北师大高三英语Unit 28重点词汇.docx
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北师大高三英语Unit28重点词汇
北师大高三英语Unit28重点词汇
一、重点单词:
1.relievevt.减轻,解除,援救,救济,换班;
短语:
relievetheboy'sarmofpain 减轻了孩子手臂的疼痛;relieveeffectually 有效地减轻;relievegreatly 大为减轻;relievepainlessly 无痛地除去;relievespiritually 精神上减轻;relieveultimately 最后解除;relieveagainst 在…衬托下;relieveat 因…感到宽慰;relieveby 镶在…边上;relievesbfrom 使摆脱,解除;relievesbfromanxiety 消除某人的忧虑;relieve...of 使摆脱,解除;relieveofsb'scommand 解除某人的指挥权;relievesboftheburden 减轻某人的负担;relievewith 用…来衬托;relieveone’sfeelings发泄感情;relievesb.of使某人解除;
用法:
①relieve是及物动词,接名词或代词作宾语。
②relieve的宾语指人时,后接from或of,前强调状态,后强调对象;宾语指事物、状态时,常后接with或不接介词;常用被动结构,后接against,表示“在……的衬托下”;后接at或不定式,表示“因……而感到宽慰”;后接of,表示“被免除(职务)”。
如:
relievesbfromanxiety;/Yourcomingrelievesmeofthebother./Sherelievedthedullnessoftheeveningwithafewsongs./Themountainisrelievedagainstthebluesky./Iwasrelievedatthenews./Hewasrelievedofhispost.
配套练习:
(1).单项填空:
①Aftertheaccident,thetruckdriverwas___forcutsandbruises.
A.treatedB.curedC.correctedD.relieved
②Don’t___thisnewstothepublicuntilwegiveyoutogoahead.
A.releaseB.relieveC.relateD.Retain
③Ithinkacolddrinkcan___youafteryourlonghotjourney.
A.recoverB.rewardC.relieveD.refresh
④Thelittlegirlwassofrightenedthatshejustwouldn't_____hergriponmyarm.
A.loosenB.removeC.relieveD.dismiss
(2).完成句子
①Thiswill___________(减轻压力)onthetrainstosomeextent.
②Theminister_____________________(被解除了职务).
2.filtern.滤波器,过滤器,滤光器,筛选;vt.过滤,渗透,用过滤法除去;vi.滤过,渗入,(消息等)走漏,慢慢传开;
短语:
filtertip 过滤嘴香烟;passsththroughafilter 过滤某东西;filterlight 露出亮光;filterwater 过滤水;filteroff 滤掉(某物);filterout 滤出,泄露;filteroutthefacts 泄露出去事实真相;filterthrough 逐渐被理解;filterinto 渗入,传入;filterintothecountry 渗入国内;filterintoJapan 渗入日本;filterintopeople'sminds 渗入人心;filterthrough 渗透,滤过,透露;
用法:
①filter可用作及物动词也可用作不及物动词。
用作及物动词时,接名词或代词作宾语,可用于被动结构。
②filter接out表示“滤出”“泄露出去”;后接through,表示“过滤”。
如:
Theyfilteredthewaterthroughaclothtoremovethedirt.后接into,表示“渗入”。
如:
Enemymanagedtofilterintothecountry.
配套练习:
①Theyarehopingto____theJapanesemarketwiththeirlatestproduct.
A.transmitB.plungeC.penetrateD.filter
②Tomcouldnot____thelastproblemonthearithmetictest.
A.filloutB.figureoutC.findoutD.filterout
③Whattheyproducedhasnoany_______value.Butitisveryusefultotheirresearch.
A.filterB.foldC.partialD.commercial
④We’ll____youforanydamagedonetoyourhousewhileweareinit.
A.filterB.hookC.swallowD.compensate
⑤Thenewsbeganto____throughtotheoutsideworld.
A.pourB.filterC.broadcastD.drip
3.excessn.过度,剩于,无节制,超过,超额;adj.过度的,额外的;excessiveadj.过多的,过分的,额外;
短语:
excessbaggage 超重行李;excessdetails 过多的细节;excessfat 过多的脂肪;excessfurniture 多余的家具;excesssleep 过多的睡眠;gotoexcess 走极端;in〔to〕excess 过度(地),太;excessindrinking 纵饮过度;excessof 超过,超越,过度,过多的量;
用法:
excess后接of,表示“过度的”;后接of,of的宾语后再接over,表示“超过……的部分”。
如:
Hehasanexcessofenergy.Theexcessof7over5is2.
配套练习:
①Mycasesweretooheavy,andtheairlinechargedme$40for____baggage.
A.extensiveB.exclusiveC.extremeD.excess
②Thecostofthedamage_________ourworstfears.
A.excelledB.examinedC.exceededD.excess
③Willallthose________theproposalraisetheirhands?
A.inrelationtoB.incontrasttoC.inexcessofD.infavorof
④Ifyourletterisoverweight,youmustpayforthe_______.
A.excessB.exceedC.checkedD.chased
⑤Whatsheachievedinherresearchmight_______whatshehadbeenexpecting.
A.exceedB.exclaimC.excessD.extend
4.easen.安逸;舒适;v.减轻(痛苦,忧虑);缓和;放松
短语:
atease感到舒适而无忧虑;感到放松,不拘束;withease毫不费劲地,轻而易举地;beillatease局促不安,心神不宁;putsb.athisease使某人宽心;setsb.'sheartatease使安心,安慰某人;socialease毫不拘束,态度自然;standatease(口令)稍息;takeone'sease休息,悠闲;easefromcare 无忧无虑;easeofmind 心情舒畅;easeoneselfintoachair 慢慢地坐到椅子上;easesbof 使某人舒适〔安心〕,减轻(痛苦,忧虑等);easesbofthepain 消除痛苦;easesbofhispurse 抢人钱包;easesbofhistroubles 消除某人的烦恼;
用法:
①ease可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。
用作及物动词时常接名词或代词作宾语,主语可以是人,也可以是物/事物。
②ease用作不及物动词时,主语多为物。
有时主动形式含有被动意义。
配套练习:
(1).完成句子
①听说孩子们都很安全,她才放心。
Hermind___________knowingthatthechildrenweresafe.
②她不断练习奏鸣曲直到熟练为止。
Shepracticeduntilshecouldplaythesonata___________.
(2).单项填空:
①Hefeltcompletely_____ease_____Mary.
A.at;withB.at;toC.with;withD.to;to
②EveryMondaymorning,alltheteachersandstudentsinourschoolstandat____asournationalflagisraised.
A.attentionB.attentionsC.ateaseD.attentively
③Theoldcouplearenowquite astheirsonisoutofdanger.
A.atleastB.atlastC.atriskD.atease
④—Howwasyourinterviewwiththefamousbasketballplayer-YaoMing?
—Iwasquitenervousatfirst,buthiswarmsmileputme .
A.inactionB.ateaseC.onworkD.onwatch
5.adorev.崇拜;爱慕;喜爱(相当于worship,admire)
短语:
adoresth./doingsth.喜欢某物/做某事;adoreafamousscientist 崇拜一位著名的科学家;adorethisfilm 十分喜欢这部电影;adoreabsolutely 绝对地疼爱;adoreblindly 盲目崇拜;adorefaithfully 虔诚地崇拜;adorepassionately 热情地崇拜;adoresimply 就是崇拜;adore...as 把…当作…崇拜;adore...for 因…崇拜…;adore...withtruedevotion 虔诚地崇拜;
用法:
①adore的基本意思是极度地“热爱,爱慕”,指感情上为一个爱慕对象的魅力所倾倒;也可作“敬仰,崇拜”解,指把某人或物当作神或神圣的东西来崇拜或信奉。
多接指人的名词,也可接以as短语充当补足语的复合宾语,作此解时不用于进行体。
②在口语中,adore也可作“非常喜欢”解,后面可接动名词或动词不定式作宾语。
配套练习:
(1).用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
①They_________(adore)herasalivinggoddess.
②Sheadores________(visit)museums.
③Iwouldadore________(settle)backhomeland.
(2).单项填空:
①He_____hiswifeandchildren.
A.adoreB.wasadoringC.admireD.adored
②Sheadores_____tothetheatre.
A.togoB.goingC.goesD.go
③Youaremyreasontolive.AllIownIwouldgivejusttohaveyou_____me.
A.adoreB.adoringC.toadoreD.adored
④Think_____howtheyalladoreyou!
A.aboutB.backC.ofD.over
6.bathevt.沐浴,洗;沉浸;
短语:
batheincoldwater 洗冷水浴;batheinmoonlight 沐浴在月光中;batheintears 泪流满面;batheoneselfinwater 把自己浸在水里;goforabathe 去游泳;have/takeabathe 游泳;batheawound 清洗伤口;
用法:
①bathe的基本意思是“泡在水里”。
在美式英语中可作“洗澡”“游泳”解。
作“自己洗澡,游泳”解时用作不及物动词;作“给…洗澡”解时用作及物动词。
常用于被动结构。
②bathe作“冲洗”解时用作及物动词,主要指用水或药水等液体冲洗眼睛或伤口等。
表示“用…冲洗”时其后面可接介词with。
③bathe用于比喻,可表示“沐浴”“笼罩”在日〔月〕光下或水〔汗水〕中,这时多接介词in,常用于被动结构。
④bathe用作名词时是英国用语,它是相对于室内洗澡的,到海、湖、河的室外“洗澡,游泳”。
bathe通常用作单数形式,常与a连用。
配套练习:
①Thevalleywas_____insunlight,andthechildrenweresingingandjumpingwithjoy
A.bathedB.coveredC.swamD.surrounded
②Thesunbegantoriseinthesky,________themountainingoldenlight.
A.bathedB.bathingC.tohavebathedD.havebathed
③Therewasaclearanddancingmountainstreamin_____wetookourmorning bathe everyday.
A.whereB.whatC.thatD.which
④Iwent_____a bathe thismorning.
A.toB.forC.towardsD.outof
7.smoothadj.平滑的,平坦的,平稳的;
短语:
smoothtothetouch 手感平滑;smoothasheet 抚平床单;smooththeanger 平息愤怒;smoothaway 消除,克服,使容易,使顺利;smoothawaymisunderstanding 消除误会;smoothawayobstacles 消除障碍;smoothdown 弄光,使平滑;smoothoutahandkerchief 把手绢弄平;smoothoutdifficulties 排除困难;smoothover 掩饰,调停,平息,排除;
用法:
①smooth用作动词的意思是“使光滑”“使平坦”,引申则可表示“使顺利”。
②smooth用作及物动词,接名词或代词作宾语。
可用于被动结构。
配套练习:
①Thegirlisalways___withchildrenandalwaysspeaksina___voice,sosheisfitforajobinakindergarten.
A.soft;softB.gentle;smoothC.gentle;gentleD.soft;gentle
②Thereisno________evidencethatpeoplecancontroltheirdreams,atleastinexperimentalsituationsinalab.
A.rigidB.solidC.smoothD.harsh
③ThoughhewasbornandbroughtupinAmerica,hecanspeak__________Chinese.
A.smoothB.fluentC.fluidD.flowing
④Thetyphoonlaidthetrees__________withtheground.
A.smoothB.everC.evenD.flat
⑤Ajeepisidealfordrivingover_________terrain.
A.smoothB.evenC.roughD.steep
8.creditn.赞扬,荣誉,功劳;
短语:
purchaseforcredit 赊买;accountincredit 存款户;amanofcredit 有声望的人;oncredit 挂账,赊账;buysthoncredit 赊购某物;sellsthoncredit 赊账;entersthtosb'scredit 把…记在某人的账上;withoutcredit 不讲信誉;creditinhistory 历史学分;creditofthestore 商店的信誉;creditto… 的光荣;credittoparents 父母的光荣;
用法:
①credit作“赊购,赊欠”解时,一般只用作不可数名词,常与介词on连用;作“赞扬,荣誉,功劳”解时,通常也用作不可数名词,与介词to连用表示“给…带来荣誉”,与for连用表示“赞扬”或“受到赞扬”的原因。
②credit是及物动词,接名词或代词作宾语。
常用于creditsthtosb或creditsbwithsth结构中。
配套练习:
①Theplanwassoshallowandimpracticalthatnoserious________wasevermadetorealizeit.
A.recognition B.comment C.attempt D.credit
②Fluencyinthreelanguages____herforworkintheEuropeanParliament.
A.qualifiesB.enablesC.creditsD.deserves
③Themayor______thepoliceofficeramedalofhonorforhisheroicdeedinrescuingtheearthquakevictims.
A.rewardedB.awardedC.creditedD.prized
④Hisbusinesswasverysuccessful,butitwasatthe______ofhisfamilylife.
A.consumptionB.creditC.exhaustionD.expense
⑤It______youtoatleast50%offtheregularpriceofeitherframesorlenseswhenyoubuyboth.
A.presentsB.entitlesC.creditsD.tips
Thisticket_________youtoafreemealinournewrestaurant.
A.givesB.grantsC.entitlesD.credits
9.proneadj.易于发生(不愉快事)的;
短语:
proneto倾于...;accidentprone易出事故的;pronebed卧椅;pronebombing俯冲轰炸;fireprone有火灾危险;proneposition卧姿;pronefloat俯卧漂浮姿势;
用法:
prone作“易于…的;很可能…的”解时常用作表语,其后常接介词to引起的短语,也常接动词不定式。
配套练习:
①Astronautsare____allkindsoftestsbeforetheyareactuallysentupinaspacecraft.
A.inclinedtoB.subjectedtoC.pronetoD.boundto
②Doctorsareinterestedinusinglasersasasurgicaltoolinoperationsonpeoplewhoare_____toheartattack.
A.proneB.disposedC.infectionsD.accessible
③Weight lifting, or any other sport that builds up your muscles, can make bones
become denser and less___ to injury.
A. attachedB. proneC. immuneD. reconciled
④Weakpeopleare prone _____cold.