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TheNobelPrizeinLiterature

“Thesaidinterestshallbedividedintofiveequalparts,whichshallbeapportionedasfollows:

/---/oneparttothepersonwhoshallhaveproducedinthefieldofliteraturethemostoutstandingworkofanidealistictendency ...”

（ExcerptfromthewillofAlfredNobel）

AlfredNobelhadbroadculturalinterests.Theinterestthathedevelopedinliteratureduringhisearlyyouthlastedthroughouthislife.Hislibraryholdsarichspectrumofliteratureindifferentlanguages.FurtherevidenceofNobel’sliteraryinterestwasthatduringthelastyearsofhislife,hebeganwritingfictionagain.LiteraturewasthefourthprizeareaNobelmentionedinhiswill.

TheveryfirstNobelPrizeinLiteraturewasawardedin1901totheFrenchpoetandphilosopherSullyPrudhomme,whoinhispoetryshowedthe"rarecombinationofthequalitiesofbothheartandintellect".Overtheyears,theNobelPrizeinLiteraturehasdistinguishedtheworksofauthorsfrommanydifferentlanguagesandculturalbackgrounds.TheLiteraturePrizehasbeenawardedtounknownmastersaswellasauthorsacclaimedworldwide.

TheNobelPrizeinLiteratureisawardedbytheSwedishAcademy.

ListofallNobelLiteratureLaureates

TheNobelPrizeinLiteraturehasbeenawarded103timesto107NobelLaureatesbetween1901and2010.

2010

MarioVargasLlosa

2009

HertaMüller

2008

Jean-MarieGustaveLeClézio

2007

DorisLessing

2006

OrhanPamuk

2005

HaroldPinter

2004

ElfriedeJelinek

2003

JohnM.Coetzee

2002

ImreKertész

2001

SirVidiadharSurajprasadNaipaul

2000

GaoXingjian

1999

GünterGrass

1998

JoséSaramago

1997

DarioFo

1996

WislawaSzymborska

1995

SeamusHeaney

1994

KenzaburoOe

1993

ToniMorrison

1992

DerekWalcott

1991

NadineGordimer

1990

OctavioPaz

1989

CamiloJoséCela

1988

NaguibMahfouz

1987

JosephBrodsky

1986

WoleSoyinka

1985

ClaudeSimon

1984

JaroslavSeifert

1983

WilliamGolding

1982

GabrielGarcíaMárquez

1981

EliasCanetti

1980

CzeslawMilosz

1979

OdysseusElytis

1978

IsaacBashevisSinger

1977

VicenteAleixandre

1976

SaulBellow

1975

EugenioMontale

1974

EyvindJohnson,HarryMartinson

1973

PatrickWhite

1972

HeinrichBöll

1971

PabloNeruda

1970

AleksandrIsayevichSolzhenitsyn

1969

SamuelBeckett

1968

YasunariKawabata

1967

MiguelAngelAsturias

1966

ShmuelYosefAgnon,NellySachs

1965

MikhailAleksandrovichSholokhov

1964

Jean-PaulSartre

1963

GiorgosSeferis

1962

JohnSteinbeck

1961

IvoAndric

1960

Saint-JohnPerse

1959

SalvatoreQuasimodo

1958

BorisLeonidovichPasternak

1957

AlbertCamus

1956

JuanRamónJiménez

1955

HalldórKiljanLaxness

1954

ErnestMillerHemingway

1953

SirWinstonLeonardSpencerChurchill

1952

FrançoisMauriac

1951

PärFabianLagerkvist

1950

Earl（BertrandArthurWilliam）Russell

1949

WilliamFaulkner

1948

ThomasStearnsEliot

1947

AndréPaulGuillaumeGide

1946

HermannHesse

1945

GabrielaMistral

1944

JohannesVilhelmJensen

1943-1940

NoNobelPrizewasawardedthisyear.Theprizemoneywaswith1/3allocatedtotheMainFundandwith2/3totheSpecialFundofthisprizesection.

1939

FransEemilSillanpää

1938

PearlBuck

1937

RogerMartinduGard

1936

EugeneGladstoneO'Neill

1935

NoNobelPrizewasawardedthisyear.Theprizemoneywaswith1/3allocatedtotheMainFundandwith2/3totheSpecialFundofthisprizesection.

1934

LuigiPirandello

1933

IvanAlekseyevichBunin

1932

JohnGalsworthy

1931

ErikAxelKarlfeldt

1930

SinclairLewis

1929

ThomasMann

1928

SigridUndset

1927

HenriBergson

1926

GraziaDeledda

1925

GeorgeBernardShaw

1924

WladyslawStanislawReymont

1923

WilliamButlerYeats

1922

JacintoBenavente

1921

AnatoleFrance

1920

KnutPedersenHamsun

1919

CarlFriedrichGeorgSpitteler

1918

NoNobelPrizewasawardedthisyear.TheprizemoneywasallocatedtotheSpecialFundofthisprizesection.

1917

KarlAdolphGjellerup,HenrikPontoppidan

1916

CarlGustafVernervonHeidenstam

1915

RomainRolland

1914

NoNobelPrizewasawardedthisyear.TheprizemoneywasallocatedtotheSpecialFundofthisprizesection.

1913

RabindranathTagore

1912

GerhartJohannRobertHauptmann

1911

CountMaurice（Mooris）PolidoreMarieBernhardMaeterlinck

1910

PaulJohannLudwigHeyse

1909

SelmaOttiliaLovisaLagerlöf

1908

RudolfChristophEucken

1907

RudyardKipling

1906

GiosuèCarducci

1905

HenrykSienkiewicz

1904

FrédéricMistral,JoséEchegarayyEizaguirre

1903

BjørnstjerneMartinusBjørnson

1902

ChristianMatthiasTheodorMommsen

1901

SullyPrudhomme

MarioVargasLlosa

TheNobelPrizeinLiterature2010wasawardedtoMarioVargasLlosa"forhiscartographyofstructuresofpowerandhistrenchantimagesoftheindividual'sresistance,revolt,anddefeat".

HertaMüller

TheNobelPrizeinLiterature2009wasawardedtoHertaMüller"who,withtheconcentrationofpoetryandthefranknessofprose,depictsthelandscapeofthedispossessed".

Jean-MarieGustaveLeClézio

TheNobelPrizeinLiterature2008wasawardedtoJean-MarieGustaveLeClézio"authorofnewdepartures,poeticadventureandsensualecstasy,explorerofahumanitybeyondandbelowthereigningcivilization".

DorisLessing

TheNobelPrizeinLiterature2007wasawardedtoDorisLessing"thatepicistofthefemaleexperience,whowithscepticism,fireandvisionarypowerhassubjectedadividedcivilisationtoscrutiny".

OrhanPamuk

TheNobelPrizeinLiterature2006wasawardedtoOrhanPamuk"whointhequestforthemelancholicsoulofhisnativecityhasdiscoverednewsymbolsfortheclashandinterlacingofcultures".

HaroldPinter

TheNobelPrizeinLiterature2005wasawardedtoHaroldPinter"whoinhisplaysuncoverstheprecipiceundereverydayprattleandforcesentryintooppression'sclosedrooms".

ElfriedeJelinek

TheNobelPrizeinLiterature2004wasawardedtoElfriedeJelinek"forhermusicalflowofvoicesandcounter-voicesinnovelsandplaysthatwithextraordinarylinguisticzealrevealtheabsurdityofsociety'sclichésandtheirsubjugatingpower".

JohnM.Coetzee

TheNobelPrizeinLiterature2003wasawardedtoJ.M.Coetzee"whoininnumerableguisesportraysthesurprisinginvolvementoftheoutsider".

ImreKertész

TheNobelPrizeinLiterature2002wasawardedtoImreKertész"forwritingthatupholdsthefragileexperienceoftheindividualagainstthebarbaricarbitrarinessofhistory".

SirVidiadharSurajprasadNaipaul

TheNobelPrizeinLiterature2001wasawardedtoV.S.Naipaul"forhavingunitedperceptivenarrativeandincorruptiblescrutinyinworksthatcompelustoseethepresenceofsuppressedhistories".

GaoXingjian

TheNobelPrizeinLiterature2000wasawardedtoGaoXingjian"foranœuvreofuniversalvalidity,bitterinsightsandlinguisticingenuity,whichhasopenednewpathsfortheChinesenovelanddrama".

GünterGrass

TheNobelPrizeinLiterature1999wasawardedtoGünterGrass"whosefrolicsomeblackfablesportraytheforgottenfaceofhistory".

JoséSaramago

TheNobelPrizeinLiterature1998wasawardedtoJoséSaramago"whowithparablessustainedbyimagination,compassionandironycontinuallyenablesusonceagaintoapprehendanelusoryreality".

DarioFo

TheNobelPrizeinLiterature1997wasawardedtoDarioFo"whoemulatesthejestersoftheMiddleAgesinscourgingauthorityandupholdingthedignityofthedowntrodden".

WislawaSzymborska

TheNobelPrizeinLiterature1996wasawardedtoWislawaSzymborska"forpoetrythatwithironicprecisionallowsthehistoricalandbiologicalcontexttocometolightinfragmentsofhumanreality".

SeamusHeaney

TheNobelPrizeinLiterature1995wasawardedtoSeamusHeaney"forworksoflyricalbeautyandethicaldepth,whichexalteverydaymiraclesandthelivingpast".

KenzaburoOe

TheNobelPrizeinLiterature1994wasawardedtoKenzaburoOe"whowithpoeticforcecreatesanimaginedworld,wherelifeandmythcondensetoformadisconcertingpictureofthehumanpredicamenttoday".

ToniMorrison

TheNobelPrizeinLiterature1993wasawardedtoToniMorrison"whoinnovelscharacterizedbyvisionaryforceandpoeticimport,giveslifetoanessentialaspectofAmericanreality".

DerekWalcott

TheNobelPrizeinLiterature1992wasawardedtoDerekWalcott"forapoeticoeuvreofgreatluminosity,sustainedbyahistoricalvision,theoutcomeofamulticulturalcommitment".

NadineGordimer

TheNobelPrizeinLiterature1991wasawardedtoNadineGordimer"whothroughhermagnificentepicwritinghas-inthewordsofAlfredNobel-beenofverygreatbenefittohumanity".

OctavioPaz

TheNobelPrizeinLiterature1990wasawardedtoOctavioPaz"forimpassionedwritingwithwidehorizons,characterizedbysensuousintelligenceandhumanisticintegrity".

CamiloJoséCela

TheNobelPrizeinLiterature1989wasawardedtoCamiloJoséCela"forarichandintensiveprose,whichwithrestrainedcompassionformsachallengingvisionofman'svulnerability".

NaguibMahfouz

TheNobelPrizeinLiterature1988wasawardedtoNaguibMahfouz"who,throughworksrichinnuance-nowclear-sightedlyrealistic,nowevocativelyambiguous-hasformedanArabiannarrativeartthatappliestoallmankind".

JosephBrodsky

TheNobelPrizeinLiterature1987wasawardedtoJosephBrodsky"foranall-embracingauthorship,imbuedwithclarityofthoughtandpoeticintensity".

WoleSoyinka

TheNobelPrizeinLiterature1986wasawardedtoWoleSoyinka"whoinawideculturalperspectiveandwithpoeticovertonesfashionsthedramaofexistence".

ClaudeSimon

TheNobelPrizeinLiterature1985wasawardedtoClaudeSimon"wh