托福插入句子题练习.docx

托福插入句子题练习.docx

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托福插入句子题练习

插入句子题练习（翻译被插入句子，并找出keywords）

1.1.ButthereisalsoanotherspecialkindofconversationalflowamongSouthernwomenthatcontributedtotheirwriting.2.Someoftheirtalktooktheformoftalesandvignettestoldfortheirown.Sometimeshumorous,sometimessad;allwereasbrightasthefiguresinthefineneedlepoint.4.　　

“Thesetalesincludedgrotesque,comic,andpoeticdescriptions,charactersketches,narratives,gustsoffeeling,delicateironies,andastuteobservations。

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2.Abovethetreelinethereisazonethatisgenerallycalledalpinetundra.■Immediatelyadjacenttothetimberline,thetundraconsistsofafairlycompletecoveroflow-lyingshrubs,herbs,andgrasses,whilehigherupthenumberanddiversityofspeciesdecreaseuntilthereismuchbaregroundwithoccasionalmossesandlichensandsomeprostratecushionplants.■Someplantscanevensurviveinfavorablemicrohabitatsabovethesnowline.Thehighestplantsintheworldoccurataround6,100metersonMakaluintheHimalayas.■Atthisgreatheight,rocks,warmedbythesun,meltsmallsnowdrifts.■

Thisexplainshow,forexample,alpinecushionplantshavebeenfoundgrowingatanaltitudeof6,180meters.

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3.■Althoughorigininritualhaslongbeenthemostpopular,itisbynomeanstheonlytheoryabouthowthetheatercameintobeing.■Storytellinghasbeenproposedasonealternative.■Underthistheory,relatingandlisteningtostoriesareseenasfundamentalhumanpleasures.■Thus,therecallingofanevent（ahunt,battle,orotherfeat）iselaboratedthroughthenarrator’spantomimeandimpersonationandeventuallythrougheachrolebeingassumedbyadifferentperson.

Toenhancetheirlisteners’enjoyment,storytellerscontinuallymaketheirstoriesmoreengagingandmemorable.

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4.Muchofthewaterinasampleofwater-saturatedsedimentortherockwilldrainfromitifthesampleisputinasuitabledryplace.■Butsomewillremain,clingingtoallsolidsurfaces.■Itisheldtherebytheforceofsurfacetensionwithoutwhichwaterwoulddraininstantlyfromanywetsurface,leavingittotallydry.■Thetotalvolumeofwaterinthesaturatedsamplemustthereforebethoughtofasconsistingofwaterthatcan,andwaterthatcannot,drainaway.■

What,then,determineswhatproportionofthewaterstaysandwhatproportiondrainsaway

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5.■Modernarchitecturalformsgenerallyhavethreeseparatecomponentscomparabletoelementsofthehumanbody;asupportingskeletonorframe,anouterskinenclosingtheinteriorspaces,equipment,similartothebody’svitalorgansandsystems.■Theequipmentincludesplumbing,electricalwiring,hotwater,andair-conditioning.■Ofcourseinearlyarchitecture—suchasigloosandadobestructures—therewasnosuchequipment,andtheskeletonandskinwereoftenone.■

However,somemodernarchitecturaldesigns,suchasthoseusingfoldedplatesofconcreterorair-inflatedstructures,areagainunifyingskeletonandskin.

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6.■Ecologistsareespeciallyinterestedtoknowwhatfactorscontributetotheresilienceofcommunitiesbecauseclimaxcommunitiesallovertheworldarebeingseverelydamagedordestroyedbyhumanactivities.■ThedestructioncausedbythevolcanicexplosionofMountSt.Helens,inthenorthwesternUnitedStates,forexample,palesincomparisontothedestructioncausedbyhumans.■Weneedtoknowwhataspectsofacommunityaremostimportanttothecommunity’sresistancetodestruction,aswellasitsrecovery.■

Infact,damagetotheenvironmentbyhumansisoftenmuchmoreseverethandamagebynaturaleventsandprocesses.

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7.ThereactionoffarmerstotheinevitabledepletionoftheOgallalavaries.Manyhavebeenattemptingtoconservewaterbyirrigatinglessfrequentlyorbyswitchingtocropsthatrequirelesswater.■Other,however,haveadoptedthephilosophythatitisbesttousethewaterwhileitisstilleconomicallyprofitabletodosoandtoconcentrateonhigh-valuecropssuchascotton.■Theincentiveofthefarmerswhowishtoconservewaterisreducedbytheirknowledgethatmanyoftheirneighborsareprofitingbyusinggreatamountsofwater,andintheprocessaredrawingdowntheentireregion’swatersupplies.■

Inthefaceoftheupcomingwatersupplycrisis,anumberofgrandioseschemeshavebeendevelopedtotransportvastquantitiesofwaterbycanalorpipelinefromtheMississippi,theMissouri,ortheArkansasrivers.■Unfortunately,thecostofwaterobtainedthroughanyoftheseschemeswouldincreasepumpingcostsatleasttenfold,makingthecostofirrigatedagriculturalproductsfromtheregionuncompetitiveonthenationalandinternationalmarkets.

Butevenifuncooperativefarmersweretojoinintheconservationefforts,thiswouldonlydelaythedepletionoftheaquifer.

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8.Wheretheforestinhibitsthegrowthofgrassandothermeadowplants,theblack-taileddeerbrowsesonhuckleberry,salal,dogwood,andalmostanyothershruborherb.Butthisisfair-weatherfeeding.Whatkeepstheblack-taileddeeralivedintheharsherseasonsofplantdecoyanddormancyOnecompensationfornothibernatingisthebuilt-inurgetomigrate.■Deermaymovefromhigh-elevationbrowseareasinsummerdowntothelowlandareasinlatefall.■Evenwithsnowontheground,thehighbushyunderstoryisexposed;alsosnowandwindbringdownleafybranchesofcedar,hemlock,redalder,andotherarborealfodder.

■ThenumbersofdeerhavefluctuatedmarkedlysincetheentryofEuropeansintoPugetSoundcountry.■Theearlyexplorersandsettlerstoldofabundantdeerintheearly1800sandyetalmostinthesamebreathbemoanedthelackofthissucculentgameanimal.

Therefoodisavailableandaccessiblethroughoutthewinter.

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9.Thesubjectsofthepaintingsaremostlyanimals.Thepaintingsrestonbarewalls,withnobackdropsorenvironmentaltrappings.Perhaps,likemanycontemporarypeoples,UpperPaleolithicmenandwomenbelievedthatthedrawingofahumanimagecouldcausedeathofinjury,andifthatwereindeedtheirbelief,itmightexplainwhyhumanfiguresarerarelydepictedincaveart.Anotherexplanationforthefocusonanimalsmightbethatthesepeoplesoughttoimprovetheirluckathunting.■Thistheoryissuggestedbyevidenceofchipsinthepaintedfigures,perhapsmadebyspearsthrownatthedrawings.■Butifimprovingtheirhuntingluckwasthechiefmotivationforthepaintings,itisdifficulttoexplainwhyonlyafewshowsignsofhavingbeenspeared.■Perhapsthepaintingswereinspiredbytheneedtoincreasethesupplyofanimals.CaveartseemstohavereachedapeaktowardtheendoftheUpperPaleolithicperiod,whentheherdsofgameweredecreasing.■

Therefore,ifthepaintingswereconnectedwithhunting,someotherexplanationisneeded.

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10.Continuedsedimentation—theprocessofdeposits'settlingontheseabottom—buriestheorganicmatterandsubjectsittohighertemperaturesandpressures,whichconverttheorganicmattertooilandgas.■Asmuddysedimentsarepressedtogether,thegasandsmalldropletsofoilmaybesqueezedoutofthemudandmaymoveintosandylayersnearby.■Overlongperiodsoftime（millionsofyears）,accumulationsofgasandoilcancollectinthesandylayers.■Bothoilandgasarelessdensethanwater,sotheygenerallytendtoriseupwardthroughwater-saturatedrockandsediment.■

Unlesssomethingactstohaltthismigration,thesenaturalresourceswilleventuallyreachthesurface.

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11.Scientistshaveknownforsometimethatcertainplants,calledhyperaccumulators,canconcentratemineralsatlevelsahundredfoldorgreaterthannormal.■Asurveyofknownhyperaccumulatorsidentifiedthat75percentofthemamassednickel,cobalt,copper,zinc,manganese,lead,andcadmiumareothermineralsofchoice.■Hyperaccumulatorsruntheentirerangeoftheplantworld.■Theymaybeherbs,shrubs,ortrees.■Manymembersofthemustardfamily,spurgefamily,legumefamily,andgrassfamilyaretophyperaccumulators.Manyarefoundintropicalandsubtropicalareasofthemetalsmayaffordsomeprotectionagainstplant-eatinginsectsandmicrobialpathogens.

Certainmineralsaremorelikelytobeaccumulatedinlargequantitiesthanothers.

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12.SpeculationontheoriginofthesePacificislandsbeganassoonasoutsidersencounteredthem;intheabsenceofsolidlinguistic,archaeological,andbiologicaldata,manyfancifulandmutuallyexclusivetheoriesweredevised.PacificislanderswerevariouslythoughttohavecomefromNorthAmerica,SouthAmerica,Egypt,Israel,andIndia,aswellasSoutheastAsia.■ManyoldertheoriesimplicitlydeprecatedthenavigationalabilitiesandoverallculturalcreativityofthePacificislanders.■Forexample,BritishanthropologistsSmithandassumedthatonlyEgyptianswouldhavebeenskilledenoughtonavigateandcolonizethePacific.■TheyinferredthattheEgyptiansevencrossedthePacifictofoundthegreatciv