Shipping Glossary 航运专业术语.docx

Shipping Glossary 航运专业术语.docx

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ShippingGlossary航运专业术语

Absorption

Theassumptionthatthecarrierwillcoverextraordinaryorotherspecialchargeswithoutincreasingthepricetotheshipper.

Accessorial

（1）AccessorialCharges-Chargesmadeforadditional,special,orsupplementalservices,normallyoverandabovetheline-haulservices.

（2）AccessorialService-Servicerenderedbyacarrierinadditiontotransportationservices.（e.g.sorting,packing,precooling,heating,storage.）

Accessorial

（1）AccessorialCharges-Chargesmadeforadditional,special,orsupplementalservices,normallyoverandabovetheline-haulservices.

（2）AccessorialService-Servicerenderedbyacarrierinadditiontotransportationservices.（e.g.sorting,packing,precooling,heating,storage.）

ActofGod

Anextraordinaryforceofnature（asaseverefloodorearthquake）thatexperience,prescience,orcarecannotreasonablyforeseeorprevent.

ActivityBasedCosting（ABC）

Anaccountingsystemthatmeasuresthecostandperformanceofspecificactivitiesperformedwithinanorganization.Forexample,anABCapproachmightmeasurethecostincurredbytheaccountsreceivabledepartmentinhandlingcallsforbillingerrors,whereasthetraditionalaccountingapproachignorestheactivityandmeasuresthecostoftheaccountsreceivabledepartmentasapercentageofrevenue.

Add-Ons

Additionalchargesaboveoceanfreight

Advisingbank

Bankwhereshippernegotiatedocumentsorwheredocumentsarefirstpresented,usuallyatcountryororigin.（AlsooftenreferredtoasNegotiatingbank）

Agent

（1）abbreviationfor'FreightAgent'.

（2）aperson,associationorcorporationauthorisedtopublishandfileratesandprovisionsforacarrier'saccountintariffspublishedintheagent'sname.（3）onethatactsfor,orintheplaceof,anotherbyauthorityfromhime.g.a（business）representative,emissary,orofficialofagovernment.

Agent

（1）abbreviationfor'FreightAgent'.

（2）aperson,associationorcorporationauthorisedtopublishandfileratesandprovisionsforacarrier'saccountintariffspublishedintheagent'sname.（3）onethatactsfor,orintheplaceof,anotherbyauthorityfromhime.g.a（business）representative,emissary,orofficialofagovernment.

AggregatedShipments

Numerousshipmentsfromdifferentshippers,deliveredtooneconsignee,thatareconsolidatedandtreatedasasingleconsignment.

AI

AllInclusive

AirFreightForwarder

Anon-assetbasedfirmthatnegotiateslowshippingrateswithairlines,thentakesordersatahigherrateinordertomakeaprofitusingtheairline'+char（39）+'sassetstomovetheproduct.

AllWater

Whenashipmentistransportedfromitsorigintodestinationsolelybywatertransportation.

AnyQuantity[AQ]

Aratingthatappliestoanarticleregardlessofweight.

Arbitrary

（1）Afixedamountwhichatransportationlineagreestoacceptinadividingjointrate;

（2）Afixedamountaddedtoordeductedfromonestationtomakearatefromanotherstation;（3）Afixedamountaddedtoordeductedfromaratetoonestationtomakearatetoanotherstation;（4）Anallowanceaddedtoanemployee'srateofpayinadditiontoregularwages,basedonprovisionsincludedintheunioncontract.

ArrivalNotice

Documentationthatnotifiestheconsigneeofarrivalinformationforthegoodsandthefreightchargesduetobepaidinexchangeforthegoods.

Asset-Based,ThirdPartyProvider

Athird-partyproviderthatownstransportationand/orwarehouseassets.

Assignment

（1）Thetransfertoanotherofone'slegalinterestorright;

（2）especiallythetransferofpropertytobeheldintrustortobeusedforthebenefitofcreditors;（3）thedocumentbywhichsuchaninterestorrightistransferred.

ATD

ArtificialTweenDecksFortyfeetlong,eightfeetwide,onefootthicksteelplatformwithhardwoodflooring.Equippedwithtenbullringsforsecuringoversized,heavyliftorwheeledcargo.

AverageInventory

Theaverageinventoryleveloveraperiodoftime.

BackHaul

ToobtaintransportonthehomerunfromBtoAafterhavingperformedafulltransportfromAtoB.

BankGuarantee

（1）Undercertaincircumstances,acceptedinlieuoforiginalBillofLadingtoreleasecargo.

（2）Astatementissuedbyanimporter'sbankguaranteeingthepaymentof（L/C）draftstotheexporterortothecarrier.（3）Otherformsofguaranteesbybanksinfavourofabeneficiary

Banker'+char（39）+'sAcceptance

Aformoffinancingusedinimport/exporttransactions.

BarCode

Aseriesofbarsandspacesreadbyascanningdevicefortranslationintoanumericoralphanumericidentificationcodethatrepresentsdatainmachine-readableorcomputerisedform.

Barge

Conveyanceusedtocarryloosecargoorcontainersinsmallvolumes.

BasePort

Portsfromwhichstandardtariffratesapplytothosenormallyserviceddirectlybymembers.

BaseRate

Rateusedonlyforconstructionofotherrates.

Bay

Sectionofvesselinwhichcontainersareheld.

Benchmarking

Theprocessofcomparingafirm'+char（39）+'sperformanceagainstthepracticesofotherleadingcompanies-inoroutsideofanindustry-forthepurposeofimprovingperformance.Companiesalsobenchmarkinternallybytrackingandcomparingpastperformance.

Berth

Vesseldockingarea

BestPractice

Alsoknownascompetitivebenchmarking,themethodologythatdeterminesstate-of-industryperformanceorapplication

BillofExchange

（1）Asigned,writtenorderbyonecompanythatinstructsanothercompanytopayathirdpartyaspecificamount.

（2）Anunconditionalwrittenorderaddressedbyonepersontoanotherandsignedbythepersongivingit.Itrequirestheperson,towhomitisaddressed,topayondemandoratafixedordeterminablefuturetime,acertainsumofmoneytotheorderofaspecifiedpersonortobearer.Thedraweenotbeingliableonituntilhehasacceptedit.（3）Usuallyusedinforeigntransactions.

BillofLading

Legaldocumentsignedbyorforthecaptain/master,agents,ownersofavesselorthe（common）carrier.Itiswrittenevidenceofthecontractofcarriagebyseaand/orbyland.Itis

（1）areceiptofthegoods（intheowner'+char（39）+'s/carrier'+char（39）+'sorhis/theiragent'+char（39）+'scustody）and

（2）anundertakingtosafelycarryanddeliverthegoodsattheplacedirected/agreed,dangersoftheseaexcepted,against（3）surrenderofthedocumentwhere/whenprovisionsinthedocumentstipulatedeliverytoorderofanamedperson,toorder（blank）ortobearerand4）Itevidencesthetermsofthecontractofcarriage.

BondedWarehouse

Warehouseownedbypersonsapprovedbytherelevantcustomandexciseauthorities（forexampleintheU.S.itistheTreasuryDepartment）,andunderbond（orguarantee）forthestrictobservanceoftherevenuelaws.Utilisedforstoringgoodsuntildutiesarepaidorgoodsareotherwiseproperlyreleased.

Booking

（1）Actofrecordingarrangementsforthemovement/transportationofgoodsbyvesselorotherconveyance.

（2）Toexpressinadvanceadesireforsomethinginordertoreserveite.g.transportationofgoods.（3）Synonymousterm:

'Bookingrequest'.

BoxRate

Alumpsumchargedtomovecargoinvarioussizecontainersfromorigintodestination.

BreakBulk

Cargowhichisnotcontainerisedduetoitsweightand/orsizee.g.steelpipes,boatsetc.

Broker

Apersonorfirm,otherthanamotorcarrieroragentofamotorcarrierthatasaprincipaloragentsells,offersforsale,orholdsitselfoutbysolicitation,advertisement,orotherwiseasselling,providing,orarrangingfortransportationbymotorcarrierforcompetition.Abrokerisamiddlemanthatbringstogethertheshipperandcarrier;abrokerdoesnottakeresponsibilityforthetransportation.Anagent/middlemanwhoforafeeorcommissionnegotiatescontracte.g.purchaseandsale（suchasrealestate,commoditiesorsecurities）betweenbuyersandsellerswithouthimselftakingtitletothatwhichisthesubjectofnegotiationandusuallywithouthavingphysicalpossessionofit.

BrokerageLicense

AuthoritygrantedbytheInterstateCommerceCommission（ICC）topersonstoengageinthebusinessofarrangingfortransportationofpersonsorpropertyininterstatecommerce.

BunkerAdjustmentFactor（BAF）

Surchargeassessedbycarrierwhichisappliedtofreightratestosupplementanunexpectedriseinfuelcosts.

BunkerSurcharge

Surchargeassessedbycarrierwhichisappliedtofreightratestosupplementanunexpectedriseinfuelcosts.

C&F

CostandFreightTermsofsaleSellerquotespriceincludingthecostofgoodsandalltransportationchargestothenamedpointofdestination.

Cabotage

Tradeortransportincoastalwatersorbetweentwoports/pointswithinacountryespeciallybyotherthandomesticcarriers.Manycountries,liketheU.S.,havelawsrequiringdomestic-ownedvesselstoperformdomesticinterportwatertransportationservices.

CargoBays

Doorsatwarehousewherevehiclesbackuptoload/unloadcargo.

CargoManifest

Aninvoiceofallcargoloadedonboardavessel.Listingofallcargoonboardavesselisrequiredbytherelevantlocalauthorities.SameasManifest

Carrier'+char（39）+'sCertificate

AReleaseOrderusedtoadvisecustomsofthedetailsoftheshipment,itsownership,portoflading,etc.Bymeansofthisdocumentthecarriercertifiesthatthefirmorindividualnamedinthecertificateistheownerorconsigneeofthecargo.ItisanU.S.Customsformusedinlieuofbilloflading.