东莞市最新 版高考英语 阅读理解专题练习.docx

东莞市最新 版高考英语 阅读理解专题练习.docx

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东莞市最新版高考英语阅读理解专题练习

东莞市最新版高考英语阅读理解专题练习

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   DemandfortheChinesetechcompany'sdevices（设备）isredhoteventhoughthecountry'soverallmarketforsmartphonesisgettingsmallerHuawei'sChinasalesrocketedmorethan20%inthefinalquarterof2018,andexpertssaythat'spartlyduetotheUSgovernment'sglobalcampaignagainstthecompany.

   “ThelatesttensionbetweentheUSandChinaraisedthepatriotism（爱国主义）inChineseconsumers,saidJusyHong,ananalystatresearchfirmIHSMarkit.

   HepointedoutthatsomeChinesecompaniesencouragedemployeestobuyHuaweiphoneslatelastyear.Themoveswereagestureofsupportafterthefirm'schieffinancialofficerwasarrestedinCanadainearlyDecemberattherequestoftheUnitedStates.

   Huawei'sboomingsalesshowhowmajorpartsofitsbusinesscontinuetoincreaseevenastheUnitedStatestriestopersuadeothercountriestoshutHuaweiproductsoutof5Gwirelessnetworksandpursues（追究）criminalchargesagainstit.ThecompanyexpectstoovertakeSamsungastheworld'sbiggestsmartphonemakerbynextyear.

   Huaweisold30millionphonesinChinainthelastthreemonthsof2018,nearlythreetimesasmanyasApple（AAPL）,accordingtodatapublishedthisweekbyresearchfirmsCanalysandIDC.Apple'ssalesplungedalmost20%.

   Huawei'ssuccessinChina,theworld'slargestsmartphonemarket,ismorethanaboutgeopolitics（地缘政治）.Chineseconsumersloveitsflagship,high-end-phonesbecausetheyhavegreatcameras,cuttingedgetechnologyandcostlessthanthelatestiPhones,accordingtoanalysts.Andbyofferingaselectionofcheaperphones,Huaweiisabletotargetabiggermarket.

   ItalsobenefitedfromthetroublesthisyearatZTE（ZTCOF）,arivalChinesesmartphoneandtelecommunicationsequipmentmaker.ZTEwasbannedbytheUSgovernmentfrombuyingvitalAmericanpartsformonthslastyear.

（1）WhydidHuawei'sChinasalesincreasegreatlyaccordingtothearticle?

A. Becausethecompany'sdevicesarealwayspopularworldwide.

B. BecauseChineseconsumers'patriotismwasaroused.

C. BecausethegovernmentencouragespeopletobuyHuaweidevices.

D. Becausethecountry'soverallmarketforsmartphonesisgettingbigger.

（2）Whatcanweconcludefromthethirdparagraph?

A. Huawei'schieffinancialofficerwasarrestedinCanadaduetotheUS'srequest.

B. AllChinesecompaniesshowedtheirsupporttoHuaweiwiththeirpurchase.

C. JusyHongthoughttheUnitedStatesarrestedHuawei'schieffinancialofficer.

D. JusyHongthoughtthearrestofHuawei'schieffinancialofficerisunfair.

（3）Howdoyouunderstandtheunderlinedwordinthefifthparagraph?

A. increasedgreatlyby.                                        

B. reducedgreatlyto.

C. droppedgreatlyby.                                          

D. remainedsteady.

（4）WhyisHuawei'ssuccessinChinamorethanaboutgeopolitics?

A. BecauseHuaweihasthelargestsmartphonemarketintheworld.

B. BecauseHuawei'ssuccessisonlylimitedwithinChinamainland.

C. BecauseHuaweihastheabilitytotargetabiggermarketintheworld.

D. BecauseChineseconsumersarequitesatisfiedwithHuaweismartphones.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）A

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了华为公司在手机市场日益缩小的中国仍然火爆的原因。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的"ThelatesttensionbetweentheUSandChinaraisedthepatriotism（爱国主义）inChineseconsumers,"可知中国消费者的爱国主义被唤起，华为在中国的销售量大增。

故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“Themoveswereagestureofsupportafterthefirm'schieffinancialofficerwasarrestedinCanadainearlyDecemberattherequestoftheUnitedStates.”可知华为的首席财务官因美国的要求在加拿大被捕。

故选A。

（3）考查词义猜测。

根据上文可知华为手机销量大增而苹果手机销量大跌，故推测此处“plunged”意为销量下降。

故选C。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第二段中的“Chineseconsumersloveitsflagship,high-endphonesbecausetheyhavegreatcameras,cuttingedgetechnologyandcostlessthanthelatestiPhones,accordingtoanalysts.”可知中国消费者对华为的智能手机很满意。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和词义猜测两个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   Whenaratherdirty,poorlydressedpersonkneelsatyourfeetandputsouthishandstobegforafewcoins,doyouhurryon,notknowingwhattodo,ordoyoufeelsadandhurriedlyhandoversomemoney?

Whatshouldourattitudetobeggarsbe?

Therecanbenoquestionthattheworldisfullofterriblysadstories.Itmustbeterribletohavenoideawhereournextmealisgoingtocomefrom.Itseemscruelnottogivesomemoneytobeggars.

   Certainly,mostoftheworld'sgreatreligions（宗教）orderustobeopen-heartedandsharewhatwehavewiththoselessfortunatethanourselves.Buthastheworldchanged?

Maybewhatwasmorally（道德方面）rightintheolddays,whenoneknewexactlywhointhevillagehadsufferedmisfortuneandneededhelp,isnolongerthebestidea.Quiteafewpeoplewillnotgivetobeggars.Letuslookattheirarguments.

   First,somebelievethatmanycitybeggarsdressuponpurposetolookpitiableandactuallymakeagoodlivingfrombegging.Givingtobeggarsonlyencouragesthissortofevil（恶行）.Secondly,thereistheworrythatthemoneyyougivewillbespentonbeer,wineordrugs.Thirdly,thereistheopinionthatthereisnorealexcuseforbegging.Onemightbepoor,butthatisnoreasonforlosingone'ssenseofprideandself-dependence.

   Relatedtothisistheopinionthattheproblemshouldbedealtwithbythegovernmentratherthanordinarypeople.Somepeoplethinkbeggarsshouldgotothelocalgovernmentdepartmentandreceivehelp.

   Itishardtocometoanyfinalconclusion;therearevariouscasesandwemustdealwiththemdifferently.Afewcoinscansavealifeinsomesituations,andevenifthemoneyiswasted,thatdoesnottakeawaythemoralgoodnessofthegiver.

（1）Whatismainlydiscussedinthepassage?

A. Moraldeedsofpeople.                                   

B. Religiousactivitiesofthechurch.

C. Moralgoodnessofthegiver.                           D. Argumentsongivingtobeggars.

（2）Whatcanweinferfromthesentence"Buthastheworldchanged?

"inthesecondparagraph?

A. Peoplenolongerknowwhosuffersmisfortuneinthevillage.

B. Somepeoplewillnotdowhatwasmorallyrightinthepast.

C. Wedon'tmeetwiththosewhoneedhelpanymore.

D. Nowitisthegovernment'sdutytohelpthebeggars.

（3）WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

A. Somepeopledressuptopretendtobebeggars.

B. Somebeggarswantmoneytohelptheirchildrengotoschool.

C. Somebeggarsusethemoneytobuydrugs.

D. Somebeggarshavenoexcuseforbegging.

（4）Inthelastparagraph,thewriterthinksthatitishardtocometoanyfinalconclusion,because______.

A. thecasescanbesodifferent                           B. therearesomanybeggars

C. thereissomuchmoneywasted                      D. therearesomanydifferentarguments

【答案】

（1）D

（2）B

（3）B

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了人们过去和现在对乞讨者不同观点及原因，告诉我们不同问题要区别对待。

（1）考查主旨大意。

纵观全文可知，本文论述了人们现在对乞讨者不同观点及原因。

列举了现在人们不给乞讨者钱的几种想法及帮助别人是美德，告诉我们不同问题要区别对待。

故选D。

（2）考查句义猜测。

上句说多数宗教都要求我们敞开心扉和不如自己幸运的人分享。

下句讲或许过去道德上认为是对的现在不再是最好的想法。

前后两句是转折，所以"Buthastheworldchanged?

"指情况发生了改变，人们的观念发生了改变，故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“manycitybeggarsdressuponpurposetolookpitiableandactuallymakeagoodlivingfrombegging.themoney'yougivewillbespentonbeer,wineordrugs.和thereisnorealexcuseforbegging.”可知A、C、D都提到了，B没提到。

故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“Itishardtocometoanyfinalconclusion;therearevariouscasesandwemustdealwiththemdifferently.”可知由于不同情况要区别对待，所以很难做最后结论。

故选A.

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   Positivethinkingisasignificantelementofhappiness.Inordertobecomeapositivethinker,determinationandconsistencyareimportant.Thefirstthingtoknowaboutpositivethinkingisthateveryonecandoit. Withcertaincognitive（认知的）andbehavioralchanges,wecanallbecomepositivethinkers.Anotherimportantfactoristhatbeingapositivethinkerdoesnotmeanyoubecomenumbtoanythingthatisnotworkingproperlyinyourlifeorisnegative-itjustmeansthatyouapproachlifeandfacechallengeswithahealthieroutlook.

   Insteadofselectivelyattendingtonegativeevents,focusonthepositiveones.Thenpayattentiontothedelayedconsequencesofyourbehaviorratherthantheimmediateones.Forexample,ifajobisnotgoinglikeyouwant,focusonthefactthatyouhaveajobandhowyoucantakeyourtimetomakethesituationbetter.

   Challengeanyinternalattributionsandseeifyoucompareyourbehaviortostandardsthatareexcessivelyrigidandperfectionistic.Ifso,changetheseandbereasonablewithyourcomparisons.Forexample,ifyouconstantlycompareyourweaknesseswithotherpeople'sstrengths,thenswitchthisandcompareyourselfwiththosewhoaredoingpoorerthanyouaswell.Overall,peoplewhofocusmoreontheirstrengthsthantheirweaknessesbutatthesametimeareawareoftheirweaknesseshaveahealthierself-evaluationresult.

   Whenfacedwithtoomuchfearaboutasituation,imaginetheworstcaseandvisualizeasolutionforit,thenletgooffear.Thisway,youwillbepreparedforanythingandyourfearwillnotblockyoufrombeingopenandcreativetodifferentsolutions.Forexample,ifyouareconstantlyworriedaboutlosingyourjobuptoapointwhereitiscreatingalotofanxietyandfearandiseffectingyourperformanceandyourhappinessnegatively,thenthinkoflosingyourjob,visualizehowyouwillhandleit,findsolutionsinyourmindandthenletgoofthethoughtandthefearattachedtoit.

   Sopositivethinkersarebetterproblemsolversandhavebetterinteractions.Inadditiontothat,peoplewhoarepositivethinkersarehappierandmoresatisfiedwiththeir