高考英语语法复习学案.docx

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高考英语语法复习学案.docx

高考英语语法复习学案

高考英语语法复习学案

五大基本句型

1.主(n./pron./todosth/doingsth/主语从句)——谓(vi.)(如:

come,go,arrive,stay,work,fall,rise,die,happen,fail,appear,lie,sit,stand,last)

(1).Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.

(2).Yourbrotherhasgonehome.

(3).WeworkhardatEnglish.

2.主----谓(vt.如:

visit,spend,forget,raise,have,seat,astonish,satisfy,embarass)---宾(n./pron./todosth/doingsth/宾语从句)

(1).Istudychemistryandhestudiesphysics.

(2).Ihaveneverseensuchaninterestingfilm.

(3).Hedoesn'tknowwhattoread.

3.主-------谓(vt.)------间接宾语(sb)-------直接宾语(sth.)

(1).Givesbsth=Givesthtosb:

send,pass,hand,show

(2).Buysbsth=Buysthforsb:

make,get,cook,call,find

(3).Asksbsth=Asksthofsb

(1).Willyoulendmeyourbike?

(2).PeterboughtMaryanewdress.

(3).Pleasegethimsomehotwater.

(4).Willyoutellussthaboutyourschoollife?

(5).Thislittleboyisalwaysaskingtheteacherallsortsofquestions.

(6).Passmethepaper,please.

(7)JohnisteachingMaryhowtorideabicycle.

4.主----谓(vt.)-----宾-----补(n./adj/adv/介词短语/todosth----如:

ask,tell,order,want,wish,encourage,allow,forbid/Dosth----如:

“四看”、“二听”、“一感觉”;have,let与make/Doingsth/Donebysb.)

(1).Isawherenterthelab.

(2).NathanHalefelthisheartbeatingfast.

(3).Weelectedhimourschoolheadmaster.

(4).Thestudentsoftenkeeptheirclassroomcleanandtidy.

(5).I'llhavethebikerepaired.

(6).Iheardhimsinginghappilyinthenextroom.

(7).Thatmanmadetheboyobeyhim.

(8).Hepaintedthedoorred.

(9).Shefoundherbikestolen.

(10).letmehavealook.WecallherXiaoli.

(11).Weaskedthemtostayforlunch.

(12).Iwishyoutogowithme.

(13).Don'tkeepyourmotherwaiting.

(14).suddenlyshesawawalletlyingontheground.

(15).Whenhewokeup,hefoundhimselftieddown.

5.主-----系

(be/look,smell,taste,sound,feel/prove,remain,stay,keep/turn,get,become,make)----表。

(1).Thenewswasexciting.

(2).Hewasexcitedatthenews.

(3).Theteachers'officeiscleanandtidy.

(4).ShebecameaLeaguememberin1978.

(5).TheSummerPalacelooksespeciallybeautifulintheearlymorning.

(6).Themusicsoundssweet.

(7).Youranswerdoesn'tsoundright.

(8).Thedishsmellsgood/delicious.

(9).Theliquidtastesbitter.

(10).MyjobistoteachEnglish./teachingEnglish.

(11).Thisstoryisveryinteresting.

(12).I'minterestedinthestory.

(13).Hebecameawriterin1960.比较:

Heturnedwriterin1960.

(14).Hewillmakeagoodathlete.(成为)

希望你能熟记上述经典例句,真正掌握这五大基本句型呀。

定语从句

1.什么叫定语从句?

先行词?

引导词?

定语从句的位置如何?

(1).Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.

(2).ThenoodlesthatIcookedweredeliicious.

(3).Whoisthemanthatisreadingoverthere?

(4).ThegirlthatwesawyesterdaywasJim'ssister.

(5).Thefishwhichweboughtwerenotfresh.

(6).Whoisthepersonwhomyoujusttalkedto?

(6).Mrs.Readisthepersontowhomyoushouldwrite.

(7).IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.

(8).Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.

(9).Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.

(10).WeiFangisthestudentwhosehomecaughtfirelastnight.

2.定语从句的引导词分为5个关系代词:

(1).who--指人,在从句中作主语。

(2).whom--指人,在从句中作宾语。

(3).whose--指人或物,在从句中作定语。

(4).which---指物,在从句指作主语或宾语;which还可以作定语起到限定词的作用(this/that/these/those),但其前面必须有介词。

(5).that--指人或物,在从句指作主语或宾语。

(5)as---指人或物,在从句中作主、宾、表,既可以引导限制性定语从句(thesame-----as,such---as,as/so---as),也可以引导非限制性定语从句(位置灵活).

3个关系副词:

(1).when--指时间,在从句中作时间状语。

(2).where--指地点,在从句中作地点状语。

(3).why--指原因,在从句中作原因状语。

注意:

判断用关系代词还是用关系副词,主要取决于什么?

取决于引导词在从句中所充当的成分:

若引导词在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语时,须用关系代词;若引导词在从句中充当状语时,须用关系副词。

(1).I'llneverforgettheday_____yousavedme.

 That'sthespecialday_______I'llneverforget.

(2).Thisisthehouse_____myauntlivedlastyear.

 Thisisthehouse______myauntboughtlastyear.

(3).We'llvisitthevillage,______wasoncethesiteofafamousbattle.

We'llvisitthevillage,______afamousbattleoncetookplace.

(4).Oct.1,1949wastheday______we'llneverforget.

 Oct.1,1949wastheday_____thePRCwasfounded.

(5)Helosthistemper,atwhichpointIdecidedtogohome.此时我决定回家

(6)ChaplinwenttotheStatesin1910,bywhichtimehehadlearnedtodanceandactincomedies.

(7)Hissoninsistedonjoiningthearmy,inwhichcasehehadtogivein.

3.一般来说,that/which都可以指物(可互用),但在下列情况下,必须用that指物,不用which.

(1).当先行词本身为不定代词时:

all,much,little,sth,anything,everything,noyhing.

(2).当先行词被adj最高级/序数词修饰时。

(3).当先行词被thevery(正是、就是)、theonly、thelast修饰时。

(1).Allthatglittersisnotgold.

Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.

Youcantakeanyroomthatyoulike.

Thereisnodifficultythatwecan'tovercome.

ThisisthelasttimethatI'llgiveyoualesson.

ThisistheverybookthatI'mafter.

Chinaisnotthecountrythatitusedtobe.(关系代词在从句中作表语时)

4.As引导的定语从句:

(as在定语从句中必须充当成分:

主语、宾语、表语)

(1).Thesame--------as--------

(2).Such----------as--------

(3).As-clause,main-clause.==Main-clause,as-clause.

(4).such/as-------as-------

(5)as/so------as--------

(1).Asweknow,morethan70%oftheearth'ssurfaceiscoveredbywater.

(2).Thiselephantislikeasnake,asanybodycansee.

(3).Thiskindofcomputer,asiswell-known,isoutofdate.

(5).ThisisthesamebagasIlostyesterday.

(6).Ihavethesametroubleasyou(have).

(7).Don'ttalkaboutsuchthingsasyoudonotunderstand.

(8).Airisagas,asisknowntous.

   Asweallknow,airisagas.

   Air,asweknow,isagas.

(9)Hecanliftsoheavyastoneasnooneelsecan.

比较:

Thisissoheavyastone/suchaheavystonethatnoonecanliftit.(结果状语从句)

   Thisissoheavyastone/suchaheavystoneasnoonecanlift.(定语从句)

注意:

1.as引导的非限制性定语从句常有,只能指代整个主句的内容,不能指代单个先行词:

“如同-------那样”:

asweknow/asisknowntoall,asweallcansee,ashasbeensaidbefore/above,ashasbeenpointedout,asmightbeexpected(正如所预料的那样),asisoftenthecase(情况常常是这样),

2.which在非限制性定语从句中,既可以指代整个主句,也可以指代单个先行词。

指代的是先行词本身而不是主句时,不可用as代替which.

3.在非限制性定语从句中作主语时,which既可作系动词be的主语,也可作实义动词的主语,而as只能作系动词be的主语。

(1)Theappletree,whichIplantedlastyear,hasnotanyfruit.

(2)Hemarriedher,which/aswasnatural.

(3)Hesawthegirl,whichdelightedhim.

5.特殊的句型

(1).Doallonecantodosth.

 Dowhatonecantodosth.

 Do/tryone'sbesttodosth.

(2).Idon'tliketheway(that)youwalk

 Idon'tliketheway(inwhich)youwalk.

(3).This/Itisthe1st/2ndtimethatIhavedonesth.

 This/Itwasthe1st/2ndtimethatIhaddonesth.

(4).Helivesinthehousewhosewindowfacessouth.

 Helivesinthehousethewindowofwhichfacessouth.

 Helivesinthehouseofwhichthewindowfacessouth.

(5).Heenteredthemeetinghall,inthefrontofwhichweresittingsomeimportantmen.

(6)比较:

Asisreportedinthenewspaper,talksbetweenthe2countriesaremakingprogress.

  Itisreportedinthenewspaperthattalksbetweenthe2countriesaremakingprogress.

 Whatisreportedinthenewspaperisthattalksbetweenthe2countriesaremakingprogress.

(7)Wewentuptotheroof,fromwherewehadagoodviewoftheprocession.

 Theystoodnearthewindow,fromwherewecouldseethewholegarden.

注意:

(1)No/never/not--------先行词-------But----=that------not或who------not:

“没有--------不----的”

  

(2)当先行词是case,condition,situation,position,point,stage 等名词时,表示情况、方面、处境时,用关系副词where.但先行词是occasion时,用关系副词when.

(!

)Therewasnomanbutadmiredhim=nomanwhodidn'tadmirehim.

(2)Thereisnodificultybutmaybesmoothedaway.=nodifficultythatmaynotbesmoothedaway.

(3)Therearesomecases,wherethisroledoesn'tholdgood.(适用)

(4)InChinathereisnoonebutknowsLeiFeng.

(5)Thereisnorulebuthasexceptions.

(6)Hersisterhasbeecomealawyer,_____shewantedtobe.

A.who B.what C.that D.which(关系代词指代人的职业、身份)

6.相似结构,注意辨别:

(1)*Isthismuseum_______theyvisitedyesterday?

 *Isthisthemuseum_______theyvisitedyesterday?

*Isthismuseum________theystayedyesterday?

 *Itwasthemuseum_______yousawmanytreasures.

 *Itwasinthemuseum_______yousawmanytreasures.

 *Itwasinthemuseum_____youdroppedinthatyousawmanytreasures.

(2).Shelivedinthehouse________sheusedtolive.

            _________sheusedtolivein.

            _________sheusedtodropin.

            _________sheusedtovisit.

            _________windowswerebroken.

           thewindows______werebroken.

           and__________windowswerebrokken.

           _____thebrokenwindows.

A.where  B.inwhich  C.atwhich  D.that  E.which  F.its   G.with   

H.ofwhich I.whose  J.不填 K.theone(that)

(3).______isknownisthathehasgonetocollege.

 ______isknownthathehasgonetocollege.

_____isknown,hehasgonetocollege.

 Weallknow_______hehasgonetocollege.

 Hehasgonetocollege,________madeussurprised.

 Hehasgonetocollegeand_____madeussurprised.

 Hehasgonetocollege,_____surprisedus.

 Hehasgonetocollege,______Iamsurprisedat.

 _____surprisedusmostwas______hehasgonetocollege.

 A.It B.As C.Which  D.What  E.that

 (4).Heissuchagoodteacher______wealllike.

  Heissuchagoodteacher_____wealllikehim.

  Heissuchagoodteacher,_____weallknow.

  Heisagoodteacher,_____makesusrespecthim.

   A.as B.that C.which

(5).HearrivedinBeijingin1984,_________hebecameamanagersomeyearslater.

 HearrivedinBeijingin1984,_______wasimportantforhim.

 HearrivedinBeijingin1984,_______hewasalreadyinhisfifties.

 HearrivedinBeijingin1984,and_____hebecamefamous.

 Itwasin1984_____hearrivedinBeijing.

 A.when  B.where  C.which D.there  E.that

名词性从句

(一)、什么叫名词性从句?

名词性从句在复句中的位置如何?

1.主语从句-----谓语------宾语.

(1).Whetheritistrueremainsaquestion.

(2).Whetherhewillgoornothasnotbeendecided.

(3).Itisn'tquiteclearwhyshedidit.

(4).Itisnotknownwhereshehasgone.

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