江苏省徐州市铜山区马坡镇届中考英语总复习专项练习专题十非谓语动词学案无答.docx
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江苏省徐州市铜山区马坡镇届中考英语总复习专项练习专题十非谓语动词学案无答
专题(十)非谓语动词
【学习目标】
1.掌握非谓语动词的形式及用法。
2.掌握非谓语动词的做题技巧。
3.能够熟练运用谓语动词,非谓语动词的相关知识完成中考题型:
“用所给动词的正确形式填空”。
【学生自学】
1.非谓语动词是指不定式、动名词,分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)
2.非谓语动词的特点:
三种非谓语动词都具有动词的特征,虽然它们没人称和数的变化,但是它们都能带自己的状语或有时跟宾语。
它们都有各自的特征:
不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、补足语,定语或状语。
动名词具有名词的特征,在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语和定语。
分词具有形容词和副词的特征,在句子中可以做定语、表语、状语或补足语等。
【预习展示】
1.分析非谓语动词在句子中的成分:
主语
宾语
表语
宾补
定语
状语
不定式
动名词
分词
2.用动词的正确形式填空。
(1)__________________(climb)mountainsisinteresting.(主语)
(2)Hiswishis_____________(buy)anewcarinthenearfuture.(表语)
(3)Weoftenpractice______________(play)footballafterschool.(宾语)
(4)Myparentsdonotallowme___________(go)outafter6p.m.(宾补)
(5)Ihavesomethingimportant___________(tell)you.(定语)
(6)Sheranfast____________(catch)thefirstbus.(状语)
【教师精讲】
1、动词不定式:
动词不定式是由to+动词原形构成,在句中起名词,形容词和副词的作用,可以担任除
谓语以外的其它任何成分。
(1)动词不定式作主语:
____________(Learn)Englishisveryimportant.
动词不定式作主语时可以放在后面,而用it作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。
It'snecessary____________(find)thewitness.
(2)动词不定式作宾语:
某些及物动词可以用动词不定式作宾语,如,afford,pretend,agree,wish,fail,plan,prefer,happen,prepare,decide,learn,choose,hope,promise,want/wouldlike,refuse,decidelearn
Theboypromised_______________(notbe)lateforschoolagain.
(3)动词不定式作宾语补语
常见的用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有ask,get,allow,prefer,request,advise,help,recommend,remind,invite,intend,require,tell,like,order,warn,enable,need,encourage,want,teach,wish
Pleaseaskhim____________(come)herequickly.
Theteachertoldthestudents___________(notshout)inclass.
(4)动词不定式作表语
主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish等为中心的名词,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式作表语是对主语起解释说明作用
WhatIshoulddois___________(finish)thetasksoon..
Mypurposeis_____________(help)yousolveyourproblem.
(5)动词不定式作定语:
Therearemanyways___________(solve)theproblem.。
Ihavesomethingimportant____________(tell)you.
不定式作定语,应注意两种关系:
(1)动宾关系:
Hehasalotofhomeworktodo.(doalotofhomework)
Heislookingforaroomtolivein.(liveinaroom)
(2)主谓关系:
Sheisalwaysthelasttospeakatthemeeting.
(6)不定式作状语:
(1)原因
Heislucky_________(get)hereontime.
这种结构中常用的形容词有:
happy,glad,pleased,sorry,lucky,proud,angry
surprised,frightened,ready,clever
(2)目的
Hecame___________(help)mewithmymaths.
(3)结果
Ihurriedtogetthereonly__________(find)himout
(7)注意:
①动词不定式的否定形式:
not+
to+动词原形
Theteachertoldus_________(notswim)inthatriver.
It'sunfa
ir_______________(nottell)us.
②带疑问词的不定式:
疑问词who,what,which,when,where,how,可以加在不定式的前面,构成不定式短语,使含义更加具体。
Where___________(go)isnotknownyet.
Idon'tknowwhen_____________(begin).
③不定式省略to的基本规律
a.在let,make,have等使役动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须省略to。
如:
Mymotherwouldn’tletme_________(go)tothefilm.
Idon’tlikemilk,butmotheroftenmakesme___________(drink)it.
b.在see,hear,observe,notice,feel,watch等感官动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式
须省略to。
Iwatchedher__________(get)intothecar.
Isawthewoman______________(enter)abank.
使役动词,感官动词用于被动语态时,其后的不定式必须带to。
Thewomanwasseen____________(enter)abank.
c.在动词help后宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以省略to。
CanIhelpyou_______________(carry}thisheavybox?
d.whynot…?
之后的不定式省略to。
Whynot_________(ask)theteacher?
e.用作介词except,but宾语的不定式有时带to,有时不带to。
其大致原则是:
若
前面出现了实意动词do,其后的不定式不带to;若其前没有实意动词do,则其后
的不定式带to。
如:
Ihadnochoicebut_____________(wait).
Shecandoeverythingexcept_____
______(cook).
f.当两个或多个作用相同的不定式并列时,通常只需在第一个不定式前用to,其余
不定式前的to可以省略。
Hetoldmetostaythereandwaitforhim.
g.在一定的上下文中,为了避免重复,有时不定式可以省略,但通常保留不定式符号to。
如:
IshallgoifIwantto.
Don’tgotillItellyouto.
h.若被省略的不定式为tobe短语,则通常应保留tobe。
如:
Heisnotthemanheusedtobe.
i.下列短语中的
to都是介词:
thanksto,devoteto,belongto,beusedto,lookforwardto,payattentionto
Wearelookingforwardto_____________(hear)fromyou.
2、动
名词
动名词是由动词原形+ing构成,在句中可作主语,宾语,表语和定语。
(1)动名词作主语:
_____________(talk)likethatisnotpolite.
_____________(learn)fromothersisimportant.
(2)动名词作表语:
Thenurse'sjobis___________(look)afterthepatients.
Seeingisbelieving.
如果主语是不定式,表语也用不定式。
Toseeistobelieve.
(3)动名词作宾语
有些动词须用动名词来作宾语,它们是allow,advise,suggest,finish,enjoy,keep,practice,mind,dislike,consider等
Doyoumind
____________(open)thewindows?
(4)动名词作定语
Sheisstudyinginthe____________(read)room.
Hesleptinthe_______________(sleep)bag.
(5)注意:
(1)动名词的否定形式:
not+动名词
Hepretend_________________(notknow)itatall.
Weconsidered_______________(notdo)itnow.
(2)动词作宾语时主要用不定式和动名词,注意以下四种情况:
①只能接动名词的动词有:
consider,dislike,enjoy,finish,keep,mind,practice等.
②只能接不定式的动词有:
decide,hope,promise,refuse,agree等.
③能跟动名词和不定式意义无区别的动词有:
love,like,hate,begin,continue,start等
④下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义有区别
forgettodo…忘记要做某事forgetdoing…忘记做了某事
remembertodo…记住要做某事rememberdoing…记着做了某事
meantodo…打算要做某事meandoing…意味着做了某事
trytodo…尽力去做某事trydoing…试着做某事
stoptodo…停下来去做(另一件事)stopdoing…停止做某事
goontodo…接着做(另外一件事)goondoing…继续做某事
(6)常见短语
havedifficulty/trouble/problemdoinghavefun/agoodtimedoing
can’thelpdoingbeworthdoingbeusedtodoing
3、分词
分词分为现在分词(动词+ing)过去分词(动词+ed),它在句中起形容词或副词的作用,可以作定语,表语,宾语补足语或状语。
(1)分词作定语;
作定语的分词要放在被修饰的名词之前,如果是分词短语则放在被修饰的名词之后,如被修饰的名词是something,anything,everything,nothing等,分词放在被修饰名词的后面。
Chinaisa____________(develop)country.
Thegirl________________(sing)forusistenyearsold.
现在分词作定语时和所修饰词之间是主谓关系,过去分词和所修饰词之间是动宾关系。
The__________(work)peoplehaveplayedagreatroleintheactivity.
Theboy___________(hurt)bythecarwassenttothehospital.
现在分词和动名词都可以作定语,和所修饰词有主谓关系的是分词,否则为动名词。
aswimminggirl游泳的女孩。
(分词)
aswimmingpool游泳的池子(动名词)
(2)分词作状语
Wearinganewpairofglasses,shecanreadeasily.
Toldbytheteacher,sheknewshewaswrong.
(3)分词作表语
Thestoryis___________(interest).
Weare____________(interest)incomputer.
(4)分词作宾语补足语
可以跟分词宾语补足语的动词有see,watch,hear,keep,find,have,get等词,和宾语是主谓关系宾补用现在分词,和宾语是动宾关系宾补用过去分词,
Iheardthem________(sing)inthenextroomat8:
00yesterdayevening.
Shehadherbike_________(repair).
【演练展示】
·直击中考·
()1.Remember______offthelightswhenyouleavetheroom,please.(2013黑龙江绥化)
A.toturn
B.turningC.turn
()2.Jessica'sparentsalwaysencourageher__________outheropinions.(2013辽宁鞍山)
A.speakB.speakingC.tospeakD.willspeak
()3.HewantstohavehisTV________.(2013黑龙江绥化)
A.repairingB.repairedC.torepair
()4.—I’mnewhere.(2013浙江舟山、嘉兴)
—Don’tworry.I’lldowhatIcan________you.
A.helpB.tohelpC.inviteD.toinvite
()5.Ialwaystellmystudents_____ontheroadbecauseit’sreallydangerous.(2013广东广州)
A.nottoplayB.toplaynotC.notplayingD.notplay
()6.—Dad,whymustIstop______computergames?
(2013湖北孝感)
—Foryourhealth,myboy.
A.playB.toplayC.toplayingD.playing
()7.—Drivingless,walkingmoreisg
oodforourhealth.(2013湖北襄阳)
—SoI'dratheranhour'swalktoworkthanconsideracar.
A.take,driveB.take,todriveC.take,drivingD.taking,driving
()8.—IwillgotoHarbinformysummervacation.Whataboutyou?
(2013山东济宁)
—Ihaven’tdecidedwhere________.
A.goB.wentC.goingD.togo
()9.—Howisyourgrandma?
(2013湖北黄冈)
—She’sfine.Sheusedto____TVathomeaftersupper.Butnowsheisusedto_____outforawalk.[
A.watch;goB.watching;goC.watching;goingD.watch;going
()10.Don’tthrowawaythewastepaper.Itneedssothatitcanbereused.
(2013江苏无锡)
A.todestroyB.destroyingC.tocollectD.collecting
()11.Paulmadeanicecage______thelittlesickbirdtillitcouldfly.(2013江苏苏州)
A.keepB.keptC.keepingD.tokeep
()12.She’snotstrongenough_________walkingupmountains.(2013浙江杭州)
A.togoB.goingC.goD.went
()13.Ifoundaletter____onthefloorwhenIcameintotheclassroom.(2013广东梅州)
A.lyingB.layC.lieD.lies
()14.OurEnglishteacheroftensaystous,“____Englishwellisveryimportant”(2013四川内江)
A.LearnB.LearningC.LearnedD.Tolearning
()15.—I’mlookingforwardto____myparentssoon.Whataboutyou?
(2013四川广安)
—Metoo.
A.seeingB.seeC.saw
()16.—WhyisLinlinpracticingspeakingEnglish?
(2013山东泰安)
—_______abroadforfurtherstudy.
A.GoB.GoneC.TogoD.Goes
()17.I'msleepy.Iprefer________athometogoingoutforawalk.(2013江苏徐州)
A.sleepingB.tosleepC.sleptD.sleep
()18.Attimes,parentsfinditdifficult________withtheirteenagechildren.(2013江苏淮安)
A.talkB.talkedC.talkingD.totalk
()19.Hepromised______hisoldfriendduringhisstayinTianjin.(2013天津)
A.seeB.seeingC.sawD.tosee
()20.—Excuseme.Couldyoutellme______gettothenearestpostoffice?
—Sorry,Iamnewhere.(2013山东威海)
A.howcanIB.howIcouldC.howtoD.whatIcan
【当堂检测】
“动词的正确形式填空”做题技巧
1.确定确定动词的形式,动词为谓语动词,则考虑时态和语态。
2.确定正确的语态
根据主语与动作的关系确定语态,主语为动作的执行者,用主动语态;主语为动作的承受者,用被动语态。
3.确定正确的时态
(1)根据时间状语确定时态.时间状语与时态有着密切的关系.
(2)根据上下文来确定时态
(3)根据主从句的关系来确定时态.
(4)根据语言习惯来确定时态
4.确定动词的非谓语形式,动词在句子中担当除谓语以外其他成分,则根据动词用法考虑使用动词不定式,动名词或是分词。
用括号中所给动词的正确形式填空,使短文完整。
(6分)Late in the afternoon, the boys put up their tent in the middle of a field. As soon as this________(do), they cooked a meal over
an open fire. They were all hungry and the food smelled good.
Afterawonderfulmeal,theytoldstories and sang songs by the campfire.Butsometimelateritbegan _______( rain). The boys felt tired so t
hey put out the fire and _________(go) into their
tent. Their___________( sleep) bags were warm and comfortable, so they all