高考英语任务型阅读试题及答案1001.docx
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高考英语任务型阅读试题及答案1001
高考英语任务型阅读试题（及答案）100
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一、高中英语任务型阅读
1．任务型阅读
AgehasitsprivilegesinAmerica,andoneofthemostimportantofthemistheseniorcitizendiscount.Eligibility（资格）isdeterminednotbyone'sneedbutbythedateonone'sbirthcertificate.Thediscountshavebecomearoutinepartofmanybusinesses—ascommonascolortelevisionsinmotelroomsandfreecoffeeonairliners.
Peoplewithgrayhairoftenaregiventhediscountswithoutevenaskingforthem;yet,millionsofAmericansaboveage60arehealthyandsolvent（有支付能力的）.Businessesthatwouldneverdareofferdiscountstocollegestudentsoranyoneunder30freelyofferthemtoolderAmericans.Thepracticeisacceptablebecauseofthewidespreadbeliefthat＂elderly＂means＂needy＂.Perhapsthatoncewastrue,buttodayelderlyAmericansasagrouphavealowerpovertyratethantherestofthepopulation.Tobesure,thereiseconomicdiversitywithintheelderly,andmanyolderAmericansarepoor.Butmostofthemaren't.
Itisimpossibletodeterminetheimpactofthediscountsonindividualcompanies.Formanyfirms,theyareastimulustorevenue.Butinothercases,thediscountsaregivenattheexpense,directlyorindirectly,ofyoungerAmericans.Moreover,theyareadirectirritant（刺激物）inwhatsomepoliticiansandscholarsseeasacomingconflictbetweenthegenerations.
GenerationaltensionsarebeingfueledbycontinuingdebateoverSocialSecuritybenefits,whichmostlyinvolveatransferofresourcesfromtheyoungtotheold.Employmentisanothersorepoint.Supportedbylawsandcourtdecisions,moreandmoreolderAmericansaredecliningtheretirementdinnerinfavorofstayingonthejob—therebylesseningemploymentandpromotionopportunitiesforyoungerworkers.
Farfromakindofcharitytheyoncewere,seniorcitizendiscountshavebecomeaprivilegetoagroupwithmillionsofmemberswhodon'tneedthem.
Itnolongermakessensetotreattheelderlyasasinglegroupwhoseeconomicneedsdeservepriorityoverthoseofothers.Seniorcitizendiscountsonlyenhancethemyththatolderpeoplecan'ttakecareofthemselvesandneedspecialtreatment;andtheythreatenthecreationofanewmyth,thattheelderlyareungratefulandtakingforthemselvesattheexpenseofchildrenandotheragegroups.SeniorcitizendiscountsaretheessenceoftheverythingolderAmericansarefightingagainst—discriminationbyage.
Outline
Details
Introduction
AgedetermineswhetheranAmericancanbegivenadiscount,whichisacommon________inAmericanbusinesslifetoday.
Originofseniorcitizendiscount
Sincetheseniorcitizensareoftentreatedaspeoplewhoarein________ theyaregivensuchpriority.
________situation
●Thesituationhaschangedalotwherethemajorityoftheelderlyarenotpooratall.
●YoungerAmericanswereata（n）________ directlyorindirectlyduetothediscountsgiventotheelderly,thusleadingtoconflictsbetweengenerations.
●ThenumberofolderAmericans________toworkratherthanretireisontheincrease,whichmeans________opportunitiesforyoungworkers.
●Itisnolongerakindofcharitybecausemillionsofseniorcitizensdon'tneedthepriority________ .
Conclusion
●It'sunwisetoofferdiscountprioritytotheelderly.
●Itwillmisleadpeopletothinktheyareunableto________ tothemselves.
●Peoplemaythinkthattheyareungratefulandthey'rehurtingthe________ ofotheragegroups.
●Actuallyseniorcitizendiscounts,tosomeextent,________ againsttheirage.
【答案】practice；need/poverty；Present/Current；disadvantage；preferring；fewer；economically；attend/tend；interest（s）/benefit（s）；discriminate
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，探讨了美国社会老年人享受商品折扣这一特殊待遇的现象。
作者提出很多老年人是拥有支付能力的，他们并不需要享受折扣。
让他们享受商品折扣其实是牺牲了年轻人的利益，甚至会加剧两代人之间的冲突，从某种程度上来说，老年人所享受折扣其实也是一种年龄歧视。
（1）考查信息转换。
根据第一段中的＂Thediscountshavebecomearoutinepartofmanybusinesses—ascommonas…＂可知这是一种惯常行为，acommonpractice意为“惯常行为，常规做法”，因此填practice。
（2）考查信息转换。
根据第二段中的＂Thepracticeisacceptablebecauseofthewidespreadbeliefthat'elderly'means'needy'＂可知对老人打折起因于认为老年人有需要，也就是贫穷。
因此填need/poverty。
（3）考查信息归纳。
由本栏中提到的四点可以看出此处是说目前美国的社会现状，即Present/Currentsituation。
因此填Present/Current。
（4）考查信息转换。
根据第三段中的＂Butinothercases,thediscountsaregivenattheexpense,directlyorindirectly,ofyoungerAmericans.＂可知对老年人优惠使得年轻人处于不利地位，atadisadvantage固定短语“处于不利地位”，因此填disadvantage。
（5）考查信息转换。
根据第四段中的＂moreandmoreolderAmericansaredecliningtheretirementdinnerinfavorofstayingonthejob＂可知选择继续工作而不选择退休的老年人的数量在增加。
prefer…ratherthan固定短语，“选择.....而不选择.....”，因为“olderAmericans____5____toworkratherthanretireisontheincrease”跟在介词of后面修饰前面的主语Thenumber，所以空格处prefer用动名词形式，故填preferring。
（6）考查信息转换。
根据第四段中的＂therebylesseningemploymentandpromotionopportunitiesforyoungerworkers＂可知老年人不愿退休，年轻人就业和升职的机会变少了，故填fewer。
（7）考查信息转换。
根据最后一段中的＂Itnolongermakessensetotreattheelderlyasasinglegroupwhoseeconomicneedsdeservepriorityoverthoseofothers.可知很多老年人在经济上不需要这种优惠了，这里空格处修饰动词need，要用经济的副词形式，故填economically。
（8）考查信息转换。
根据最后一段中的＂Seniorcitizendiscountsonlyenhancethemyththatolderpeoplecan'ttakecareofthemselves＂可知长者折扣只会增强老年人不能照顾自己的谬见。
attend/tendtooneself固定短语“照顾自己”，因此填attend/tend。
（9）考查信息转换。
根据最后一段中的＂theelderlyareungratefulandtakingforthemselvesattheexpenseofchildrenandotheragegroups＂可知，人们会认为老年人是不感恩的，而且他们伤害了其他年龄段的人的利益，因此填interest（s）/benefit（s）。
（10）考查信息转换，根据最后一段中的“SeniorcitizendiscountsaretheessenceoftheverythingolderAmericansarefightingagainst—discriminationbyage.”可知年长者折扣可能会被认为是一种年龄歧视，这里用在against前，用动词形式。
故填discriminate。
【点评】本题考点涉及信息转换和信息归纳两个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，根据上下文的逻辑关系，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，做出正确答案。
2．（2018•浙江）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
Movingintoanewhomeinanewneighborhoodisanexcitingexperience.Ofcourse,youwanttomakesurethatyoubecomeanacceptedandvaluablepartofyournewneighborhood.Theeasiestwaytoaccomplishthisistomakesureyouconductyourselfasagoodneighborshould.________
Perhapsoneofthemostimportantthingsyoucandoasagoodneighboristokeepyourproperty（房产）neat,clean,andingoodrepair.________Bychoosingtokeeptheoutsideofthehomeingreatshape,youwillhelptoimprovethelookandfeelofthearea.
Second,taketheoverallappearanceoftheneighborhoodseriously.Whengoingforawalk.Takealongasmallgarbagebag.________Thissmallactwillletyourneighborsknowthatyoucareaboutthearea.
________ Ifaneighborisgoingtobeoutoftown,offertocollectmailandnewspapers.Ifaneighborsuffersanillness,offertodothegroceryshopping.Letthemknowyouaretheretohelpinanywaythisacceptable,whilestillrespectingtheprivacyofyourneighbor.
________Byfollowingthebasicrulesofrespectingothers,takingcareofwhatbelongstoyou,andtakingprideintheappearanceoftheneighborhoodingeneral,youwillquicklybecomeagoodneighborthateveryoneappreciates.
A.Ingeneral,keepaneyeontheirpropertywhiletheyaregone.
B.Agoodneighborisalsoonewholikestohelpoutinsmallways.
C.Beingagoodneighborismoreorlessaboutconsideratebehavior.
D.Sometimesneighborsmaygotothesupermarkettogethertodoshopping.
E.Shouldyoucomeacrosswastepaperthrownoutofapassingcar,pickitup.
F.Peopletendtolakeprideinkeepingeverythingintheirstreetfreshandinviting.
G.Hereareafewtipstohelpyouwinovereveryoneintheneighborhoodquickly
【答案】G；F；E；B；C
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文，介绍了乔迁新居后更好更快地融入新社区的四大策略：
如保持清洁卫生、做个热情的有心人等。
⑴G此处是承上启下的句子，即呼应上一句“确保你做一个好邻居应该做的事”，后概括下文“做一个好邻居应该注意那些技巧”，故答案为G。
⑵F根据下文强调的outsideofthehome，联系到上文keepyourproperty（房产）neat,clean,andingoodrepair，所以此处谈论如从外观上让邻居接受你，故答案为F。
⑶E前文的smallgarbagebag是为了“pickupwastepaper”准备的，后一句的Thissmallact就是指捡废纸的这一举动，故答案为E。
⑷B此处是本段的主题句，后一句中的offertocollectmailandnewspapers正是帮助邻居做一些小事情的表现，所以答案为B。
⑸C此处是本段的主题句，后一句中的respectingothers,takingcareofwhatbelongstoyou,andtakingprideintheappearanceoftheneighborhood均是consideratebehaviors，故答案为C。
【点评】这是一篇说明文，重在考查上下文之间的逻辑关系，答题时首先浏览文章主旨，并理解各个选项所表达的含义。
然后再读短文，选出最能使上下文语义通顺的选项，注意段落大意，空格前后的关键词等信息，完成后要通读一篇，看语义是否通顺，是否符合逻辑，必要的话做适当修改。
3．任务型阅读
Yourlifeiscomposedofallthelittlethingsweexperienceeveryday,andknowinghowtofindjoyinsomeofthoselittlethingsisoneoftheeasiestwaystolethappinessslowlyfillyourcup.Inorderforthattohappen,youneedtodotwoverysimplethings,putyourselfinsuchsituationsthatyoucanexperiencehappinessthere,andthenfindawaytosavourtheexperienceandletitsinkintoyou.
Toputyourselfinthepositionofexperiencinghappinesseveryday,LahanCatalino,Ph.D,attheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,recommendsanapproachcalled“prioritizingpositivity”—organizingyourday-to-daylifeonpurposesothatitcontainssituationswhichnaturallygiverisetopositiveemotions.Itinvolvesbothcarvingouttimeinyourdailyroutinetodothingsthatyoureallyloveandheavilyweighingthepositiveemotionalconsequencesofmajorlifedecisions,liketakinganewjob,andyouwillregularlyfindyourself.
Thenhowcanwefindawaytosavourthehappyexperienceandletitsinkintoyou?
HereiswhatpsychologistRickHanson,theauthorofBuddha'sBrainexplains.
Letagoodfactbecomeagoodexperience.
Oftenwegothroughlifeandsomegoodthinghappens—alittlethinglikewecheckedoffanitemonourToDclist,wesurvivedanotherdayatwork,theflowersareblooming,andsoforth.Hey,thisisanopportunitytofeelgood.Don'tleavethemoneylyingonthetable:
recognizethatthisisanopportunitytoletyourselftrulyfeelgood.
Reallyenjoythispositiveexperience.
Practicewhatanyschoolteacherknows:
ifyouwanttohelppeoplele
升级会员 