英语语言学考试十套题.docx

英语语言学考试十套题.docx

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英语语言学考试十套题

英语语言学考试十套题

英语语言学试题

（1）

11、Chomskydefines"competence"astheidealuser'sk  oftherulesofhislanguage.

12、Thefoursounds/p/,/b/,/m/and/w/haveonefeatureincommon,i.e,theyareallb  .

13、Misabranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.

14、As  isastructurallyindependentunitthatusuallycomprisesanumberofwordstoformacompletestatement,questionorcommand.

15、Synonymsthataremutuallysubstitutableunderallcircumstancesarecalledc  synonyms.

16、Theillocutionarypointofristocommitthespeakerto

something'sbeingthecase,tothetruthofwhathasbeensaid.

17、Wordsarecreatedoutrighttofitsomepurpose.Suchamethodofenlargingthevocabularyisknownaswordc  .

18、Whereverthestandardlanguagecanuseacontraction（he+is→he's）,BlackEnglishcand  theformof"be".

19、Thebasicessentialsofthefirstlanguageareacquiredintheshortperiodfromaboutagetwotopuberty,whichiscalledthec  periodforfirstlanguageacquisition.

20、Asatypeoflinguisticsystemin12learning,i  isaproductofL2training,mothertongueintereference,overgeneralizationofthetargetlanguagerules,andlearningandcommunicativestrategiesofthelearner.

I

（）21、Inmodernlinguisticstudies,thewrittenformoflanguageisgivenmoreemphasisthanthespokenformforanumberofreasons.

（）22、Voicingisaphonologicalfeaturethatdistinguishesmeaninginboth

ChineseandEnglish.

（）23、Thecompoundword"bookstore"istheplacewherebooksaresold.This

indicatesthatthemeaningofacompoundisthesumtotalofthemeanings

ofitscomponents.

（）24、Syntacticcategoriesrefertosentences（S）andclauses（C）only. 

（）25、Dialectalsynonymscanoftenbefoundindifferentregionaldialects

suchasBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishbutcannotbefoundwithin

thevarietyitself,forexample,withinBritishEnglishorAmerican

English.

（）26、OnlywhenamaximunderCooperativePrincipleisblatantlyviolated

andthehearerknowsthatitisbeingviolateddoconversational

implicaturesarise.

（）27、TheterritoryinwhichtheIndo-Europeanlanguagesaremainlyspoken

todayalsoincludeslanguagesthatarenotIndo-European.

（）28、Inmostbilingualcommunities,twolanguageshavethesameinspeech

situationsknownasdomains.

（）29、AccordingtothestrongversionoftheSapir-Whorfhypothesis,

speakers'perceptionsdeterminelanguageandpatterntheirwayoflife.

（）30、Allnormalchildrenhaveequalabilitytoacquiretheirfirst

language.

二

11.Asentenceisastructurallyindependentunitthatusuallycomprisesanumberofw________toformacompletestatement,q________orcommand.

12.Insociolinguisticstudies,speakersaretreatedasmembersofs__g________.

13.Utteranceisbasedon________ ________;itis therealizationoftheabstractmeaningofasentenceinarealsituationofcommunication,orsimplyinacontext.

14.Tomanypeople,alinguististhesameasa________,onewhocanspeakseverallanguagesfluently.

15.Consonantsoundscanbeeither v________orv__,whileallvowelsoundsarev________.

16.Allwordsmaybesaidtocontainarootmorpheme.（   ）

17.Tenseandreferencearetwotermsoftenencounteredinthestudyofmeaning.（   ）

18.Linguisticsisthecourseoflanguage.（   ）

19.Thepartofasentencewhichcompriesecomprisesaninfiniteverboraverbphraseisgrammaticallycalledpredicate.（   ）

20.Historicallinguisticsequalstothestudyofsynchronicstudy.（   ）

21.Thetermdialect,asatechnicalterminlinguistics,carriesvaluejudgementandnotsimplyreferstoadistinctformoflanguage.（   ）

22.Morphologyistranslatedas形态学。

（   ）

23.Theword“photographically”ismadeupof4morphemes.（   ）

24.Thesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguageisallomorph.（   ）

25.Semanticsisthemainpartoflinguistics.（   ）

30.namingtheoryandconceptualistview

31.maximsofqualityandmanner

32.blending

33.sociolect

34.subvocalspeech

35.contrastiveanalysis

英语语言学试题（3）

11.Languageexistsintimeandchangesthroughtime.Thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointoftimeiscalleda_s_______studyoflanguage.

12.Anessentialdifferencebetweenconsonantsandvowelsiswhethertheaircomingupfromthelungsmeetswithany_o________whenasoundisproduced.

13.Themorphemesthatcannotbeusedbythemselves,butmustbecombinedwithothermorphemestoformwordsarecalled_b________morphemes.

14.XPmaycontainmorethanjustX.Forexample,theNP"theboywholikeshispuppy"consistsofDet,NandS,withDetbeingthe_s________,NtheheadandSthecomplement.

15.AccordingtoSearle'sclassificationofillocutionaryacts,"tosuggestthatsomeoneshouldseethedoctor"shouldfallintothecategoryof_d________.

16.Hyponymyistherelationshipwhichobtainsbetweenspecificandgenerallexicalitems.Thewordthatismoregeneralinmeaningiscalled_s________.

17.Vowelscanbenasalized.Thevowelnasalizationruleisan_a________rule,which,forthemostpart,iscausedbyarticulatoryorphysiologicalprocessinwhichsuccessivesoundsaremadeidentical,ormoresimilar,tooneanother.

18.Onemarkofaninformalstyleisthefrequentoccurrenceof_s________wordsandexpressions,whichmakesenseonlytothepeopleofparticularsocialgroupsandserveasamarkofmembershipandsolidaritywithinagivensocialgroup.

19.Thebrainisdividedintotworoughlysymmetricalhalves,called_h________,oneontherightandoneontheleft.

20.Linguistsoftenusethetermnativelanguageormothertongueinsteadoffirstlanguage,and_t________languageinsteadofsecondlanguageinsecondlanguageacquisitionliterature.

21.（  ）Humancapacityforlanguagehasageneticbasis,i.e.weareallbornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguageandthedetailsofalanguagesystemaregeneticallytransmitted.

22.（  ）Ageneraldifferencebetweenphoneticsandphonologyisthatphoneticsisfocusedontheproductionofspeechsoundswhilephonologyismoreconcernedwithhowspeechsoundsdistinguishmeaning.

23.（  ）Onlywordsofthesamepartsofspeechcanbecombinedtoformcompounds.

24.（  ）Sentencesarenotformedbyrandomlycombininglexicalitems,butbyfollowingasetofsyntacticrulesthatarrangelinguisticelementsinaparticularorder.

25.（  ）Thesamesemanticfeatureoccursinonepartofspeechonly.Forexample,"female"occursonlyinnounssuchas"mother","woman""girl""tigress"andsoonbutnotinotherpartsofspeech.

26.（  ）AccordingtoSearle'sclassificationofillocutionaryacts,inviting,ordering,advising,promisingandapologizingallfallintothecategoryofdirectives.

27.（  ）Newwordsmaybeformedfromexistingwordsbysubtractinganaffixthoughttobepartoftheoldword;thatis,ignorancesometimescanbecreative.Thus"peddle"wasderivedfrom"peddler"onthemistakenassumptionthatthe"-er"wastheagentivesuffix.

28.（  ）WomeninWesterncountriesatleastappeartobemorestatus-consciousandsensitivetothesocialsignificanceofcertainlinguisticvariables.

29.（  ）ThecaseofGenieconfirmsthatthelanguagefacultyofanaveragehumandegeneratesafterthecriticalperiodandconsequently,mostlinguisticskillscannotdevelop.

30.（  ）Consciousknowledgeoflinguisticrulesdoesensureacquisitionoftherulesandthereforeanimmediateguidanceforactualperformance.

英语语言学试题（5）

11.Thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointintimeisas________study.

12.Whenpitch, stressandsoundlengtharetiedtothesentenceratherthanthewordinisolation, theyarecollectivelyknownasi________.

13.Accordingtoitspositioninthenewword, a________aredividedintotwokinds:

prefixesandsuffixes.

14.P________referstothephenomenonthatthesamewordmayhaveasetofdifferentmeanings.

15.Whetherasentenceissemanticallymeaningfulisgovernedbyrulescalleds________restrictions.

16.Theu________meaningofthesentencevarieswiththecontextinwhichitisuttered.

17.Someimportantmissionsofhistoricallinguistsaretoidentifyandclassifyfamiliesofrelatedlanguagesinagenealogicalfamilytree, andtoreconstructthep________, theoriginalformofalanguagefamilythathasceasedtoexist.

18.R________arelanguagevarietiesappropriateforuseinparticularspeechsituations.

19.LearnerswillsubconsciouslyusetheirL1knowledgeinlearningasecondlanguage. Thisisknownaslanguaget________.

20.ArelatedissuewithintegrativemotivationhasbeentheextenttowhichlearnersdifferintheprocessofadaptingtothenewcultureoftheL2community. Thisadaptationprocessiscalleda________.

21.Modernlinguisticsismainlydiachronic.（   ）

22.Theassimilationruleassimilatesonesoundtoanotherby“copying”afeatureofasequentialphoneme, thusmakingthetwophonessimilar.（   ）

23.Semantically, themeaningofacompoundisoftenidiomatic, alwaysbeingthesumtotalofthemeaningsofitscomponents.（   ）

24.Syntacticmovementisdictatedbyrulestraditionallycalledtransformationalrules, whoseoperationmaychangethesyntacticrepresentationofasentence.（   ）

25.Componentialanalysisisawayproposedbythegenerativesemanticiststoanalyzemeaning.（   ）

26.Linguistsfoundthatitwouldbepossibletogiveanadequatedescriptionofmeaningevenifthecontextoflanguageusewasleftunconsidered.（   ）

27.ItisgenerallyacceptedthatthehistoryoftheEnglishlanguageisdividedintotheperiodsofOldEnglish, MiddleEnglishandModernEnglish.（   ）

28.Whenpeopleofacommunityspeakthesamelanguagefordifferentpur