听力教程Unit 3 BK4 2536课堂用文本第二版.docx

听力教程Unit 3 BK4 2536课堂用文本第二版.docx

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听力教程Unit3BK42536课堂用文本第二版

Unit3

SectionOneTacticsforListening

ListeningandTranslation

1.Girlsscorehigherthanboysinalmosteverycountry.

2.Differencesbetweenmalesandfemalesareacontinuingissueoffiercedebate.

3.Culturalandeconomicinfluencesplayanimportantpart.

4.Butrecentfindingssuggestthattheanswermaylieindifferencesbetweenthemaleandfemalebrain.

5.Theseincludedifferencesinlearningrates.

Exercise

Directions:

ListentosomesentencesandtranslatethemintoChinese.Youwillheareachsentencethreetimes

1.几乎在所有的国家里，女孩子都比男孩子得分高。

2.男女差异一直是激烈争论的焦点。

3.文化和经济的影响起着重要作用。

4.但是最新的发现提示，答案也许在于男女大脑的差异。

5.这些包括学习速度上的差异。

SectionTwoListeningComprehension

Part1Dialogue-UnusualOccupation

Interviewer:

IbelieveyouarethefounderofSerenading*Service,isthatright?

Singer:

Yes,that'sright.IstartedtheservicethreeyearsagowhenIrealizedthatBritishpeopleweredesperateforromancewithacapital"R".Ithoughttherewouldbeaclientele*forahiredserenader.

Interviewer:

Howdidyoubeginyourcareerasasinger?

Singer:

Istartedsingingasachoirboyandattheageof10IwaschosentosingalongsidePlacidoDomingo*atacharitydo.That'swhatreallygotmestartedonamusicalcareer.IwentontostudymusicandthenIjoinedanoperacompany.

Interviewer:

Wheredidtheideaofserenadingcomefrom?

Singer:

FrommystudiesofRenaissancemusic,andofcourse,opera,whichisfullofserenades.OntheContinent,especiallyinSpainandItalywhereitstillthrives,itisatraditionalromanticexperience.Overthecenturies,universitystudentshaveturnedtheserenadeintoanartformforhire.

Interviewer:

Whatexactlydoyoudo?

Singer:

Well,usuallyI'mhiredbymentosinglovesongstowomen.OccasionallyI'maskedtosingtomen,butonlyveryexceptionally.

Interviewer:

Canyouexplainitabitmore?

Singer:

Theserviceisreallyaformofintimatealfresco*theatrewithlovesongswhichareguaranteedtomeltthehardesthearts.Iusuallywearawhitetieandtailsandsingamorous*Italiansongs.IcarrychocolateheartsorflowersandwhenthereisnobalconyavailableIsingfromtreesorfireescapes!

Interviewer:

Howmuchdoyouchargeforaserenade?

Singer:

Itdependsonwhetheramusiciancomesalongornot.Thebasicrateis£450butitcancostalotmoreespeciallyifItakeagondola*andagroupofmusiciansalong.Eachserenadeisdifferent.Theideaistopersonalizethemasmuchaspossible.

Interviewer:

Howdopeoplereact?

Singer:

That'sdifficulttosay,becauseyounevergetthesamereactiontwice.Somepeoplearesomovedthattheyburstintotears.It'sallveryemotional.

Interviewer:

Dopeopleeverreactbadly?

Doyouevergetusedasanunwantedmessenger?

Singer:

Thatisamajorworry.Wetrytofindoutasmuchaswecanaboutourclientstoavoidunpleasantsituations.Youhavetobeverycarefulthesedaysbecauseaserenadecanbecompletelymisinterpreted.OnceIwasevenaccusedofharassmentandthewomancalledthepolice.Anothertimeaneighborcalledthepolicetocomplainaboutthenoise.Wereallyhavetobeextremelycarefulanddiscreet*.

Exercise

Directions:

Listentothedialogueandfillintheblankswiththemissinginformation.

SerenadingServicewasfoundedthreeyearsagowhenthesingerrealizedthatBritishpeopleweredesperateforromance.Hethoughttherewouldbeaclienteleforahiredserenader.TheideacamefromhisstudiesofRenaissancemusic,whichisfullofserenades.Overthecenturies,universitystudentshaveturnedtheserenadeintoanartformforhire.Usuallyheishiredbymentosinglovesongstowomen.Occasionallyheisaskedtosingtomen.

Theserviceisreallyaformofintimatealfrescotheatrewithlovesongs.HeusuallywearsawhitetieandtailsandsingsamorousItaliansongs.Hewillcarrychocolateheartsorflowersandwhenthereisnobalconyavailablehewillsingfromtreesorfireescapes\

Thefeedependsonwhetheramusiciancomesalongornot.Thebasicrateis£450butitcancostalotmoreespeciallyifhetakesagondolaandagroupofmusiciansalong.Somepeoplearesomovedthattheyburstintotears,butsomereactbadly.Theytrytofindoutasmuchastheycanabouttheirclientstoavoidunpleasantsituations.Theyhavetobeverycarefulthesedaysbecauseaserenadecanbecompletelymisinterpreted.

Part2Passage-MemoryTechniques

Memorytoolscanhelpyoutoimproveyourmemory."Mnemonic"*isanotherwordformemorytool.Mnemonics*aremethodsforrememberinginformationthatisotherwisequitedifficulttorecall.Averysimpleexampleisthe"30dayshathSeptember"*rhyme.Thebasicprincipleofmnemonicsistouseasmanyofthebestfunctionsofyourbrainaspossibletostoreinformation.

Ourbrainsevolvedtocodeandinterpretcomplexstimulisuchasimages,colors,structures,sounds,smells,tastes,touch,positions,emotionsandlanguage.Weusethesetomakesophisticatedmodelsoftheworldwelivein.Ourmemoriesstorealloftheseveryeffectively.Unfortunatelyinformationwehavetorememberisalmostalwayspresentedinonlyoneway—aswordsprintedonapage.Whilelanguageisoneofthemostimportantaspectsofhumanevolution,itisonlyoneofthemanyskillsandresourcesavailabletoourminds.

Bycodinglanguageandnumbersinstrikingimages,youcanreliablycodebothinformationandthestructureofinformation.Youcantheneasilyrecalltheselater.

Youcandothefollowingthingstomakeyourmnemonicsmorememorable:

-Usepositive,pleasantimages.Thebrainoftenblocksoutunpleasantones.

-Usevivid,colorful,sense-laden*images.

-Useallyoursensestocodeinformationordressupanimage.Rememberthatyourmnemoniccancontainsounds,smells,tastes,touch,movementsandfeelingsaswellaspictures.

-Giveyourimagethreedimensions,movementandspacetomakeitmorevivid.

Therearethreefundamentalprinciplesunderlyingtheuseofmnemonics:

imagination,associationandlocation.Workingtogether,theseprinciplescangeneratepowerfulmnemonicsystems.

Imaginationiswhatyouusetocreateandstrengthentheassociationsneededtocreateeffectivemnemonics.Yourimaginationiswhatyouusetocreatemnemonicsthatarepotent*foryou.Themorestronglyyouimagineandvisualize*asituation,themoreeffectivelyitwillstickinyourmindforlaterrecall.Theimageryyouuseinyourmnemonicscanbeasviolent,vivid,orsensualasyoulike,aslongasithelpsyoutoremember.

Associationisthemethodbywhichyoulinkathingtoberememberedtoawayofrememberingit.Youcancreateassociationsby:

-placingthingsontopofeachother;

-mergingimagestogether;

-wrappingthemaroundeachother;

-linkingthemusingthesamecolor,smell,shape,orfeeling.

Locationgivesyoutwothings:

acoherent*contextintowhichyoucanplaceinformationsothatithangstogether,andawayofseparatingonemnemonicfromanother.Bysettingonemnemonicinaparticulartown,Icanseparateitfromasimilarmnemonicsetinacity.Forexample,bysettingoneinthetownofHorshamandanothersimilarmnemonicwithimagesofManhattan,wecanseparatethemwithnodangerofconfusion.Youcanbuildtheflavorsandatmosphereoftheseplacesintoyourmnemonicstostrengthenthefeelingoflocation.

ExerciseAPre-listeningQuestion

Belowisalistofmemoryorlearningprinciplestohelpyoutorememberthings:

-Thebrainprioritizesbymeaning,valueandrelevance.Inordertoremembersomethingthoroughly,youmustbeinterestedinitandthinkthatithasvalueandrelevanceinyourlife.

-Yourattitudehasmuchtodowithwhetheryouremembersomethingornot.Attentionisnotthesameaslearning,butlittlelearningtakesplacewithoutattention.

-Yourunderstandingofnewmaterialsdependsonwhatyoualreadyknow.Themoreyouincreaseyourbasicknowledge,theeasieritistobuildnewknowledgeonthisbackground.

-Youcanlearnandrememberbetterifyoucangroupideasintosomesortofmeaningfulcategoriesorgroups.

-Thebrain'squickestandprobablythelongest-lastingresponseistoimages.Bymakingamentalpicture,youuseanentirelydifferentpartofthebrainthanyoudidbyreadingorlistening.

-Memoryisincreasedwhenfactstobelearnedareconsciouslyassociatedwithsomethingfamiliartoyou.

ExerciseBSentenceDictation

Directions:

Listentosomesentencesandwritethemdown.Youwillheareachsentencethreetimes.

1.Mnemonicsaremethodsforrememberinginformationthatisotherwisequitedifficulttorecall.

2.Ourbrainsevolvedtocodeandinterpretcomplexstimulisuchasimages,colors,structures,sounds,smells,tastes,touch,positions,emotionsandlanguage.

3.Whilelanguageisoneofthemostimportantaspectsofhumanevolution,itisonlyoneofthemanyskillsandresourcesavailabletoourminds.

4.Associationisthemethodbywhichyoulinkathingtoberememberedtoawayofrememberingit.

5.Locationgivesyoutwothings:

acoherentcontextintowhichyoucanplaceinformation,andawayofseparatingonemnemonicfromanother.

ExerciseCDetailedListening

Directions:

Listentothepassageanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue（T）orfalse（F）.Discusswithyourclassmateswhyyouthinkthestatementistrueorfalse.

T1.Mnemonicsaretoolswhichcanhelpyoutoimproveyourmemory.（Memorytoolscanhelpyoutoimproveyourmemory."Mnemonic"isanotherwordformemorytool.）

T2.Thefundamentalprincipleofmnemonicsistomakefulluseofthebestfunctionsofthebraintostoreinformation.（Thebasicprincipleofmnemonicsistouseasmanyofthebestfunctionsofyourbrainaspossibletostoreinfo