偱证医学作业Vc能预防感冒吗.docx

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偱证医学作业Vc能预防感冒吗.docx

偱证医学作业Vc能预防感冒吗

 

偱证医学作业

(远离感冒吃Vc有效吗?

Vc能预防感冒吗?

 

学院:

医学院

专业:

班级:

姓名:

学号:

背景问题:

远离感冒吃Vc有效吗?

一、首先,明确临床问题及类型,并将问题分解为若干要素

1、前景问题构建:

健康人,服用Vc与不服用Vc相比,能否预防感冒的发生?

(或者,服用Vc与不服用Vc相比能降低健康人的感冒发病率吗?

2、问题类型:

预防

3、前景问题通常包括三或四个基本成分,可按PICO原则确定:

(1)Patient/problem,P:

健康人,正常人,感冒

(2)Intervention,I:

服用Vc

(3)Comparison,C:

不服用Vc

(4)Outcome,O:

预防感冒的发生

二、然后,选择合适的数据库

(按照“4S”模型选择数据库,直接优先选择Systems即可,若Systems不能解决问题,再逐级选择Synopses,Sytheses,Studies)

1、首先检索经过评估或筛选的循证医学信息资源(二次文献数据库)

CochraneLibrary:

CochraneDatabaseofSystematicReviews(CDSR)

UpToDate

2、再考虑检索未经评估或筛选的信息资源(原始文献数据库)

EBSCO,

中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)

CNKI中国期刊全文数据库

万方医学网

三、制定检索词和检索策略

(一)检索词的筛选

(首选P和I或两者之一作关键词,若结果太多再考虑O和C)

参考CNKI中国期刊全文数据库的“翻译助手”(

健康人healthysubjects,healthypeople,healthypersons(根据CNKI“翻译助手”提供的结果筛选出的可用词,下同)

正常人normal,normalsubjects,normalpersons,healthysubjects

感冒cold,commoncold

维生素Cvitaminc,ascorbicacid,vitaminec,vitc

发病率incidence,incidencerate,morbidity

预防prevention,prevent,preventing,preventive,prophylaxis

(2)检索策略的制定:

策略一:

(vitamincORascorbicacid)ANDprevent*AND(coldORcommoncold)

策略二:

(vitamincORascorbicacid)AND(prevent*ORprophylaxis)AND(coldORcommoncold)

策略三:

vitamincANDcommoncold

策略四:

维生素CAND感冒AND预防

(三)使用所选数据库检索偱证医学证据:

CochraneLibrary()

检索词(关键词):

感冒cold,commoncold;维生素Cvitaminc,ascorbicacid,vitaminec,vitc;发病率incidence,incidencerate,morbidity;预防prevention,prevent,preventing,preventive,prophylaxis

检索方式:

Title,Abstract,Keywords

检索策略:

(vitamincORascorbicacid)AND(coldORcommoncold)AND(incidenceORmorbidityORprevent*)

搜索结果:

CochraneDatabaseofSystematicReviews:

Issue6of12,June2013

Issueupdateddailythroughoutmonth

Thereis1resultfrom7941recordsforyoursearchon'(vitamincORascorbicacid)AND(coldORcommoncold)AND(incidenceORmorbidityORprevent*)intitleabstractkeywordsinCochraneReviews'

SortbyRelevanceAlphabeticalDate

option1VitaminCforpreventingandtreatingthecommoncold

HarriHemiläandElizabethChalker

January2013

CmReview

VitaminCforpreventingandtreatingthecommoncold

1HarriHemil

1,*,

2ElizabethChalker2

EditorialGroup:

CochraneAcuteRespiratoryInfectionsGroup

PublishedOnline:

31JAN2013

Assessedasup-to-date:

29NOV2012

DOI:

10.1002/14651858.CD000980.pub4

Copyright©2013TheCochraneCollaboration.PublishedbyJohnWiley&Sons,Ltd.

Abstract

1Topofpage

2Abstract

3Plainlanguagesummary

Background

VitaminC(ascorbicacid)forpreventingandtreatingthecommoncoldhasbeenasubjectofcontroversyfor70years.

Objectives

TofindoutwhethervitaminCreducestheincidence,thedurationorseverityofthecommoncoldwhenusedeitherasacontinuousregularsupplementationeverydayorasatherapyattheonsetofcoldsymptoms.

Searchmethods

WesearchedCENTRAL2012,Issue11,MEDLINE(1966toNovemberweek3,2012),EMBASE(1990toNovember2012),CINAHL(January2010toNovember2012),LILACS(January2010toNovember2012)andWebofScience(January2010toNovember2012).WealsosearchedtheU.S.NationalInstitutesofHealthtrialsregisterandWHOICTRPon29November2012.

Selectioncriteria

Weexcludedtrialswhichusedlessthan0.2gperdayofvitaminCandtrialswithoutaplacebocomparison.Werestrictedourreviewtoplacebo-controlledtrials.

Datacollectionandanalysis

Tworeviewauthorsindependentlyextracteddata.Weassessed'incidence'ofcoldsduringregularsupplementationastheproportionofparticipantsexperiencingoneormorecoldsduringthestudyperiod.'Duration'wasthemeannumberofdaysofillnessofcoldepisodes.

Mainresults

Twenty-ninetrialcomparisonsinvolving11,306participantscontributedtothemeta-analysisontheriskratio(RR)ofdevelopingacoldwhilsttakingvitaminCregularlyoverthestudyperiod.Inthegeneralcommunitytrialsinvolving10,708participants,thepooledRRwas0.97(95%confidenceinterval(CI)0.94to1.00).Fivetrialsinvolvingatotalof598marathonrunners,skiersandsoldiersonsubarcticexercisesyieldedapooledRRof0.48(95%CI0.35to0.64).

Thirty-onecomparisonsexaminedtheeffectofregularvitaminConcommoncoldduration(9745episodes).Inadultsthedurationofcoldswasreducedby8%(3%to12%)andinchildrenby14%(7%to21%).Inchildren,1to2g/dayvitaminCshortenedcoldsby18%.TheseverityofcoldswasalsoreducedbyregularvitaminCadministration.

SevencomparisonsexaminedtheeffectoftherapeuticvitaminC(3249episodes).NoconsistenteffectofvitaminCwasseenonthedurationorseverityofcoldsinthetherapeutictrials.

Themajorityofincludedtrialswererandomised,double-blindtrials.Theexclusionoftrialsthatwereeithernotrandomisedornotdouble-blindhadnoeffectontheconclusions.

Authors'conclusions

ThefailureofvitaminCsupplementationtoreducetheincidenceofcoldsinthegeneralpopulationindicatesthatroutinevitaminCsupplementationisnotjustified,yetvitaminCmaybeusefulforpeopleexposedtobriefperiodsofseverephysicalexercise.RegularsupplementationtrialshaveshownthatvitaminCreducesthedurationofcolds,butthiswasnotreplicatedinthefewtherapeutictrialsthathavebeencarriedout.Nevertheless,giventheconsistenteffectofvitaminConthedurationandseverityofcoldsintheregularsupplementationstudies,andthelowcostandsafety,itmaybeworthwhileforcommoncoldpatientstotestonanindividualbasiswhethertherapeuticvitaminCisbeneficialforthem.FurthertherapeuticRCTsarewarranted.

Plainlanguagesummary

VitaminCforpreventingandtreatingthecommoncold

Thecommoncoldisamajorcauseofvisitstoadoctorinhigh-incomecountriesandofabsenteeismfromworkandschool.Thereareover200viruseswhichcancausethecommoncoldsymptomsincludingrunnynose,congestion,sneezing,sorethroat,cough,andsometimesheadache,feverandredeyes.Symptomsvaryfrompersontopersonandcoldtocold.Sincethecommoncoldisusuallycausedbyoneoftherespiratoryviruses,antibioticsareuselessandthereforeotherpotentialtreatmentoptionsareofsubstantialpublichealthinterest.

VitaminChasbeenproposedfortreatingrespiratoryinfectionssinceitwasisolatedinthe1930s.Itbecameparticularlypopularinthe1970swhenNobellaureateLinusPaulingconcludedfromearlierplacebo-controlledtrialsthatvitaminCwouldpreventandalleviatethecommoncold.Overtwodozennewtrialswereundertakenthereafter.VitaminChasbeenwidelysoldandusedasapreventiveandtherapeuticagent.

Thisreviewisrestrictedtoplacebo-controlledtrialstesting0.2g/dayormoreofvitaminC.本综述限于采用维生素C的量为0.2克/天或更多的安慰剂对照试验。

RegularingestionofvitaminChadnoeffectoncommoncoldincidenceintheordinarypopulation,basedon29trialcomparisonsinvolving11,306participants.根据共涉及11306名参与者的29项对照试验,维生素C的有规律摄入对普通人群的普通感冒发病率没有影响。

However,regularsupplementationhadamodestbutconsistenteffectinreducingthedurationofcommoncoldsymptoms,whichisbasedon31studycomparisonswith9745commoncoldepisodes.规则的补充,有一个温和而一致的效果,Infivetrialswith598participantsexposedtoshortperiodsofextremephysicalstress(includingmarathonrunnersandskiers)vitaminChalvedthecommoncoldrisk.在五个试验,598名暴露于极端物理短时间的压力(包括马拉松运动员和滑雪)维生素C的普通感冒的风险减半。

ThepublishedtrialshavenotreportedadverseeffectsofvitaminC.已发表的试验研究没有报告的维生素C的副作用。

TrialsofhighdosesofvitaminCadministeredtherapeutically,startingaftertheonsetofsymptoms,showednoconsistenteffectonthedurationorseverityofcommoncoldsymptoms.However,onlyafewtherapeutictrialshavebeencarriedoutandnonehaveexaminedchildren,althoughtheeffectofprophylacticvitaminChasbeengreaterinchildren.Onelargetrialwithadultsreportedbenefitfroman8gtherapeuticdoseattheonsetofsymptoms,andtwotherapeutictrialsusingfive-daysupplementationreportedbenefit.MoretrialsarenecessarytosettlethepossibleroleoftherapeuticvitaminC,meaningadministrationimmediatelyaftertheonsetofsymptoms.

检索CochraneLibrary:

网址:

以主题浏览(BROWSE BY TOPICS )检索方式(选择“Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews ”,选择“BROWSE  BY TOPICS ”,选择“Ear ,nose ,&throat ”,选择“Nose  & sinus  ”,选择“Common  cold &cough ”)如下图所示:

 

从而进入到页面:

CochraneReviews:

Commoncold&cough

在CochraneReviews:

Commoncold&cough的Page2发现了与要搜索的问题最相关的一篇,如下图所示:

 

点击该篇的链接,得到跟前面通过“title,abstract,keywords”检索到的相同的结果

 

调整检索策略,去除过多的限制词,如prevent等,采用coldANDvitaminc再次通过“title,abstract,keywords”检索:

仍然得到与上述相同的结果。

 

ClinicalEvidence()

关键词:

检索策略:

搜索结果:

Uptodate数据库(

关键词:

感冒cold,commoncold;维生素Cvitaminc,ascorbicacid,vitaminec,vitc;发病率incidence,incidencerate,morbidity;预防prevention,prevent,preventing,preventive,prophylaxis

检索策略:

SearchResultsfor"vitamincandcommoncold"

(vitamincORascorbicacid)AND(coldORcommoncold)AND(incidenceORmorbidityORprevent*)

vitamincANDcommoncoldAND(incidenceORmorbidityORprevent*)

搜索结果:

Thecommoncoldinadults:

Treatmentandprevention

Vitaminsupplementationindiseaseprevention

Thecommoncoldinchildren:

Treatmentandprevention

What'snewinprimarycareinternalmedicine

Overviewofwater-solublevitamins

What'snewinfamilymedicine

Overviewofdietarytraceminerals

Patientinformation:

Thecommoncoldinadults(BeyondtheBasics)

Patientinformation:

Thecommoncoldinchildren(BeyondtheBasics)

Nutritionalstatus

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