315基础英语含阅读与写作doc.docx

315基础英语含阅读与写作doc.docx

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315基础英语含阅读与写作doc

315基础英语（含阅读与写作）

2006年研究生基础英语考试题

I.GrammarandStructure.（10scores）

1.Thefactthatspaceexplorationhasincreaseddramaticallyinthepastthirtyyears__________.

（A）isanevidenceofuswantingtoknowmoreofoursolarsystem

（B）ishowwewanttolearnmoreaboutthesolarsystem

（C）indicatesthatweareveryeagertolearnallwecanaboutoursolarsystem

（D）ispointingtoevidenceofourintentiontoknowalotmoreaboutwhatiscalledoursolarsystem

2.Thecommitteehasmetand________________.

（A）theyhavereachedadecision

（B）ithasformulatedthemselvessomeopinions

（C）itsdecisionwasreachedat

（D）ithasreachedadecision

3.Havingbeenservedlunch,______________.

（A）theproblemwasdiscussedbythemembersofthecommittee

（B）thecommitteemembersdiscussedtheproblem

（C）itwasdiscussedbythecommitteememberstheproblem

（D）adiscussionoftheproblemwasmadebythemembersofthecommittee

4.Thechairmanrequestedthat______________.

（A）themembersstudiedmorecarefullytheproblem

（B）theproblemwasmoreandcarelesslystudied

（C）withmorecarefulnesstheproblemcouldbestudied

（D）themembersstudytheproblemmorecarefully

5.Mr.Brownwasconcernedthathisunpopularposition___________adisastrouseffectonhiscareer.

（A）couldbe

（B）mighthave

（C）hadbeen

（D）wouldbe

6.Heexplanationmadetheproblem______________.

（A）evenmorecomplicated

（B）tobeevenmorecomplicated

（C）thatitbecameevenmorecomplicated

（D）beingeventoomorecomplicated

7.______________,itwillhaveaneffectonthedrinker.

（A）Neverthelessmildwineseems

（B）Eventhoughmildwineseems

（C）Unlessmildwineseems

（D）Howevermildwineseems

8.Hetoldme__________wouldcome,butonlyafewturnedup.

（A）manyLindafriends

（B）manyLinda’sfriends

（C）manyofLinda’sfriends

（D）manyfriendsofLinda

9.Richardwasaskedtowithdrawfromgraduateschoolbecause___________.

（A）theybelievedhewasnotreallyabletocompletetheresearch

（B）hewasdeemedincapableofcompletingtheresearch

（C）itwasdecidedthathewasnotcapabletocompletetheresearch

（D）hisabilitytofinishtheresearchwasnotbelievedortrusted

10.Amajorproblemintheconstructionofnewbuildings______________.

（A）isthatwindowshavebeeneliminatedwhileairconditioningsystemshavenotbeenperfected

（B）istheyhaveeliminatedwindowsandstilldon’thavegoodairconditioning

（C）isbecausewindowsareeliminatedbutairconditionersdon’tworkgood

（D）isdependentonthefactwhiletheyhaveeliminatedwindows,theyarenotcapabletoproduceefficientairconditioningsystems

11.Animalwatcherspointoutthattherabbitchewsdowntreestogetfoodandmaterial_______itshome.

（A）withthattobuild

（B）withwhichtobuild

（C）whichtobebuiltin

（D）whichtobuildin

12.Schoolsoftenhave_________atmosphere,withitstimetablesanddisciplines,toallowhimmuchtimeforindependentassessmentoftheworkheisaskedtodo.

（A）toorestrictingan

（B）sorestrictingan

（C）toorestrictedan

（D）sorestrictedan

13.Advertisingisdistinguishedfromotherformsofcommunicationinthattheadvertiserpaysforthemessage__________.

（A）havingbeendelivered

（B）beingdelivered

（C）tobedelivered

（D）todeliver

14.“Doyouregretpayingfivehundreddollarsforthepainting?

”“No,Iwouldgladlyhavepaid_________forit.”

（A）twicesomuch

（B）twiceasmuch

（C）muchastwice

（D）somuchtwice

15.Whenthelightscameonagain,hardlyapersoninthecity______________onaswitchwithoutreflectinghowgreataservanthehadathisfinger-tips.

（A）needhaveturned

（B）shouldhaveturned

（C）musthaveturned

（D）canhaveturned

16.Inourworkit’s__________unusualtobeconfrontedwithfailuresbutweshouldinnowaybediscouragedonthataccount.

（A）something

（B）nothing

（C）anything

（D）everything

17.Youhaven’tlearnedtheword-orderinspokenquestionsyetbutI'msureyou____________itbeforetheendofthisweek.

（A）havelearned

（B）willlearn

（C）willhavelearned

（D）willbelearning

18.Eveninthedaysofsmoky,coal-burningengines,trainsmadetheirownventilation_________pushingandpullingairthroughtunnels.

（A）by

（B）for

（C）with

（D）in

19.Today’sconsumersbuy,enjoy,useanddiscardmoretypesofgoods___________couldpossiblyhavebeenimaginedevenafewyearsago.

（A）that

（B）as

（C）but

（D）than

20.I’djustassoonyou__________byplanebecauseIthinkyouwillhavetogetthereintimefortheconferencewhichistobeheldtomorrowmorning.

（A）wouldgo

（B）willgo

（C）went

（D）shouldgo

II.ReadingComprehension（25scores）

（1）

Manyobjectsindailyusehaveclearlybeeninfluencedbyscience,buttheirformandfunction,theirdimensionsandappearance,weredeterminedbytechnologists,designers,inventors,andengineers---usingnonscientificmodesofthought.Manyfeaturesandqualitiesoftheobjectsthatatechnologiststhinksaboutcannotbereducedtounambiguousverbaldescriptions;theyaredealtwithinthemindbyavisual,nonverbalprocess.Inthedevelopmentofwesterntechnology,ithasbeennonverbalthinking,byandlarge,thathasfixedtheoutlinesandfilledinthedetailsofourmaterialsurroundings.Pyramids,cathedrals,androcketsexistnotbecauseofgeometryorthermodynamics,butbecausetheywerefirstapictureinthemindsofthosewhobuiltthem.

Thecreativeshapingprocessofatechnologist’smindcanbeseeninnearlyeveryartifactthatexists.Forexample,indesigningadieselengine,atechnologistmightimpressindividualwaysofnonverbalthinkingonthemachinebycontinuallyusinganintuitivesenseofrightnessandfitness.Whatwouldbetheshapeofthecombustionchamber?

Whereshouldthevalvesbeplaced?

Shouldithavealongorshortpiston?

Suchquestionshavearangeofanswersthataresuppliedbyexperience,byphysicalrequirements,bylimitationsofavailablespace,andbyasenseofform.Somedecisions,suchaswallthicknessandpindiameter,maydependonscientificcalculations,butthenon-scientificcomponentofdesignremainsprimary.

Designcourses,then,shouldbeanessentialelementinengineeringcurricula.Nonverbalthinking,acentralmechanisminengineeringdesign,involvesperceptions,whichisindispensableforanartist.Becauseperceptiveprocessesarenotassumedtoneed“hardthinking,”nonverbalthoughtissometimesseenasaprimitivestageinthedevelopmentofcognitiveprocessesandisinferiortoverbalormathematicalthought.ButitisparadoxicalthatwhenthestaffoftheHistoricAmericanEngineeringRecordwishedtohavedrawingsmadeofmachinesandisometricviewsofindustrialprocessesforitshistoricalrecordofAmericanengineering,theonlycollegestudentswiththerequisiteabilitieswerenotengineeringstudents,butratherstudentsattendingarchitecturalschools.

Ifcoursesindesign,whichinastronglyanalyticalengineeringcurriculumprovidethebackgroundrequiredforpracticalproblem-solvingarenotprovided,wecanexpecttoencountersillybutcostlyerrorsoccurringinadvancedengineeringsystems.Forexample,earlymodelsofhigh-speedrailroadcarsloadedwithsophisticatedcontrolswereunabletooperateinasnowstormbecauseafansuckedsnowintotheelectricalsystem.Absurdrandomfailuresthatplagueautomaticcontrolsystemsarenotmerelytrivialerrorsinmechanicaldesign,theyareareflectionofchaoscausedbytheneglectofnonverbalthinking.

21.Themainpurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassageis_______________.

（A）toproposeanewrolefornonverbalthinkinginthedevelopmentoftechnology

（B）tostresstheimportanceofnonverbalthinkinginengineeringdesign

（C）toidentifythetwokindsofthinkingthatareusedbytechnologists

（D）tocriticizeengineeringschoolsforneglectingfornonscientificmodelsfordesign

22.Accordingtothepassage,whenatechnologistdesignsanobjecthe_________-.

（A）drawstheoutlinefirstandthenfillitwithdetails

（B）firsthasinmindwhatitshouldbelike

（C）reducesittounambiguousverbaldescription

（D）seesitasavisual,nonverbalprocess

23.Thesecondparagraphiswrittentoillustratethat______________.

（A）engineeringdesigninvolvesaverycomplicatedprocess

（B）creatingthinkingisprimaryinengineeringdesign

（C）engineeringdesignneedsanintuitivesenseofrightnessandfitness

（D）nonverbalthinkingplaysanimportantroleinengineeringdesign

24.TheauthordescribesthepredicamentfacedbytheHistoricAmericanEngineeringRecordas“paradoxical”mostprobablybecause_________________.

（A）architecturalstudentscouldusenonverbalthinkingbetterthanengineeringstudents

（B）onlycollegestudentshadtherequisiteabilitieswhilepracticingengineerswerenot

（C）thedrawingsrequiredweretoocomplicatedforengineerstomake

（D）engineeringstudentswerenottrainedtomakedrawingsneededintheirowndiscipline

25.Theauthorusestheexampleoftheearlymodelsofhigh-speedrailroadcarsprimarilytoindicatethat_______________.

（A）lackofattentiontothenonscientificaspectsindesignresultsinpoorconceptualizationbyengineers

（B）neglectoftrivialproblemsinmechanicaldesignoftencausescostlyerrorsinengineeringsystems

（C）designersofautomaticcontrolsystemsneedhaveabetterunderstandingofanalyticalproblems

（D）designofmodernengineeringsystemsdependsmoreonnonscientificthanonscientificthinking

（2）

Before1965manyscientistspicturedthecirculationoftheocean’swatermassasconsistingoflarge,slow-movingcurren