阅读技巧示范篇题目定位+逻辑简图.docx
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阅读技巧示范篇题目定位+逻辑简图
阅读技巧示范篇——题目定位+逻辑简图
1)TworecentpublicationsofferdifferentassessmentofthecareerofthefamousBritishnurseFlorenceNightingale.(主题句,由此句和三段首句可知本文是结论解释型文章,即主要特点是总分式)AbookbyAnneSummers(观点之一)seekstodebunk(负评价的实义动词)theidealizationsandpresentareality(正评价词)atoddswithNightingale’sheroicreputation.AccordingtoSummers,Nightingale’simportanceduringtheCrimeanWar(和观点二比较的差别点)hasbeenexaggerated(负评价的实义动词):
notuntilnearthewar’senddidshebecomesupervisorofthefemalenurses.Additionally,(递进副词,表示行文方向一致,因此后面内容可以略读,仅提炼关键词即可,或不读)Summerswritesthatthecontributionofthenursestothereliefofthewoundedwasatbestmarginal.Theprevailingproblemsofmilitarymedicinewerecausedbyarmyorganizaitonalpratices,andtheadditionofafewnursestothemedicalstaffcouldbenomorethansymbolic.Nightingale’splaceinthenationalpantheon,Summersasserts,islrgelyduetothepropagandisticeffortsofcontemporarynewspaperreporters.(以上略读)
2)Bycontrast(重要的强转折词,注意对比方/观点的差异点),theeditors(对比观点二)ofanewvolumeofNightingale’slettersviewNightingaleasapersonwhosignificantlyinfluenced(正评价词)notonlyherownagebutalsosubsequenctgenerations.Theyhighlightherongoingeffortstoreformsanitaryconditionsafterthewar(观点二比较的差别点,和观点一中duringtheCrimeanWar对比,这一句是后面举例的总结句,重要,知道总结句可以不用看后面的例子。
).Forexample,(举例通常可以略读,只提取例子中的关键词,如peacetimelivingconditions,举例的关键看前后的总结句,这里是forexample前面的一句话,因为例子都是用来说明总结句的,只要明白总结句的意思就行了。
)whensheleanredthatpeacetimelivingconditionsinBritishbarracksweresohorriblethatthedeathrateofenlistedmenfarexeededthatofneighboringcivilianpopulations,shesucceededinpersuadingthegovernmenttoestablishaRoyalCommissionontheHealthoftheArmy.Sheusedsumsraisedthroughpubliccontributionstofoundanurses’traninghospitalinLondon.Eveninadministrativematters,theeditorsassert,herpracticalintelligencewasformidable:
asrecentlyas1947theBritishArmy’smedicalserviceswerestillusingthecost-accountingsystemshehaddevisedinthe1860’s.(以上略读)
3)Ibelievethattheevidenceofherletterssupports(正评价词)continuedrespectforNightingale’sbrillianceandcreativity(正评价词).(总结句后举例说明,提取关键字,略读)Whencounselingavillageschoolmastertoencouragechildrentousetheirfacultiesofobservation,shesoundslikeamoderneducator.Herinsistenceonclassifyingtheproblemsoftheneedyinordertodeviseappropriatetreatmentsissimilartotheapproachofmodernsocialworkers.(以上略读)Insum(文章最后一句话通常要仔细读,此处为总结句),although(让步略读,重点是让步后的转折句)NightingalemaynothaveachievedallofhergoalsduringtheCrimeanWar,herbreadthofvisionandabilitytorealizeambitiousprojectshaveearned(正评价词)heraneminent(正评价词)placeamongtheranksofsocialpioneers.(重点读,表明作者对以上两个不同观点的评述)
题目:
注意我怎么定位的,题干、选项和原文原句的对应线索我用相同颜色标注,题干中的定位依据的关键词我用下划线标注:
73.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithevaluating
(A)theimportanceofFlorenceNightingale’sinnovationsinthefieldofnursing
(B)contrastingapproachestothewritingofhistoricalbiography
(C)contradictoryaccountsofFlorenceNightingale’shistoricalsignificance
(D)thequalityofhealthcareinnineteenth-centuryEngland
(E)theeffectoftheCrimeanWarondevelopmentsinthefieldofhealthcare
主题题,直接定位首段首句主题句:
TworecentpublicationsofferdifferentassessmentofthecareerofthefamousBritishnurseFlorenceNightingale
74.Accordingtothepassage,theeditors(定位在观点二出现段)ofNightingale’sletterscredit(正评价的实义动词,将定位进一步限制在观点二中的正评价处,即找贡献)herwithcontributingtowhichofthefollowing?
(A)ImprovingofthesurvivalrateforsoldiersinBritishArmyhospitalsduringtheCrimeanWar(时间状语为观点一的内容,观点二的比较点在afterthewar,大胆排除)
(B)Thedevelopmentofanurses’trainingcurriculum(原文未出现,排除)thatwasfarinadvanceofitsday
(C)Theincreaseinthenumberofwomendoctors(原文未出现,排除)practicinginBritishArmyhospitals
(D)Establishmentofthefirst(极端词文章没有,选项出现,排除!
)facilityfortraiingnursesatamajorBritishuniversity
(E)ThecreationofanorganizationformonitoringthepeacetimelivingconditionsofBritishsoldiers
原文对应:
shesucceededinpersuadingthegovernmenttoestablishaRoyalCommissionontheHealthoftheArmy.
直接事实题,定位在2)段,forexample后具体内容中,此题重点在于对于文中未出现的信息的果断排除,千万不要超出文章半步的猜测。
75.ThepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutNightingale’srelationshipwiththeBritishpublic(定位在二段举例中,观点一或其他段落未谈到)ofherday?
(A)Shewashighlyrespected,herprojectsreceivingpopularandgovernmentalsupport.
(B)Sheencounteredresistancebothfromthearmyestablishmentandthegeneralpublic.
(C)Shewassupportedbytheworkingclassesandopposedbythewealthierclasses.
(D)Shewassupportedbythemilitaryestablishmentbuthadtofightthegovernmentalbureaucracy.
(E)Afterintiallybeingreceivedwithenthusiams,shewasquicklyforgotten.
Sheusedsumsraisedthroughpubliccontributionstofound