备考注册会计师综合阶段英语ACCA词典可编辑.docx
《备考注册会计师综合阶段英语ACCA词典可编辑.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《备考注册会计师综合阶段英语ACCA词典可编辑.docx(13页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
备考注册会计师综合阶段英语ACCA词典可编辑
备考注册会计师综合阶段英语ACCA词典
Finance?
Dictionaryxujinchi@hotmail
A
Account
Acollectionofinvestments,eithertaxableortax-deferred.Accountcanberealcontainsinvestments
actuallyownedormodelhypothetical.Accounttypecanbebrokerage,mutualfund,orotheramutual
fundcanbeanaccountifthefundispurchaseddirectlyfromfundcompanyoritcanbeaninvestment
withinanaccount,ifpurchasedthroughabroker.Legally,accountsaresetupastaxableortaxdeferredThelegalownerofanaccountcanbeanindividual,joint,corporate,custodian,estate,ortrust.SeeReal
TaxableAccounts,JointAccounts,andRealTax-DeferredAccounts
AccountDescription
InformationthatincludesAccountType,Tax-deferred,TaxMethod,andAccountNote.Theseitemsare
primarilyusedtoclassifyaccountsfortaxpurposes
AccountNote
Descriptivetextaboutanaccountthatyoucanenterforyourinformation,suchas"forCollege."AccountType
Whenplacinganorderthroughthissite,youmustbesuretoselecttheproperAccountTypeforthe
positionyouwishtotrade.Ifaparticularpositionresidesinyourcashaccount,forexample,thissitewill
automaticallyrejectasellorderthatspecifiesyourmarginaccount,andviceversa
AccrualMethod
Accountingmethodwhereincomeandexpensesarerecordedwhenitemsarebookedorbilled.Contrast
withamorecommonmethod,cashmethod,whereincomeandexpensesareloggedfromthetimecash
isactuallyspentorreceived
AccruedInterest
Interestearnedbutnotyetpaid.Formosttaxpayers,taxisdueinyearaccruedinterestispaid.When
buyingabond,buyerpaysselleranyinterestaccruedsincethelastpaymentdate.Whenthebuyer
eventuallysellsthebond,thenewbuyerpaysanyaccruedinterest.Theaccruedinterestissubjectto
taxesfortheseller,butreducesthetaxliabilityforthebuyer.Forexample,ifabondbuyerpaid$30
accruedinteresttoaseller,thenreceived$150interestfortherestoftheyear,thebuyerneedstopay
taxeson$150-$30$120
ADR/ADS
StandsforAmericanDepositoryReceiptsorShares.Thesefinancialinstrumentsallowstockinaforeign
corporationtobetradedonaU.S.stockexchangeinU.S.currencybyrepresentingtheactualshares
fromthenativeexchange
Advances/Declines
AdvancesarethenumberofissuesontheNewYorkStockExchangethathaveriseninpricesincethe
previoustradingday'sclosingprice.Declinesrepresentthosethathavefalleninprice.Sometimesthe
advancesanddeclinesareexpressedasaratioandplottedasalinegraph.ArisingA/Dlineindicates
thatthemarkethasgoodbreadthamajorityofissuesarerisinginpriceandthatarisingtrendismore
likelytobesustainable
Finance?
Dictionaryxujinchi@hotmail
AfterTaxRealRateofReturn
Thepercentagegainonaninvestment,account,orportfolioaftertaxesandinflationhavebeendeductedNotethattheaftertaxrealrateofreturnformoneymarketmutualfundsisfrequentlylessthanzero,so
youshouldusetheseaccountsonlyastemporarycashaccounts
AllorNoneOrder
Inbrokerage,orderinstruction,particularlyforlargeorders,toexecutethetotalquantityornone
American-StyleOption
American-styleisanoptioncontractthatcanbeexercisedatanytimebetweenthedateofpurchaseand
theexpirationdate.Mostexchange-tradedoptionsareAmerican-style.Allstockoptionsare
American-style
AnnualReport
Writtenreporttoshareholderssummarizingthepastfiscalyear'sfinancialresultsandnewsitemsof
importanceaboutproducts,lawsuits,boardmembers,etc.Prospectiveshareholdersshouldalsoreview
theannualreportbecauseitprovidesimportantbalancesheetinformation
AnnualizedReturn
Projectstheyeartodatereturnoverafull12monthcalendaryear.Mostusefulforprojectingreturnfor
moneymarketfunds,CDs,andbonds.AnnualizedreturnforequitiescanbemisleadingifYTDreturnis
highandcoversashortperiodoftime.SeeTotalReturn
Annuity
Aninsuranceproductthatpaysanincomebenefitonaspecificdate,foraspecifictime,orforthelifetime
ofthepersonsreceivingtheannuitytheannuitant.Afixedannuityguaranteesfixedpaymentswitha
constantrateofreturn.Avariableannuity'svaluefluctuateswiththatoftheassetsthatarebackingitThereisnoguaranteedrateofreturnforavariableannuity;theannuitantbearstheinvestmentriskand
receivesthereturnactuallyearnedoninvestedassetslesschargesassessedbytheinsurancecompany
ArbitrageAfinancialtransactionwhereanarbitrageurarbsimultaneouslypurchasesinonemarketandsellsin
anotherwherethereisaslightpricedifferential.Oftenitisafullhedge,andtherefore,arisk-free
transaction.Arbsplayanimportantroleinkeepingmarketsliquidandefficient
AssignedonanOptionTransaction
Whenyousellanoptionyounowhavetheobligationtosellorpurchasestock.Youhaveormaynothave
tofulfillthatobligation.Youareconsideredtobe"assigned"ifyouarebeingrequiredtofulfillthat
obligation.Typicallythisoccurswhentheoptionisin-the-money
Ask
Thelowestpriceatwhichaselleriswillingtoofferasecurityatthistime
AssetSomethingofvaluethatyouown.Appreciatingassets,suchasstocks,havethepotentialofincreasinginFinance?
Dictionaryxujinchi@hotmail
valueand/orproducingincome.Depreciatingassets,suchasacar,losevalueovertime.Assetsminus
liabilitieswhatyouoweequalsnetworth
AssetAllocation
Theprocessofdecidingwhatkindsofassetsyouwanttoown,andthepercentageofeach.Tactical
assetallocationisasophisticatedformofmarkettiminginwhichaninvestordecideshowmuchto
allocatetoeachassetclassbasedonmarketindicators,particularlyinterestrates.Asconditionschange,
thepercentallottedtoeachassetclasschanges
AssetClasses
Appreciatingassetsareputinto7assetclasses:
imumcapitalgainequity,long-termequity,
internationalequity,U.S.governmentbond,corporatebond,preciousmetals,andcash
At-The-MoneyOption
Whenthepriceoftheunderlyingsecurityisequaltothestrikeprice,anoptionisat-the-money
AverageAnnualReturnThecumulativereturndividedbythenumberofyearsofthelifeoftheinvestmentoraccount,withthe
compoundingeffectfactoredin.Inreverse,theaverageannualreturntimesagivennumberofyears
equalsthecumulativereturnforthattimeframe.AARisusedtocomparereturnsoftwoormore
investmentsofunequaltrackrecords
AverageDailyVolumeTheconsolidatedtradingvolumeforallexchangesaveragedforthelast20tradingdays
AverageCostTheaveragepricepluscommission
AveragePriceThetotalcostlesstotalcommissionofalllotsyouownofaparticularsecuritydividedbythetotalnumber
ofsharesowned
AverageProceedThesumofnetamountsreceivedfromallshortopenlotsdividedbythetotalnumberofsharesshortfor
thatsecurity.Averageproceedsisforshortinvestmentswhataveragecostisforlonginvestments
B
BabyBondOnesoldatfaceamountlessthan$1,000tomakeitattractivetosmallerinvestors.SeeBond
BalanceSheetAlistingofallassetsandliabilitiesforanindividualorabusiness.Thesurplusofassetsoverliabilitiesis
thenetworth,orwhatisownedfreeofdebt
Finance?
Dictionaryxujinchi@hotmail
BalanceSheetReturnAviewinthestockdatabasethatdisplaysSales/PriceRatio,Price/BookRatio,Book/Share,Returnon
Equity,ProfitMargin,andReportingDate.Theseitemsareallmeasuresofcompanyvalueand
profitability
BalanceSheet-Cash&DebtAviewinthestockdatabasethatdisplays:
FiscalYearEnd,QuickRatio,Debt/EquityRatio,CurrentRatio,
andCash/Share.Theseitemsmeasurethefinancialhealthofacompany,particularlyitsassetsand
liabilities.ClickeachitemintheGlossarylistfordefinitionsofeachoftheseitems
BalancedEquitiesAmutualfundwhoseholdingsaresplitfairlyevenlybetweenstocksandbonds.Balancedfundscan
changetheirassetallocationaccordingtomarketconditions.Balancedfundsseekarelativelysteady
return
BankInformationDescriptiveinformationaboutagivenbank.AviewintheCDsandMoneyMarketsdatabasethat
displays:
MinimumDeposit,City,State,Phone,Out-of-stateIndicator
BasisAnaccountingtermthatreferstothecostofanassetincludingalladjustmentsandimprovements.For
taxpurposes,itistheamountyousubtractfromthenetsalepricetodeterminetherealizedgainorlossForexample,ifyoupaid$150,000foryourhome,butaddedaporchfor$25,000,yourbasisisnow
$175,000.Youhavestepped-upthebasis
BasisPointThesmallestmeasureusedinquotingyieldsandinterestrates.Onebasispointequals.01%,soa100
basispointmoveinaU.S.Treasurybondyieldis1%
BearerCertificateAsecuritywhoseownerisnotregisteredonthebooksoftheissuerandwhichis,therefore,payableto
thepersonpossessingthecertificate.Abearerbondhascouponsattached,whichthebondholdersends
inorpresentsontheinterestdateforpayment.Bearerstockcertificatesarenegotiablewithout
endorsement
BetaAmeasureofriskcommonlyusedtocomparethevolatilityofmutualfundsorstockstotheoverall
marketTheS&P500Indexisthebaseforcalculatingbetaandcarriesavalueof1.Securitieswith
betasbelow1arelessriskythanthemarketasawhole.Betasabove1aremorerisky.Abetaof1.3is
30%morevolatilethantheS&P500.BetaswithnegativevaluesareinverselyrelatedtotheS&P500Note:
Thebetaofpreciousmetalscanbelowbutthesefundshavehighpricevolatility.Youcannot
comparethebetaofbondfundsagainstthebetaofequityfunds,b