16乘16点阵.docx
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16乘16点阵
北华航天工业学院
综合实践总结报告
综合实践名称：
EDA技术与实践
综合实践地点、时间
一．题目功能分析和设计
实验的要求有如下三点:
1.用16*16点阵的发光二极管显示字符；
2.可显示字符为0~9的数字字符与A~F英文字母的大写；
3.输入为四位二进制矢量;
按照要求可知，LED点阵模块，共由16×16=256个LED发光二极管组成，如何在该点阵模块上显示数字和字母是本实验的关键。
先将要显示的每一幅图像画在一个16×16共256个小方格的矩形框中，再在有笔划下落处的小方格里填上“1”，无笔划处填上“0”，这样就形成了与这个汉字所对应的二进制数据在该矩形框上的分布
以数字8为例，点阵分布为：
0000000000000000
0000000000000000
0001111111111000
0001111111111000
0001100000011000
0001100000011000
0001100000011000
0001111111111000
0001111111111000
0001100000011000
0001100000011000
0001100000011000
0001111111111000
0001111111111000
0000000000000000
0000000000000000
考虑到实际物理实验平台上点阵发光二极管的原理，以下为16×16点阵LED外观图，只要其对应的X、Y轴顺向偏压，即可使LED发亮。
例如如果想使左上角LED点亮，则Y0=1，X0=0即可。
所以我采用行列扫描的方法，用四位二进制数做列选信号（总共16列），如选中第一列，则扫描第一列之中哪些行是高电平
（1），哪些行是低电平（0）；为高电平的则点亮，为低电平的不亮。
（列信号都接地）。
如此，列选信号由“0000”变到“1111”时，16列扫描完毕，一个字也就出来了，列选信号重新由“0000”开始扫描。
注意扫描频率必须要足够快，才能保证显示一个数字或字母时所有灯在肉眼看来是同时在闪烁的。
再者，就是字变换的问题。
题目要求可显示字符为0~9的数字字符与A~F英文字母的大写；16个字正好用四位二进制表示，字选信号。
每个字选信号对应一个0到9，A到F中的一个字模（像前面列出的8的字模一样）。
通常情况下是1s变一个字符，但我在实验时考虑到仿真的问题，将字选信号的变化周期缩小很多，以便仿真。
要注意的是，列选信号变化频率一定是比字选信号大得多的。
二．总体模块划分
1.字选模块
输入为一个时钟信号，输出为4位二进制（用xuan表示）字选信号，用来顺序输出题目要求的16个字。
因为设计采用字选模块和列选模块使用同一个输入时钟脉冲，但是字选信号的变化频率比列选信号要小得多。
所以该模块中还应该设置一个计数器，计数器满，则Q加1，即变向下一个字，同时计数器重新置零。
2.列选模块
输入为一个时钟信号，输出为4位二进制（用sel表示）列选信号，用来选中列，进行扫描。
3.显示模块
输入为字选信号和列选信号，输出为16位二进制，用来表示一列，该列中的1的位置就表示亮灯的位置，0的位置表示不亮。
每扫描一列就输出一列，看该列中哪些行是1，哪些行是0。
该模块应该包含0~9，A~F这16个字模。
4.顶层模块
该模块采用图形模式（.gdf），将所有的模块按要求合理连接起来后，再添加上顶层的输入输出信号。
附顶层图：
三．代码实现
1.显示模块
LIBRARYIEEE;
USEIEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL;
ENTITYXIANSHIIS
PORT（XUAN:
INSTD_LOGIC_VECTOR（3DOWNTO0）;
SEL:
INSTD_LOGIC_VECTOR（3DOWNTO0）;
Q:
OUTSTD_LOGIC_VECTOR（15DOWNTO0）
）;
ENDENTITYXIANSHI;
ARCHITECTUREXSDZOFXIANSHIIS
BEGIN
PROCESS（XUAN,SEL）
BEGIN
CASEXUANIS
WHEN"0000"=>
CASESELIS
when"0000"=>Q<="0000000000000000";----显示“0”
when"0001"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"0010"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"0011"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"0100"=>Q<="0001111111111000";
when"0101"=>Q<="0010000000000100";
when"0110"=>Q<="0100000000000010";
when"0111"=>Q<="0100000000000010";
when"1000"=>Q<="0100000000000010";
when"1001"=>Q<="0010000000000100";
when"1010"=>Q<="0001111111111000";
when"1011"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"1100"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"1101"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"1110"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"1111"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
whenothers=>null;
ENDCASE;
WHEN"0001"=>
CASESELIS
when"0000"=>Q<="0000000000000000";---显示"1"
when"0001"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"0010"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"0011"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"0100"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"0101"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"0110"=>Q<="0110000000000000";
when"0111"=>Q<="0111111111111110";
when"1000"=>Q<="0111111111111110";
when"1001"=>Q<="0110000000000110";
when"1010"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"1011"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"1100"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"1101"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"1110"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"1111"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
whenothers=>null;
ENDCASE;
WHEN"0010"=>
CASESELIS
when"0000"=>Q<="0000000000000000";---显示“2”
when"0001"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"0010"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"0011"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"0100"=>Q<="0111000000000110";
when"0101"=>Q<="0111100000000110";
when"0110"=>Q<="0110110000000110";
when"0111"=>Q<="0110011000000110";
when"1000"=>Q<="0110001111111110";
when"1001"=>Q<="0110000111111110";
when"1010"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"1011"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"1100"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"1101"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"1110"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"1111"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
whenothers=>null;
ENDCASE;
WHEN"0011"=>
CASESELIS
when"0000"=>Q<="0000000000000000";--显示”3“
when"0001"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"0010"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"0011"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"0100"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"0101"=>Q<="0110000000000110";
when"0110"=>Q<="0110000110000110";
when"0111"=>Q<="0110000110000110";
when"1000"=>Q<="0110000110000110";
when"1001"=>Q<="0110000110000110";
when"1010"=>Q<="0111111111111110";
when"1011"=>Q<="0111111111111110";
when"1100"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"1101"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"1110"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"1111"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
whenothers=>null;
ENDCASE;
WHEN"0100"=>
CASESELIS
when"0000"=>Q<="0000000000000000";--显示”4“
when"0001"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"0010"=>Q<="0000001111000000";
when"0011"=>Q<="0000001111100000";
when"0100"=>Q<="0000001100110000";
when"0101"=>Q<="0000001100011000";
when"0110"=>Q<="0000001100001100";
when"0111"=>Q<="0111111111111110";
when"1000"=>Q<="0111111111111110";
when"1001"=>Q<="0000001100000000";
when"1010"=>Q<="0000001100000000";
when"1011"=>Q<="0000001100000000";
when"1100"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"1101"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"1110"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"1111"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
whenothers=>null;
ENDCASE;
WHEN"0101"=>
CASESELIS
when"0000"=>Q<="0000000000000000";---显示”5“
when"0001"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"0010"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"0011"=>Q<="0110000111111110";
when"0100"=>Q<="0110000111111110";
when"0101"=>Q<="0110000110000110";
when"0110"=>Q<="0110000110000110";
when"0111"=>Q<="0110000110000110";
when"1000"=>Q<="0110000110000110";
when"1001"=>Q<="0111111110000110";
when"1010"=>Q<="0111111110000110";
when"1011"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"1100"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"1101"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"1110"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"1111"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
whenothers=>null;
ENDCASE;
WHEN"0110"=>
CASESELIS
when"0000"=>Q<="0000000000000000";--显示”6"
when"0001"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"0010"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"0011"=>Q<="0111111111111110";
when"0100"=>Q<="0111111111111110";
when"0101"=>Q<="0110000110000110";
when"0110"=>Q<="0110000110000110";
when"0111"=>Q<="0110000110000110";
when"1000"=>Q<="0110000110000110";
when"1001"=>Q<="0111111110000110";
when"1010"=>Q<="0111111110000110";
when"1011"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"1100"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"1101"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"1110"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"1111"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
whenothers=>null;
ENDCASE;
WHEN"0111"=>
CASESELIS
when"0000"=>Q<="0000000000000000";--显示“7”
when"0001"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"0010"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"0011"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"0100"=>Q<="0000000000000110";
when"0101"=>Q<="0000000000000110";
when"0110"=>Q<="0000000000000110";
when"0111"=>Q<="0000000000000110";
when"1000"=>Q<="0000000000000110";
when"1001"=>Q<="0111111111111110";
when"1010"=>Q<="0111111111111110";
when"1011"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"1100"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"1101"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"1110"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"1111"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
whenothers=>null;
ENDCASE;
WHEN"1000"=>
CASESELIS
when"0000"=>Q<="0000000000000000";---显示“8”
when"0001"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"0010"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"0011"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"0100"=>Q<="0111111111111110";
when"0101"=>Q<="0111111111111110";
when"0110"=>Q<="0110000110000110";
when"0111"=>Q<="0110000110000110";
when"1000"=>Q<="0110000110000110";
when"1001"=>Q<="0111111111111110";
when"1010"=>Q<="0111111111111110";
when"1011"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"1100"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"1101"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"1110"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"1111"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
whenothers=>null;
ENDCASE;
WHEN"1001"=>
CASESELIS
when"0000"=>Q<="0000000000000000";--显示"9"
when"0001"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"0010"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"0011"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"0100"=>Q<="0110000011111110";
when"0101"=>Q<="0110000011000110";
when"0110"=>Q<="0110000011000110";
when"0111"=>Q<="0110000011000110";
when"1000"=>Q<="0110000011000110";
when"1001"=>Q<="0111111111111110";
when"1010"=>Q<="0111111111111110";
when"1011"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"1100"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"1101"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"1110"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"1111"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
whenothers=>null;
ENDCASE;
WHEN"1010"=>
CASESELIS
when"0000"=>Q<="0000000000000000";--显示”A"
when"0001"=>Q<="0111000000000000";
when"0010"=>Q<="0011110000000000";
when"0011"=>Q<="0000111100000000";
when"0100"=>Q<="0000001111000000";
when"0101"=>Q<="0000001111100000";
when"0110"=>Q<="0000001100111000";
when"0111"=>Q<="0000001100001110";
when"1000"=>Q<="0000001100001110";
when"1001"=>Q<="0000001100111000";
when"1010"=>Q<="0000001111100000";
when"1011"=>Q<="0000001111000000";
when"1100"=>Q<="0000111100000000";
when"1101"=>Q<="0011110000000000";
when"1110"=>Q<="0111000000000000";
when"1111"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
whenothers=>null;
ENDCASE;
WHEN"1011"=>
CASESELIS
when"0000"=>Q<="0000000000000000";--显示"B”
when"0001"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"0010"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"0011"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"0100"=>Q<="0111111111111110";
when"0101"=>Q<="0111111111111110";
when"0110"=>Q<="0110000110000110";
when"0111"=>Q<="0110000110000110";
when"1000"=>Q<="0110000110000110";
when"1001"=>Q<="0110000110000110";
when"1010"=>Q<="0111111111111110";
when"1011"=>Q<="0011111001111110";
when"1100"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"1101"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"1110"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"1111"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
whenothers=>null;
ENDCASE;
WHEN"1100"=>
CASESELIS
when"0000"=>Q<="0000000000000000";--显示“C”
when"0001"=>Q<="0000000000000000";
when"0010"=>Q<="0000111111110000";
when"0011"=>Q<="0001111111111000";
when"0100"=>Q<="0011100000011100";
when"0101
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