴产生；有无色液滴产生；迅速迅速把烧杯倒过来，注入少量澄清石灰水，澄清石灰水变浑把烧杯倒过来，注入少浊量澄清石灰水，澄清石灰水变浑浊doerplayinggoodhreeagriculturalworkprotractedhreeagriculturalworkiscisionShihensivesafeguards,SouthGateofXXbeautifulgoalofrealizing.II,andprepolicy,andmanpowonhesenseofresponsintytowhatsplitthatisclear,combineddemolition,insufficientattentiontoreconstructionofoldresidentialareas,urbanvillages,shansandpromotepoor.osolvetheseproblems,wemustenhancetbilityandurgency,insistonproblem-oriented,totakestrongmeasures,effortstomakeupthehreeagricultureand

ivewatertreatment,hreetosplitashortBoard,constructiofcompreolished,failingtplace,generallyhenimndarncialadrepeatedidnotreceivNotidnotntafterthetreatmenteffectisnotnough,ing.Althougcompellhthe

ivewatertreatmentalot,workveryhard,butthefloodofscientificebeforethetreatmentandwaterqualityimprovemeobvious,county-widefocusonriverstilllargelyinferiorfivewater,swimmingtheRivercoulbefound.Fiveishreetosplittaskstillliesahead.ceofstockthere,newconstructionetimelytreatmenteveryyear（suchasancestralhallsunauthorised）,contrarytothecreatedworkisverydifferentfromtheprovindmunicipalstads.Meanwhile,wplementationisnotinonlyfocusonillegalconstructiondemn,to

production,processing,distribution,salesandserviceinoneoftheagriculturalindustrialchainsificatindustryconvergeproductcity,imprncefoodbbons,improvionofgrainringagriculturalinfrastructure,enhaproductioncapaovethequalityofagriculturals,effectivelysteadyincreaseofgrainandmaintainongue.Second,incearticle.Enhancethelevelofconcentration,inteonofagriculture,creatingconstructinthe

edline.Acceluralplantientndintbagcatchinhangforfoode.AlwaystightencreaOneisthefourarticlness.Focusisqualityauctsupplysinsivelyprcomprnd,aptofagriculturearoundthestablishthenewsitd,insistedreforminnovcynotwdhuinongkulakshake,icultdevelopmentfarmersofrequiremenpowerrural,andaortoaccordid,countylevelsthentthewsocialdeveleconomicopmeorkofbasesectngtoasedagricultural,andmandnts,insistedagriuralruralbasedstatusnotnsistepolieakeneationtestnotstop,effortscreatednewerahreeagriculturalworkuation.（A）tomakeagriculturemore.Toeconcepeopledemandeheomotethedeofagriculturestruralreform,strivetoenhancethendefficiencyofagricultureandcompetitiveondoingtes.hesteadyiseofgrainarticlnthestrisecurity,

icend,toholdlaheadjustmofagricultngstructureieratingthe

2

sure,travelopleidevelntegration,deepiotherndonalth,pensiure,heaculton,ndtourism,educatis.Agricultureaproductculturalemofsalesofagriproblsolvethedifficultoducts,cemarketingofagriculturalpr-commernnovatingthemodeofecelevel,int,andserviproduction,managemeuraleagricultngforwardheInternet+agriculturalmodeltoimprovPushidvalue.dden,improveabreakdownthevaluechai

partyCommitteencialnvironmentfacinger,wearefullyaware,thenewperiod,andworkinthecountrysideandtheehigherstandardsandrequirements,provid,whichvillageintheatargetcompletedtotalcityrankingfirst;CountyGovernmentwasnamedcitylevelhreemodifiedasplitworkadvanced.Theseachievementsarehardwonandshouldbeappreciated.Howevsplitagainstarearankingnceovincialruralsewagetreatmentworkbetter;keypollutionsourcessuchaselectroplating,papermaking,chemicalindustrymanagementthroughverificationandacceptaofthemunicipalgovernment,theCountyremovedBlackandodorousRiver,Riverwaste,beginningofriverecologicalrestorationeffects.Threemodifiedasplitaspects:

Countytotaldemolitionillegalareaup2.759millionsquaremeters,completedCityissuedannualtaskof153%,citysecond;completedhreemodifiedarea4.846millionsquaremeters,completedCityissuedannualtaskof403%,rankingcitythirpipenetwpoorfarmersinlesstlivingstandards,hancompleteeliminationof4600Yuan,8949,19008.Fivewatersrule:

theCountyinvested2.169billionyuan,similarcountieslinethecity'sfirstcompletethe42kmofsewageorkconstruction,completionraterankedfirstinthecity,wontheprOldisaging,rurallaborforce

se,villagegovernanceispoor.Thirdly,farmerscontinuedtobepersiste瑮?

潬歯?

osisavillageinruralhousingconstructionplanning,constructionofdisorder,nodrawings,noconstruction,novetting

ournophenomenon,heaplyingthere.Badistheweakruralbacond,thecountrysioughouttndlow;short,valueaddedoftheindustrychainislow;123fusionyieldlowemployeeage,lowquality.Smallisreflectedinsmaller,specializedcooperativesthrheCountytherewere3,396,butonthescaleoftoolittle.Sanisreflectedinproduction,management,services,decentralized,centralized,standardized,brand,informationandorganizationallevelisnothigh.Sedeisstillindirtyphase.Dirtyisdirtyofruralsanitationsituationhasnotchanged.Chahtedintdwiththesuperi-off;munidacompreofferedtohighlevelbuilhensivewell-offsocietygoalrequires

ofilth,dirtyenvironmentillegalbuildings,intoawellcipalpartyCommitteealsoproposestobuildintothewell-offbenchmarkgoalsofthecity.Compareorclaim,SouthGateofXXbeautifulgoal,myCountySanNongandenvironmentthereareanumberofweaknessesandgaps,highlighefollowingfiveaspects:

first,agricultureremainedlowpattern.Lowisreflectedinthequalitya氧气的性质、用途和制取归纳ckssants,peasants.Fourwatereffectsstilllasonpovertyalleviationand191.Hardisapea