英语阅读级.docx

英语阅读级.docx

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英语阅读级

成都理工大学外国语学院

<大学英语精品课程:

四级阅读补充材料>

（CET-4ReadingComprehensionSupplementaryMaterials）

Passage1

Exchangeaglancewithsomeone,thenlookaway.Doyourealizethatyouhavemadeastatement?

Holdtheglanceforasecondlonger,andyouhavemadeadifferentstatement.Holditfor3seconds,andthemeaninghaschangedagain.Foreverysocialsituation,thereisapermissibletimethatyoucanholdaperson'sgazewithoutbeingintimate,rude,oraggressive.Ifyouareonanelevator,whatgaze-timeareyoupermitted?

Toanswerthisquestion,considerwhatyoutypicallydo.Youverylikelygiveotherpassengersaquickglancetosizethemup（打量）andtoassurethemthatyoumeannothreat.Sincebeingclosetoanotherpersonsignalsthepossibilityofinteraction.Youneedtoemitasignaltellingothersyouwanttobeleftalone.Soyoucutoffeyecontact,whatsociologistErringGoffman（1963）calls"adimmingofthelights."Youlookdownatthefloor,attheindicatorlights,anywherebutintoanotherpassenger'seyes.Shouldyoubreaktheruleagainststaringatastrangeronanelevator,youwillmaketheotherpersonexceedinglyuncomfortable,andyouarelikelytofeelabitstrangeyourself.

Ifyouholdeyecontactformorethan3seconds,whatareyoutellinganotherperson?

Muchdependsonthepersonandthesituation.Forinstance,amanandawomancommunicateinterestinthismanner.Theytypicallygazeateachotherforabout3secondsatatime,thendroptheireyesdownfor3seconds,beforelettingtheireyesmeetagain.Butifonemangivesanothermana3-second-plusstare,hesignals,"lknowyou","laminterestedinyou,"or"YoulookpeculiarandIamcuriousaboutyou."Thistypeofstareoftenproduceshostilefeelings.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthat___.

A）everyglancehasitssignificance

B）staringatapersonisanexpressionofinterest

C）agazelongerthan3secondsisunacceptable

D）aglanceconveysmoremeaningthanwords

2.Ifyouwanttobeleftaloneonanelevator,thebestthingtodois___.

A）tolookintoanotherpassenger'seyes

B）toavoideyecontactwithotherpassengers

C）tosignalyouarenotathreattoanyone

D）tokeepadistancefromotherpassengers

3.By"adimmingofthelights"（Line13,Para.1）ErvingGoffmanmeans___.

A）closingone'seyes

B）turningoffthelights

C）ceasingtoglanceatothers

D）reducinggaze-timetotheminimum

4.Ifoneislookedatbyastrangerfortoolong,hetendstofeel___.

A）depressed

B）uneasy

C）curious

D）amused

5.Thepassagemainlydiscusses___.

A）thelimitationsofeyecontact

B）theexchangeofideasthrougheyecontact

C）properbehaviorinsituations

D）theroleofeyecontactininterpersonalcommunication.

Passage2

GeraldoRiveraiswellknownforhiscompassionateinvestigativereportsonWABC-TVEyewitnessNews.Hehasdoneexposes（揭露性报道）ofNewYorkCity’swelfarehotels,theover-pricingofprescriptiondrugs,anddrugabuse.In1971,hereceivedtheAssociatedPressBroadcasteroftheYearawardfortheprogramDrugCrisisinEastHarlem.Hereceivedtheawardagainin1972fortheprogramMigrants,DirtCheap.

HismostfamousexposehoweverwasdoneonthehorribleconditionsatStatenIsland’sWillowbrookStateSchool.Itistheworld’slargestinstitutionforthementallydisabled.Hisinvestigationbeganwhenheandhiscameracrewgainedaccesstooneofthebuildings.Geraldo’semotionallychargedreportsexposedtheunsanitary（不卫生的）conditionsandneglectful,oftenabusive,treatmentofthepatients.Hecriedoverwhathediscovered,andhemadehisviewerscry,too.Theprogramscreatedapublicpleaforreform,andchangesweremade.GovernorNelsonRockefellerofNewYorkrestored$20milliontotheschool’sslashedbudget.Theprograms—WillowbrookearnedhimtheScripps-HowardAward,anEmmy（埃米金像奖）,andtheRobertF.KennedyJournalismAward.

GeraldoRiverahascontinuedworkingforthementallydisabled.HefoundedOne-to-One,acharity（慈善机构）thatprovidessmallgrouphomesforthecareofthementallydisabledinthecommunity.HehostshugeoutdoorfestivalsforthementallydisabledinNewYorkCity’sCentralPark.Healsowroteabookaboutsomeofthecourageouspeoplehehasmetasaninvestigativejournalist.ItiscalledASpecialKindofCourage.Ashehimselfsays,“Imakenopretense（矫饰）ofobjectivity.ButI’mnotjustinthebusinessofmakingpeoplecry.I’minthebusinessofchange.”

6.GeraldoRiveraisworkingasa（n）______.

A.newsreporterforanewspaperinNewYork

B.investigativereporterforaspecialTVprogram

C.investigativeofficeroftheNewYorkgovernment

D.philanthropist（慈善家）forthewelfareofthementallydisabled

7.HowmanyawardsdidRiverareceiveforhiswork?

A.Two

B.Three

C.Four

D.Five

8.Rivera’sinvestigationandexposeontheconditionsatWillowbrookStateSchoolledto_____.

A.thepublicconcernandrequestforchanges

B.theimprovementoftheconditionsthere

C.aconsiderableincreaseintheschool’sbudget

D.alloftheabove

9.Theterm“One-to-One”inthe3rdparagraphrefersto______.

A.anorganizationinthecommunitythathelpstakebettercareofthementallydisabled

B.adevicethathelpsmentallydisabledbehavethemselves

C.anorganizationthatprovideshomesforthementallydisabled

D.ahospitalthathelpscurethementallydisabled

10.Theauthorsuggestsinthispassagethat_____.

A.Riverahasalwaysbeenobjectiveinreportingwhathefinds

B.Riveranevertriestoconcealhisowncompassioninhisreporting

C.Riverahaschangedpeople’sviewsonthedisabled

D.Rivera’sworkandeffortshavegreatlyimprovedtheconditionsofthedisabledinNewYork.

Passage3

Intheolddays,childrenwerefamiliarwithbirthanddeathaspartoflife.ThisisperhapsthefirstgenerationofAmericanyoungsters（年轻人）whohaveneverbeenclosebyduringthebirthofababyandhaveneverexperiencedthedeathofafamilymember.

Nowadayswhenpeoplegrowold,weoftensendthemtonursinghomes.Whentheygetsick,wetransferthemtoahospital,wherechildrenareforbiddentovisitterminallyillpatients-evenwhenthosepatientsaretheirparents.Thisdeprives（剥夺）thedyingpatientofsignificantfamilymembersduringthelastfewdaysofhislifeanditdeprivesthechildrenofanexperienceofdeath,whichisanimportantlearningexperience.

SomeofmycolleaguesandIonceinterviewedandfollowedapproximately500terminallyiiipatientsinordertofindoutwhattheycouldteachusandhowwecouldbeofmorebenefit,notjusttothembuttothemembersoftheirfamiliesaswell.Weweremostimpressedbythefactthateventhosepatientswhowerenottoldoftheirseriousillnesswerequiteawareofitspotentialoutcome.

Itisimportantforfamilymembers,anddoctorsandnursestounderstandthesepatients'communicationsinordertotrulyunderstandtheirneeds,fears,andfantasies（幻想）.Mostofourpatientswelcomedanotherhumanbeingwithwhomtheycouldtalkopenly,honestly,andfranklyabouttheirtrouble.Manyofthemsharedwithustheirtremendousneedtobeinformed,tobekeptup-to-dateontheirmedicalconditionandtobetoldwhentheendwasnear:

Wefoundoutthatpatientswhohadbeendealtwithopenlyandfranklywerebetterabletocopewiththeapproachofdeathandfinallytoreachatruestageofacceptancepriortodeath.

11.TheeldersofcontemporaryAmericans___.

A）wereoftenabsentwhenafamilymemberwasbornordying

B）werequiteunfamiliarwithbirthanddeath

C）usuallywitnessedthebirthordeathofafamilymember

D）hadoftenexperiencedthefearofdeathaspartoflife

12.ChildreninAmericatodayaredeniedthechance___.

A）tolearnhowtofacedeath

B）tovisitdyingpatients

C）toattendtopatients

D）tohaveaccesstoahospital

13.Fivehundredcriticallyillpatientswereinvestigatedwiththemainpurposeof___.

A）observinghowtheyreactedtothecrisisofdeath

B）helpingthemandtheirfamiliesovercomethefearofdeath

C）findingouttheirattitudetowardstheapproachofdeath

D）learninghowtobesthelpthemandtheirfamilies

14.Theneedofadyingpatientforcompanyshows___.

A）hisdesireforcommunicationwithotherpeople

B）hisfearofapproachingdeath

C）hispessimisticattitudetowardshiscondition

D）hisreluctancetopartwithhisfamily

15.Itmaybeconcludedfromthepassagethat___.

A）dyingpatientsareafraidofbeingtoldoftheapproachofdeath

B）mostdoctorsandnursesunderstandwhatdyingpatientsneed

C）dyingpatientsshouldbetruthfullyinformedoftheircondition

D）mostpatientsareunabletoacceptdeathuntilitisobviouslyinevitable

Passage4

Theoldestandsimplestmethod,then,ofdescribingdifferencesinpersonalitywastoclassifypeopleaccordingtotypes.SuchasystemiscalledaTypology.

AfamousexampleofthismethodwassetforthinGreeceabouttheyear400B.C.AphysiciannamedHippocratestheorizedthattherewerefourfluids,orhumors,inthebody.Correspondingtoeachhumor,hebelieved,thereexistedadefinitetypeofpersonality.

Thefourhumorswereblood,yellowbile（胆汁）,blackbile,andphlegm（黏液）.Apersoninwhomallfourhumorswereinperfectbalancehadaharmonious（和谐的）personality.Ifapersonhadtoomuchblood,hewascalledsanguine,orcheerfulandoptimistic.Someonewithtoomuchyellowbilewascholeric,orirritableandeasilyangered.Toomuchblackbilemadeapersonmelancholy,ordepressedandpessimistic.Anoversupplyofphlegmcausedahumanbeingtobephlegmatic,orslowandunfeeling.ScientistshavelongsincediscardedHippocrates’fluidtheory.Butthenamesofthehumors,correspondingtothesetemperaments（气质）,havesurvivedandarestill