词汇学.docx

词汇学.docx

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词汇学

词汇学

Assignments（派生法思考题）：

1.Whatarethecharacteristicsofprefixesandsuffixes?

2.Whatisaffixation?

什么是词缀法？

What’sthedifferencebetweenprefixationandsuffixation?

3.Whatarethecharacteristicsofprefixesandsuffixes?

前缀和后缀的特点？

4.Eachofthefollowingsentencescontainsawordprintedinitalics.Completethesentencebyusingthiswordtoformanountoreferroaperson.

a.Ifyouareemployedbyacompany,youareoneofits_____.

b.A_____issomeonewhosejobispolitics.

c.The_____inadiscussionarethepeoplewhoparticipateinit.

d.Awomanwhoworksasa_____doesthesamejobasawaiter.

e.Thepersonwhoconductsanorchestraorchoiriscalled_____.

f.Your_____isthepersonwhoteachesyou.

g.A_____issomeonewhoearnstheirlivingbyplayingthepiano.

h.Ifsomeoneexaminesyou,youarethe_____andheorsheisthe_____.

答案：

employee,politician,participator,waitress,

conductor,teacher,pianist,examinee,examiner

Compounding复合词

1.以所列单词为第一个成分，根据定义写出复合词。

A.green

1.astretchofland,roundatown,wherebuildingisnotallowed,sothatfields,woods,etc.,remain:

________

2.ashop-keeperwhosellsvegetablesandfruit:

_____

3.ayoung,inexperiencedperson,especiallymale,whoiseasilycheated:

_________

4.aroominatheatreorconcerthallwhereactors,musicians,etc.,canrestwhennotperforming:

________

B.hand

1.asmallbagforawomantocarryher.moneyandpersonalthingsin:

________

2.ashortbookgivingallthemostimportantinformationaboutasubject:

________

3.anapparatusthatstopsavehicle,workedbythe,driver'shand:

____

4.abarofwoodormetalfixedbesideaplacewhereonewalksfor,holdingonto,especiallynearstairs;________

C.after

1.thecareortreatmenttosomeoneafteraperiodinhospital,prison,etc.:

______

2.aneffect（usuallyunpleasant）thatfollowssometimeafterthecauseorafterthemaineffect:

______

3.atastethatstaysinthemouthafterthefoodthatcauseditisnolongerthere:

_______

4.anideathatcomeslater:

_____

D.sleeping

1.alargethickenvelopeorbagofwarmmaterialforsleepinginwhencamping:

_____

2.arailwaycarriagewithbedsforpassengers:

_____

3.apillwhichhelpsapersontosleep:

_____

4.apartnerinabusinesswhotakesnoactivepartinitsopera-tion:

_______

E;running

1.apersonwithwhomanotherisrunningforapairofpoliticalpositionsofgreaterorlessimportance,especiallythoseofPresidentandVice-President:

_____

2.handwritinginwhichthelettersareslantedandthewordsformedwithoutliftingthepen:

______.

3.aheadlinerepeatedonconsecutivepages（asofabook）:

_______

4.afootboardespeciallyatthesideofanautomobile:

_______

F.wash

1.alargefixedbasinforwaterforwashingone'shandsandface:

_______

2.amovableboardwithawavysurfaceagainstwhichclothesmayberubbedwhenwashing:

______|

3.awomanwhosejobistowashclothes,ofteninherownhome:

_______

4.acloththatisusedforwashingone'sfaceandbody:

_____

G.sun

1.theconditionofhavingsore.skinafterexperiencingtheeffectsofstrongsunlight:

______

2.aflashofsunlight,especiallythroughabreakinclouds:

_____

3.thetimewhenthesunisseentodisappearasnightbegins:

_____

4.strongsunlight,aswhentherearenoclouds:

_____

H.break

1.asuddenfailureinoperation:

_____

2.theunlawfulcanteringofabuilding,usingforce:

______

3.theactionofforcingawaythroughtheenemy:

______

4.adivisionintosmallerparts:

_____

I.out

1.asuddenappearanceorbeginningofsomethingbad:

______

2.apublicshowofanger:

_____

3.moneyspentforapurpose:

______

4.awaythroughwhichsomething（usuallyaliquidoragas）maygoout:

_____

答案

A.greenbeltgreengrocergreenhorngreenroom

B.handbaghandbookhandbrakehandrail

C.aftercareaftereffectaftertasteafterthought

D.sleepingbagsleepingcarsleepingpillsleepingpartner

E.runningmaterunninghandrunningheadrunningboard

F.washbasinwashboardwasherwomawashcloth

G.sunburnsunburstsunsetsunshine

H.breakdownbreak-inbreakthroughbreakup

I.outbreakoutcryoutlayoutlet

Conversion转化

找出下列句子中由名词转化的动词

1.Ashy,frightenedchildstoodbeforeagovernmentinspectorinaPolishschoolroom."NametheCzarofRussia,"hebarked;thegirldidsoinavoicewhichshetriedtokeepsteady.（）

2.Atoncethevillagersformedacircleandstartedmovingaroundme,singingtotheaccompanimentofakol-a.（）

3.AgamemnonwiththerestoftheGreekarmysailedawayintheirshipsatnight.（）

4.AlmostbeforetheTrojanscouldarmthemselvesandlongbeforetheycouldmakeanyplansfordefense,thecitywaslost,highbuildingswerefallingandflameswereshootinghighintothesky.（）

5.Ibegantoseethelight:

ofcourse,thesnatchers—-alwaysyoungmen,evenboys—wouldexpectalargepursestuffedwithmoneyandallkindsofvaluables.（）

6.Afewyearsagothelandladylockedthefrontdoorandinstalledabellandbuzzersystem,whichmadeburglarymoredifficultthoughnotimpossible.（）

7.Anupstairstenant,whohappenedtobelookingoutofhiswindow,camerunningdown,questionedthemenanddemandedtheiridentification.（）

8.Thechildrenheadedtowardschool,carryingslatesandfollowedbytheirdogs.（）

9.Likethetrunkofatree,itroseintheair,branchingoutasitclimbed.（）

10.Anhourwentbyanddarknessstillshroudedeverything.（）

11.Theyboardedboatsandgotaway,livingtotellthetaleoftheircity'sdestruction.（）

12.Theday-to-dayeffectofdirtyairishardtomeasure,andmostpeopletakeitforgranted.（）

13.Whenthesegasesmixwithfog,smogresults.（）

14.Thereareafewsuccessstoriesinbattlingairpollution.（）

15.Pollutioncanbetrappedbeforetheypouroutofchimneys—

andapollution-freecarcanbebuilt.（）

16.Ifnationstradeditemforitem,suchasoneautomobilefor.10,000bagsofcoffee,foreigntradewouldbeextremelycumbersomeandrestrictive.（）

17.She'stheonewho'ssappedyourconfidence.（）

18..Hisplaceontheseatwastakenalmostimmediatelybyayoungman,fairlywelldressedbutscarcelymorecheerfulthantheother.（）

19.Theyoungmanquicklyremovedanydoubtbypocketingthemoney.（）

20.Butthepreparationonwhichhelaidthecolourswasdefective,andtheystartedtoflakeoffeveninLeonardo'sownlifetime.（）

答案：

1.name2.form3.sail

4.Arm5.stuff6.lock

7.question8.head9.branch

10.shroud11.board12.measure

13.result14.battle15.trap

16.trade17.sap18.drpss

-^

19.pocket20.flake

找出下列句子中由形容词转化的动词

1.Calmingdown,Iconvincedmyselfthiswassomethingthathadtohappenonceinalifetime.（）

2.SuchwasPompeiionitslastday.Andsoitisto-day,nowthatthevolcanicashhasbeenclearedaway.（）

3.Housesandclothesmustbecleanedmorefrequently.（）

4.Inthenineteenthandtwentiethcenturies,thechemicalindustryturnedoutmanynewproductswhich,saysLucyKavalerinherbookDangerousAir,"helpedraisethestandardoflivingandlowerthestandardofair.”（）

5.Bomin1879,inLJln,Germany,EinsteinwastwoyearsoldwhenhisparentsmovedtoMunich.Therehisfatheropened'abusinessinelectricalsupplies.（）

6.TheAcademyofSciencewasclosedtohim;hishousewassearchedforweapons;helosthisprofessorship;allhispropertywasseized;andfinallyhisGermancitizenshipwastakenaway.（）

7.Whentheoilisheated,thefirstvapourstorisearecooledandbecomethefinestpetrol.（）

8.Heemptiedoutallhispocketsontothetable.（）

9.Partoftheoldwallfellontheworkman,andittookhalfanhourtofreehim.（）

10.Thewetclotheswillsoondryinthesun.（）

答案：

1.calm2.clear3.clean

4.lower5.open6.close

7.cool8.empty9.free

10.dry

找出下列句子中由动词转化的名词

1.Whyisthisenormousincreaseinpopulationtakingplace?

ItisreallyduetothespreadoftheknowledgeandthepracticeofwhatiscomingtobecalledDeathControl.（）

2.InthenineteenthcenturyonegreatdiscoverycametotheaidofthesurgeonwhenJamesYoungSimpsonexperimentedwithanaesthetics.（）

3.Iknowmyfriendsfromthefeeloftheirfaces.（）

4.ButIcannotreallypicturetheirpersonalitiesbytouch.（）

5."Nobody'ssayinganything,"saidJames,betweenserves.（）

6.Grandpagaveheroneofhisslowgrins.（）

7.AndFabingavehimanappealinglook.（）

8.Iwilltrytoexplaintoyouwhathasgivenrisetotheseslandersandgivenmeabadname.（）

9.Rexcouldholdabaseballwitheaseinhismouthinonecheek,asifitwereachewoftobacco.（）

10.TheyinsistedthatwegetridofRex,butwewereveryhappywithhim,andnobodycouldhavemadeusgivehimup.（）

答案：

1.increase,spread

4.touch

7.look

10.rid

2.aid3.feel

5.serve6.grin

8.rise9.chew

5.将下列各组词按褒义-中性–贬义的顺序排列。

Fashionable,modish,stylishfashionable,stylish,modish

Accumulate,gather,hoardaccumulate,gather,hoard,

Accomplice,companion,friendfriend,companion,accomplice,

Careful,meticulous,scrupulousscrupulous,careful,meticulous,

Anger,indignation,rageindignation,anger,rage

Backward,developing,underdevelopeddeveloping,underdeveloped,backward,

Clique,club,groupclub,group,clique,

Encourage,instigate,promotepromote,encourage,instigate,

Flaw,shortcoming,sinshortcoming,flaw,sin

Forget,neglect,overlookoverlook,forget,neglect,

选择适当单词填入句子。

1.Hewaitedwith（baited,bated）breath.

2.Thebrotherandsisterareboth（blonds,blondes）.

3.Thereisa（brake,break）intheclouds.

4.Her（bridal,bridle）gownwa