北师大高三英语Unit 32重点词汇.docx

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北师大高三英语Unit 32重点词汇.docx

北师大高三英语Unit32重点词汇

北师大高三英语Unit32重点词汇

一、重点单词:

1.strainn.过度的疲劳,紧张,张力,应变;vt.扭伤,损伤;v.拉紧,扯紧,(使)紧张,尽力;

短语:

strainoffthewater 滤去…中的水;strainoutcoffeegrounds 滤出咖啡渣;strainafter 全力追求,拼命想得到;strainafteraneffect 为求效果而矫揉造作;strainafteroriginality 力求不落俗套;strainagainsttherope 使劲拉绳子;strainat 用力,奋力,努力;strainatacceptinganunpleasantfact 极不愿接受一个不愉快的事实;strainattheleather 使劲拉皮带;strainattheoar 使劲划桨;strainunderaheavyburden 在重压之下苦撑苦度;

用法:

①strain既可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。

用作及物动词时,可接名词或代词作宾语。

②strain作名词,常后接on,表示“对……的重负”;作动词,后接at,表示“拉紧”;后接for或after,表示“使劲”。

如:

Thepaymentofthelawyer’sbillswasagreatstrainonmyresources./Thedogstrainedattherope./Everyonestrainedthroughthedarknessforsomesightofshore.

配套练习:

①Thenoisewassofaintthatyouhadto______yourearstohearit.

A.stirB.strengthenC.strainD.stride

②Itwastheold-worldpolitenessthat________metogoonwiththeunbearableconversationwithhim.

A.obligedB.controlledC.strainedD.upset

③I’mtryingtolearnChinese,andIfinditquite_______.

A.demandingB.dominatingC.competitiveD.straining

④The______thatexistsamongnationscouldcertainlybelessenedifmisunderstandingandmistrustwereremoved.

A.tensionB.strainC.stressD.intensity

⑤Muchofthenewsprovidedbythisnewspaperis_______,notforeign.

 A.domesticB.strainC.purchaseD.murder

2.exceedvt.超越,胜过;vi.超过其他;exceedinglyadv.非常地,极度地;

短语:

exceedallexpectation 出乎一切预料;exceedsb'sestimate 超过某人的估计;exceedthespeedlimit 超过速率限制;exceedfrequently 经常超出;exceedillegally 非法超过;exceedby 超过;exceedin 在…方面胜过;

用法:

exceed的宾语后接in,表示“在……上超过”。

如:

LondonexceedsGlasgowinsizeandpopulation.

配套练习:

①Thepolicewillgiveyouaticketifyou____thespeedlimit.

A.breakB.rejectC.suspendD.exceed

②Thecostofthedamage_________ourworstfears.

A.excelledB.examinedC.exceededD.excess

③Ifyourletterisoverweight,youmustpayforthe_______.

 A.excessB.exceedC.checkedD.chased

④Whatsheachievedinherresearchmight_______whatshehadbeenexpecting.

A.exceedB.exclaimC.excessD.extend

⑤Hecheckedcarefullyto_______thepossibleerrorsinhisdesign.

A.eliminateB.exceedC.enlargeD.vibrate

⑥The______cycleoflifeanddeathisasubjectofinteresttoscientistsandphilosophersalike.

A.incompatibleB.exceedingC.instantaneousD.eternal

3.forecast预报、预测

短语:

forecasttheweather预报天气;aweatherforecast天气预报;forecastachangeinthesituation预示着形势有所变化;forecastabigincreaseinsales 预测销量会大增;forecasttheelectionresult 预测选举结果;forecastthefuture 预测未来;forecastrain 预测有雨;forecastsituation 预测形势;forecastsnow 预测下雪;

用法:

①forecast的基本含义是在某事发生之前告知其将要发生,即“预言,预测,预报”,是指对未来的预报、推测和设想,尤指天气预报,所强调的是预测的结果。

②forecast多用作及物动词,接名词、代词或由that或疑问词引导的从句作宾语。

配套练习:

①Therecentstatementofthepresident___achangeinthesituation.

A.forecastB.forecastedC.wasforecastedD.bothAandB

②Theexperiencedmerchantmade___thatIwouldgetintotroubledoingbusinesswithacompanylikethat.

A.anadviceB.adecisionC.aforecastD.adesign

③Theweatherstationforecaststheweather___everyday.

A.intimeB.ontimeC.attimeD.atthetime

④Theweatherforecastwarnedthatastorm_____.

A.iscomingB.willcomeC.cameD.wascoming

4.shrink(v)(使)收缩、退缩(from);缩短;

短语:

shrinkwithcold冷得缩成一团;shrinkintooneself缩成一团、变得沉默寡言;shrinkfrommeetingstrangers怕见生人;shrinkbackbeforedifficulties 知难而退;shrinkbackfromthehorrifyingspectacle 躲避恐怖的景象;shrinkbackfromtheman 回避那个人;shrinkoutofshape 缩得走了样;shrinkatthethoughtof 想到…就畏缩不前;shrinkfrom 退避,在…前面畏缩;shrinkfromdangers 遇危险退缩;shrinkfrommeetingstrangers 怕见生人;shrinkfromresponsibility 逃避责任;shrinkinthewash (棉织品)洗时要缩水;shrinkintooneself 缩做一团;shrinkintoacorner 缩进角落;shrinktoskeletonsize 减少到最低程度;shrinkwithcold 冷得缩成一团;shrinkwithfear 吓得退缩;shrinkwithwater 缩水;

用法:

shrink可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。

用作及物动词时,接名词或代词作宾语。

shrink作vi,后接from,表示“从……处退缩”;shrunk可作表语,shrunken通常只作定语。

如:

Heshrankfromahardwork./Itissoshrunkthatitnolongerfitsme./Heisshort,shrunkenoldman.

配套练习:

①Theadvertisementsaysthismaterialdoesn't____inthewash,butithas.

A.contractB.shrinkC.slimD.dissolve

②Grainproductionintheworldis_____,butstillmillionsgohungry.

A.staggeringB.shrinkingC.soaringD.suspending

③Accordingtoscientists,ourmentalabilitiesbeginto_____fromtheageof27afterreachingthehighestlevelat22.

A.differB.shrinkC.failD.decline

④Sincehegraduatedfromthecollege,hehasbeen_____experimentsandcalculations.

A.shrinkingB.accumulatingC.accountingD.undertaking

5.file(n)公文柜、档案、文档;编档保存;

短语:

afileofnewspapers报纸合订本;fileasuitagainstsb对某人提出控告;infile依次、鱼贯地;onfile存档;insingle/Indianfile成单行;fileby 成纵队走过;filefor 提出…申请;filefordivorce 申请离婚;fileforajob 申请就业;filein 鱼贯而入,陆续编入;fileinto 成纵队进入;fileintotheroom 鱼贯而入房间;fileonapplication 提出申请书;fileoutoftheroom 鱼贯走出房间;filepast 成纵队走过…;filepasttherostrum 列队走过检阅台;

用法:

①file作vt,宾语后接with,表示向某人呈递某物;宾语后接up,表示把某物存档。

如:

Hefiledtheapplicationwiththedirector./Hefiledthedocumentsup.

②file作“用锉锉”解时,是及物动词,接名词或代词作宾语,也可接由形容词充当补足语的复合宾语。

配套练习:

①Thecompanyisonthevergeofbankruptcy,andhundredsofjobsareat____.

A.portraitB.stakeC.fileD.stick

②Althoughmanyexpertsagreethatmorechildrenareoverweight,thereisdebateoverthebestwaysto____theproblem.

 A.relateB.file  C.attachD.tackle

③Thankyouforapplyingforapositionwithourfirm.Wedonothaveanyopeningsatthistime,butweshallkeepyourapplicationon_______fortwomonths.

A.pileB.segmentC.fileD.sequence

④Theinspectionreporthasalreadybeenfiled_____themanager.

A.withB.aboutC.overD.on

6.exploitvt.开拓,开发,开采,剥削,用以自肥;v.使用;

短语:

beexploitedasexpendable(s) 成了牺牲品;beexploitedby 受…的剥削;beexploitedfor 为…开采;beexploitedtothefull 得到充分利用;beexploitedwith 用…方法来剥削;listentosb'sexploits 听某人的事迹;performexploit 作出业绩;singsb'sexploits 歌颂某人的功绩;

用法:

exploit是及物动词,其后常接名词或代词作宾语。

作动词,宾语可指人,也可指事物,宾语后接for,表示“因……而剥削或开发……”。

如:

Thecompanyexploiteditsworkers.Amineisexploitedforitsminerals.

配套练习:

①Theyaretryingto____thewastedischargedbythefactoryforprofit.

A.exposeB.exhibitC.exhaustD.exploit

②Findingajobcanbe________anddisappointing,andthereforeitisimportantthatyouareprepared.

A.exploitingB.frustratingC.profitingD.misleading

③Theyspentmanyyears_______foroilinthissmallisland.

A.exploringB.explodingC.exposingD.exploiting

④Asacommander,youshouldnot____thesoldierstounnecessarydanger.

A.expressB.exploitC.explodeD.expose

7.roughadj.,n.&adv.艰难的,粗糙的,不适的;草图,略图;粗鲁地,粗略地;过简单不很舒适的生活;

短语:

havearoughtongue说话粗鲁;roughin 画…的轮廓;roughout 作出,写出;roughroad 崎岖的道路;roughsea 狂暴的大海;roughtime 辛酸时期;roughweather 恶劣天气;roughon 对…粗暴的;

用法:

①rough用作副词时意思是“简陋地”,引申可指“粗暴地”“大致地”。

②rough在句中主要用作状语。

③rough的基本意思是“使粗糙”,多指使质料不精细或使之不光滑。

引申可表示“过简陋生活”。

④rough通常只用作及物动词,接名词、代词作宾语。

配套练习:

(1).完成句子

①他们在小岛上过着简单的生活。

______________________onasmallisland.

(2).单项填空:

①Theweathercontinued________,andtheroadswereoftensteep.

A.officialB.roughC.reliableD.straight

②Gasolineisprocessedfrom____oil.

A.rawB.roughC.crudeD.tough

③Wehavehadtoraiseourpricesbecauseoftheincreaseinthecostof____materials.

A.primitiveB.roughC.originalD.raw

④Ajeepisidealfordrivingover_________terrain.

A.smoothB.evenC.roughD.steep

8.coordinatevt.使协调,使调和;

短语:

coordinatewith 使与…协调;coordinatewitheachother 互相策应,互相配合;coordinatebranches 同等部门;coordinatesentence 并列句;coordinateone'sefforts 齐心协力;coordinategrowth 协调发展;coordinateoperations 协调操作;coordinatetheworkforce 协调劳力;

用法:

①coordinate的基本意思是“使协调,使调和”,指力量、行动等配合得适当。

②coordinate是及物动词,后多接抽象名词作简单宾语,可用于被动语态,其主语多为人。

配套练习:

Tomorrowthemayoristo_____agroupofCanadianbusinessmenonatourofthecity.

A.coordinateB.cooperateC.accompanyD.associate 

②Thisexpertwill____hisremarkstoe-businessthistime.

A.coordinateB.renderC.confineD.depict

③Everything _____ tomakethepartyasuccess.

A.coordinatedB.cooperatedC.accompaniedD.associated

④Youhave _____ agreatservicetothecountry.

A.coordinatedB.renderedC.confinedD.depicted

⑤Ourprogramisdifferentinthatitstressesthetechnicalskillsthatbusinessandindustryseekasthey_________theInternetintotheirenterprisesystems.

A.coordinateB.connectC.importD.incorporate

9.opponentn.对手,反对者;

短语:

attacktheopponent 攻击对手;beattheopponent 击败对手;condemntheopponent 谴责对手;bitteropponent 死对头;formidableopponent 难以对付的对手;powerfulopponent 强大的对手;opponentsofapartheid 反对种族隔离的人;opponentstoabill 议案的反对者;

比较:

opponent,adversary,antagonist,enemy,foe

foe的意思是“仇敌”,主要用于文学语言中,常与friend相对;adversary意为“对手,反对者”,可指“反对的一方”,也可指敌人;antagonist指积极采取敌对行为的“对抗者”,尤指在争权夺霸过程中的“敌手”;enemy意为“敌人,仇敌”,是普通用语,在指“敌军”时,常用单数形式;opponent意为“对手”,多指比赛、辩论或竞争中的对方,一般不表示有积极的敌意。

配套练习:

①They’reinterviewingthree_____forthepostofsalesmanager.

A.sponsorsB.candidatesC.advocatesD.opponents

②IguessJonesdidn’thaveachancetowintheelection.Almostallofthepeopleinthecityvotedforhis____.

A.opponentB.candidateC.colleagueD.advocate

③Tobe candid_____,Idon'tlikeyourhairstyle. 

A.opponentB.candidateC.colleagueD.advocate

④LiuXiang,thefamousChineserunner,___allhisopponents,___the110-metrehurdlesinthe27thOlympicGames.

A.winning;wonB.beating;winningC.defeated;wonD.beating;won

⑤Jackwantstobe_______whenhegrowsup.

A.abarB.acousinC.anopponentD.anastronaut

10.intentionn.意图,目的;

短语:

byintention 故意做;apersonofgoodintention 好心人;withgoodintentions 好心好意地;withoutintention 无意地;intentionfor… 的动机;intention

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