315基础英语含阅读与写作doc.docx

1、315基础英语含阅读与写作doc315基础英语（含阅读与写作）2006年研究生基础英语考试题I. Grammar and Structure. (10 scores)1. The fact that space exploration has increased dramatically in the past thirty years _. (A) is an evidence of us wanting to know more of our solar system (B) is how we want to learn more about the solar system(C) in

2、dicates that we are very eager to learn all we can about our solar system(D) is pointing to evidence of our intention to know a lot more about what is called our solar system2. The committee has met and _.(A) they have reached a decision(B) it has formulated themselves some opinions (C) its decision

3、 was reached at (D) it has reached a decision 3. Having been served lunch, _.(A) the problem was discussed by the members of the committee(B) the committee members discussed the problem(C) it was discussed by the committee members the problem(D) a discussion of the problem was made by the members of

4、 the committee 4. The chairman requested that _.(A) the members studied more carefully the problem (B) the problem was more and carelessly studied(C) with more carefulness the problem could be studied (D) the members study the problem more carefully5. Mr. Brown was concerned that his unpopular posit

5、ion _ a disastrous effect on his career. (A) could be (B) might have(C) had been (D) would be 6. He explanation made the problem _.(A) even more complicated (B) to be even more complicated(C) that it became even more complicated(D) being even too more complicated7. _, it will have an effect on the d

6、rinker. (A) Nevertheless mild wine seems (B) Even though mild wine seems (C) Unless mild wine seems (D) However mild wine seems 8. He told me _ would come, but only a few turned up. (A) many Linda friends (B) many Lindas friends (C) many of Lindas friends (D) many friends of Linda 9. Richard was ask

7、ed to withdraw from graduate school because _. (A) they believed he was not really able to complete the research (B) he was deemed incapable of completing the research(C) it was decided that he was not capable to complete the research(D) his ability to finish the research was not believed or trusted

8、 10. A major problem in the construction of new buildings _. (A) is that windows have been eliminated while air conditioning systems have not been perfected (B) is they have eliminated windows and still dont have good air conditioning (C) is because windows are eliminated but air conditioners dont w

9、ork good (D) is dependent on the fact while they have eliminated windows, they are not capable to produce efficient air conditioning systems11. Animal watchers point out that the rabbit chews down trees to get food and material _its home. (A) with that to build (B) with which to build(C) which to be

10、 built in (D) which to build in 12. Schools often have _ atmosphere, with its timetables and disciplines, to allow him much time for independent assessment of the work he is asked to do. (A) too restricting an (B) so restricting an (C) too restricted an (D) so restricted an13. Advertising is disting

11、uished from other forms of communication in that the advertiser pays for the message _.(A) having been delivered (B) being delivered (C) to be delivered(D) to deliver14. “Do you regret paying five hundred dollars for the painting?” “No, I would gladly have paid _ for it.”(A) twice so much (B) twice

12、as much (C) much as twice(D) so much twice 15. When the lights came on again, hardly a person in the city _ on a switch without reflecting how great a servant he had at his finger-tips.(A) need have turned(B) should have turned (C) must have turned (D) can have turned16. In our work its _ unusual to

13、 be confronted with failures but we should in no way be discouraged on that account. (A) something(B) nothing(C) anything(D) everything17. You havent learned the word-order in spoken questions yet but Im sure you _ it before the end of this week. (A) have learned (B) will learn (C) will have learned

14、 (D) will be learning 18. Even in the days of smoky, coal-burning engines, trains made their own ventilation _ pushing and pulling air through tunnels. (A) by(B) for(C) with(D) in19. Todays consumers buy, enjoy, use and discard more types of goods _could possibly have been imagined even a few years

15、ago. (A) that (B) as(C) but(D) than 20. Id just as soon you _ by plane because I think you will have to get there in time for the conference which is to be held tomorrow morning. (A) would go (B) will go (C) went(D) should go II. Reading Comprehension (25 scores)(1) Many objects in daily use have cl

16、early been influenced by science, but their form and function, their dimensions and appearance, were determined by technologists, designers, inventors, and engineers - using nonscientific modes of thought. Many features and qualities of the objects that a technologists thinks about cannot be reduced

17、 to unambiguous verbal descriptions; they are dealt with in the mind by a visual, nonverbal process. In the development of western technology, it has been nonverbal thinking, by and large, that has fixed the outlines and filled in the details of our material surroundings. Pyramids, cathedrals, and r

18、ockets exist not because of geometry or thermodynamics, but because they were first a picture in the minds of those who built them. The creative shaping process of a technologists mind can be seen in nearly every artifact that exists. For example, in designing a diesel engine, a technologist might i

19、mpress individual ways of nonverbal thinking on the machine by continually using an intuitive sense of rightness and fitness. What would be the shape of the combustion chamber? Where should the valves be placed? Should it have a long or short piston? Such questions have a range of answers that are s

20、upplied by experience, by physical requirements, by limitations of available space, and by a sense of form. Some decisions, such as wall thickness and pin diameter, may depend on scientific calculations, but the non-scientific component of design remains primary. Design courses, then, should be an e

21、ssential element in engineering curricula. Nonverbal thinking, a central mechanism in engineering design, involves perceptions, which is indispensable for an artist. Because perceptive processes are not assumed to need “hard thinking,” nonverbal thought is sometimes seen as a primitive stage in the

22、development of cognitive processes and is inferior to verbal or mathematical thought. But it is paradoxical that when the staff of the Historic American Engineering Record wished to have drawings made of machines and isometric views of industrial processes for its historical record of American engin

23、eering, the only college students with the requisite abilities were not engineering students, but rather students attending architectural schools. If courses in design, which in a strongly analytical engineering curriculum provide the background required for practical problem-solving are not provide

24、d, we can expect to encounter silly but costly errors occurring in advanced engineering systems. For example, early models of high-speed railroad cars loaded with sophisticated controls were unable to operate in a snowstorm because a fan sucked snow into the electrical system. Absurd random failures

25、 that plague automatic control systems are not merely trivial errors in mechanical design, they are a reflection of chaos caused by the neglect of nonverbal thinking. 21. The main purpose of the author in writing this passage is_. (A) to propose a new role for nonverbal thinking in the development o

26、f technology(B) to stress the importance of nonverbal thinking in engineering design(C) to identify the two kinds of thinking that are used by technologists (D) to criticize engineering schools for neglecting for nonscientific models for design 22.According to the passage, when a technologist design

27、s an object he_-.(A) draws the outline first and then fill it with details (B) first has in mind what it should be like (C) reduces it to unambiguous verbal description (D) sees it as a visual, nonverbal process 23. The second paragraph is written to illustrate that _.(A) engineering design involves

28、 a very complicated process(B) creating thinking is primary in engineering design(C) engineering design needs an intuitive sense of rightness and fitness (D) nonverbal thinking plays an important role in engineering design 24. The author describes the predicament faced by the Historic American Engin

29、eering Record as “paradoxical” most probably because_. (A) architectural students could use nonverbal thinking better than engineering students(B) only college students had the requisite abilities while practicing engineers were not (C) the drawings required were too complicated for engineers to mak

30、e (D) engineering students were not trained to make drawings needed in their own discipline 25. The author uses the example of the early models of high-speed railroad cars primarily to indicate that _.(A) lack of attention to the nonscientific aspects in design results in poor conceptualization by e

31、ngineers (B) neglect of trivial problems in mechanical design often causes costly errors in engineering systems (C) designers of automatic control systems need have a better understanding of analytical problems(D) design of modern engineering systems depends more on nonscientific than on scientific thinking (2)Before 1965 many scientists pictured the circulation of the oceans water mass as consisting of large, slow-moving curren