高考英语易错题专题复习阅读理解练习题附详细答案.docx

高考英语易错题专题复习阅读理解练习题附详细答案.docx

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高考英语易错题专题复习阅读理解练习题附详细答案

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   Supposeyoubecomealeaderinanorganization.It'sverylikelythatyou'llwanttohavevolunteerstohelpwiththeorganization'sactivities.Todoso,itshouldhelptounderstandwhypeopleundertakevolunteerworkandwhatkeepstheirinterestinthework.

   Let'sbeginwiththequestionofwhypeoplevolunteer.Researchershaveidentifiedseveralfactorsthatmotivatepeopletogetinvolved.Forexample,peoplevolunteertoexpresspersonalvaluesrelatedtounselfishness,toexpandtheirrangeofexperiences,andtostrengthensocialrelationships.Ifvolunteerpositionsdonotmeettheseneeds,peoplemaynotwishtoparticipate.Toselectvolunteers,youmayneedtounderstandthemotivationsofthepeopleyouwishtoattract.

   Peoplealsovolunteerbecausetheyarerequiredtodoso.Toincreaselevelsofcommunityservice,someschoolshavelaunchedcompulsoryvolunteerprograms.Unfortunately,theseprogramscanshiftpeople'swishofparticipationfromaninternalfactor（e.g."Ivolunteerbecauseit'simportanttome"）toanexternalfactor（e.g."IvolunteerbecauseI'mrequiredtodoso"）.Whenthathappens,peoplebecomelesslikelytovolunteerinthefuture.Peoplemustbesensitivetothispossibilitywhentheymakevolunteeractivitiesamust.

   Oncepeoplebegintovolunteer,whatleadsthemtoremainintheirpositionsovertime?

Toanswerthisquestion,researchershaveconductedfollow-upstudiesinwhichtheytrackvolunteersovertime.Forinstance,onestudyfollowed238volunteersinFloridaoverayear.Oneofthemostimportantfactorsthatinfluencedtheirsatisfactionasvolunteerswastheamountofsufferingtheyexperiencedintheirvolunteerpositions.Althoughthisresultmaynotsurpriseyou,itleadstoimportantpracticaladvice.Theresearchersnotethatattentionshouldbegivento"trainingmethodsthatwouldpreparevolunteersfortroublesomesituationsorprovidethemwithstrategiesforcopingwiththeproblemtheydoexperience".

   Anotherstudyof302volunteersathospitalsinChicagofocusedonindividualdifferencesinthedegreetowhichpeopleview"volunteer"asanimportantsocialrole.Itwasassumedthatthosepeopleforwhomtheroleofvolunteerwasmostpartoftheirpersonalidentitywouldalsobemostlikelytocontinuevolunteerwork.Participantsindicatedthedegreetowhichthesocialrolematteredbyrespondingtostatementssuchas"VolunteeringinHospitalisanimportantpartofwhoIam."Consistentwiththeresearchers'expectations,theyfoundapositivecorrelation（正相关）betweenthestrengthofroleidentityandthelengthoftimepeoplecontinuedtovolunteer.Theseresults,onceagain,leadtoconcreteadvice:

"Onceanindividualbeginsvolunteering,continuedeffortsmightfocusondevelopingavolunteerroleidentity....ItemslikeT-shirtsthatallowvolunteerstoberecognizedpubliclyfortheircontributionscanhelpstrengthenroleidentity".

（1）Peoplevolunteermainlyoutof__________.

A. academicrequirements                                   

B. socialexpectations

C. financialrewards                                              

D. internalneeds

（2）WhatcanwelearnfromtheFloridastudy?

A.Follow-upstudiesshouldlastforoneyear.

B.Volunteersshouldgetmentallyprepared.

C.Strategytrainingisamustinresearch.

D.Volunteersareprovidedwithconcreteadvice.

（3）Whatismostlikelytomotivatevolunteerstocontinuetheirwork?

A.Individualdifferencesinroleidentity.

B.PubliclyidentifiablevolunteerT-shirts.

C.Roleidentityasavolunteer.

D.Practicaladvicefromresearchers.

（4）Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.HowtoGetPeopletoVolunteer

B.HowtoStudyVolunteerBehaviors

C.HowtoKeepVolunteers'Interest

D.HowtoOrganizeVolunteerActivities

【答案】

（1）D

（2）B

（3）C

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了怎样让人们去做志愿者的一些方法。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“…peoplevolunteertoexpresspersonalvaluesrelatedtounselfishness，toexpandtheirrangeofexperiences，andtostrengthensocialrelationships．”可知，人们做志愿工作主要是出于表达无私的个人价值观、拓展自身的经验、加强社会关系等内在需求。

故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“Theresearchersnotethatattentionshouldbegivento‘trainingmethodsthatwouldpreparevolunteersfortroublesomesituationsorprovidethemwithstrategiesforcopingwiththeproblemtheydoexperience．'”可知，这一研究告诉人们要注意让志愿者为棘手情况作准备，要给他们提供应对问题的策略，即让志愿者有精神准备去应对棘手情况和问题等。

故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“Itwasassumedthatthosepeopleforwhomtheroleofvolunteerwasmostpartoftheirpersonalidentitywouldalsobemostlikelytocontinuevolunteerwork．”可知，激励志愿者不断参与志愿者工作的是作为一名志愿者的角色认同。

故选C。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段“Supposeyoubecomealeaderinanorganization．It'sverylikelythatyou'llwanttohavevolunteerstohelpwiththeorganization'sactivities．Todoso，itshouldhelptounderstandwhypeopleundertakevolunteerworkandwhatkeepstheirinterestinthework．”可知，文章是为想找志愿者的组织领导者提供意见，并从两个方面展开，说明想让人们去做志愿者首先要了解人们做志愿者的动机，还要知道人们是依靠什么维持对志愿工作的兴趣。

由此可知，本文通篇围绕着如何让人们去做志愿者这一话题。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息。

同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   DNAanalysishasrevealedfamilyrelationshipsbetweenmorethan10generationsofStoneAgepeopleatmegalithic（巨石的）tombsinIrelandandSweden.

   Theevidencesuggeststhatmegaliths,prehistoriclargestonestructures,sometimesactedasgravesforfamilygroupsinnorthwesternEuropethousandsofyearsago.Thelatestfindingsthrownewlightontheoriginsandsocialstructureofthegroupsthatbuiltmegalithsinthisregion—ahistorythathaslongbeenhiddeninmystery.

   Fortheirstudy,theinternationalteamofresearchersanalyzedthegenomes—thecompletesetofgeneticmaterialinacell—of24StoneAgeindividualsfromfivemegalithicburialsitesinIreland,ScotlandandGotland,alargeSwedishislandintheBalticSea.

   Thisanalysisshowedthatmanyoftheindividualsburiedateachmegalith,whoalllivedbetween3,800B.C.and2,600B.C.,accordingtoradiocarbon-datingoftheirremains,werecloselyrelatedviafamilyties.

   TheresultsalsoshowedthattheindividualsburiedatthemegalithswererelatedtoNeolithicfarmersinnorthernandwesternEuropebutgeneticallydistinctfromotherhunter-gatherers.ThiswasparticularlynoticeableattheAnsarvesiteontheislandofGotland.

   "ThepeopleburiedintheAnsarvetombareremarkablydifferentonageneticlevelcomparedtotheindividualsdugoutfromhunter-gathercontexts,showingthattheburialtraditioninthismegalithictomb,whichlastedforover700years,wasperformedbydistinctgroupswithrootsintheEuropeanNeolithicexpansion,"MagdalenaFraser,co-firstauthorfromUppsalaUniversity,saidinthestatement.

（1）What'sthesignificanceofthenewfindings?

A. ItrevealsthefamilytiesbetweenpeopleinIrelandandSweden.

B. Itimpliesthatmanypeopleburiedinthetombswerecloselyrelated.

C. Itindicatesthelong-hiddenmysteryconcerningDNAanalysis.

D. Itsuggeststhatthemegalithsbecametombsthousandsofyearsago.

（2）Howdidtheresearchersreachtheirfindings?

A.Byinterviewingindividuals.

B.Bytravellingtodifferentregions.

C.Byanalyzinggenes.

D.Bystudyingtheburialsites.

（3）Whichistrueaccordingtothelatestfindings?

A.Somepeopleburiedinthetombswererelatedtofarmers.

B.Fewpeopleburiedinthetombsweregeneticallydifferent.

C.Allthepeopleburiedatmegalithshadfamilyrelationships.

D.PeopleburiedintheAnsarvetombweredugout700yearslater.

（4）What'sthemainideaofthispassage?

A.Megalithsservedastombsthousandsofyearsago.

B.Peopleburiedatthemegalithswererecentlyanalyzed.

C.Latestfindingsshedlightonamysteryaboutburials.

D.Stone-AgepeopleinIrelandandSwedenhadcloseties.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）C

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，最新一项发现显示石器时代的爱尔兰人和瑞典人可能存在亲属关系。

研究人员通过分析来自爱尔兰、苏格兰和位于波罗的海的瑞典格特兰岛的5个巨石墓葬遗址的24个石器时代个体的基因组。

发现，每座巨石下埋葬着许多人，他们都生活在公元前3800年至公元前2600年之间根据他们遗体的放射性碳年代测定，他们的血缘关系非常密切。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“DNAanalysishasrevealedfamilyrelationshipsbetweenmorethan10generationsofStoneAgepeopleatmegalithic（巨石的）tombsinIrelandandSweden.”可知DNA分析揭示了爱尔兰和瑞典巨石墓群10多代人之间存在家庭关系。

这项新发现意味着埋葬在坟墓里的许多人是近亲。

故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“Fortheirstudy,theinternationalteamofresearchersanalyzedthegenomes”可知研究人员是通过分析基因组得出这项发现的，故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第五段中的“TheresultsalsoshowedthattheindividualsburiedatthemegalithswererelatedtoNeolithicfarmersinnorthernandwesternEurope”可知埋葬在巨石阵中的人与北欧和西欧的新石器时代农民有关，故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段中的“DNAanalysishasrevealedfamilyrelationshipsbetweenmorethan10generationsofStoneAgepeopleatmegalithic（巨石的）tombsinIrelandandSweden.”以及文章主要内容可知文章中心内容主要围绕着石器时代的爱尔兰人和瑞典人有密切联系展开。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   Formostofus,workisthecentral,dominatingfactoflife.Wespendmorethanhalfourconscioushoursatwork,preparingforwork,travelingtoandfromwork.Whatwedotherelargelydeterminesourstandardoflivingandourstatustoaconsiderableextent.Itissometimessaidthatbecauseleisurehasbecomemoreimportant,theinjusticesofworkcanbepushedintoacorner,andthatbecausemostworkisprettyintolerable,thepeoplewhodoitshouldcompensateforitsboredom,frustrationsandhumiliationsbyconcentratingtheirhopesontheotherpartsoftheirlives.Fortheforeseeablefuture,however,thematerialandpsychologicalrewardswhichworkcanprovidewillcontinuetoplayavitalpartindeterminingthesatisfactionthatlifecanoffer.

   Yetonlyasmallminoritycancontrolthepaceatwhichtheyworkortheconditionswheretheirworkisdone;onlyforasmallminoritydoesworkofferscopeforcreativity,imaginationorinitiative.

   Inequalityatworkisst