平面磨床中英文外文翻译文献.docx
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平面磨床中英文外文翻译文献
平面磨床中英文外文翻译文献
(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)
Surfacegrinding
Surfacegrindingisusedtoproduceasmoothfinishonflatsurfaces.Itisawidely
usedabrasivemachiningprocessinwhichaspinningwheelcoveredinroughparticles
(grindingwheel)cutschipsofmetallicornonmetallicsubstancefromaworkpiece,makingafaceofitflatorsmooth.
Process
Surfacegrindingisthemostcommonofthegrindingoperations.Itisafinishingprocessthatusesarotatingabrasivewheeltosmooththeflatsurfaceofmetallicornonmetallicmaterialstogivethemamorerefinedlookortoattainadesiredsurfaceforafunctionalpurpose.
Thesurfacegrinderiscomposedofanabrasivewheel,aworkholdingdeviceknownas
achuck,andareciprocatingtable.Thechuckholdsthematerialinplacewhileitisbeingworkedon.Itcandothisoneoftwoways:
metallicpiecesareheldinplacebyamagneticchuck,whilenonmetallicpiecesareheldinplacebyvacuumormechanicalmeans.
Factorstoconsiderinsurfacegrindingarethematerialofthegrindingwheelandthematerialofthepiecebeingworkedon.
Typicalworkpiecematerialsincludecastironandminorsteel.Thesetwomaterialsdon'ttendtoclogthegrindingwheelwhilebeingprocessed.Othermaterialsarealuminum,
stainlesssteel,brassandsomeplastics.Whengrindingathightemperatures,thematerialtendstobecomeweakenedandismoreinclinedtocorrode.Thiscanalsoresultinalossofmagnetisminmaterialswherethisisapplicable.Thetolerancesthatarenormally
achievedwithgrindingare±2×10−4inchesforagrindingaflatmaterial,and±3×10−4inchesforaparallelsurface.
Thegrindingwheelisnotlimitedtojustacylindricalshape,butcanhaveamyriadofoptionsthatareusefulintransferringdifferentdesignstotheobjectbeingworkedon.
Whensurfacegrindinganobject,onemustkeepinmindthattheshapeofthewheelwillbetransferredtothematerialoftheobjectlikeamirrorimage.
Sparkoutisatermusedwhenprecisionvaluesaresoughtandliterallymeans"untilthesparksareout(nomore)".Itinvolvespassingtheworkpieceunderthewheel,without
resettingthedepthofcut,morethanonceandgenerallymultipletimes.Thisensuresthatanyinconsistenciesinthemachineorworkpieceareeliminated.
Equipment
SurfaceGrinderwithelectromagneticchuck,insetshowsaManualmagneticchuck
Asurfacegrinderisamachinetoolusedtoprovideprecisiongroundsurfaces,eithertoacriticalsizeorforthesurfacefinish.
Thetypicalprecisionofasurfacegrinderdependsonthetypeandusage,however+/-0.002mm(+/-0.0001")shouldbeachievableonmostsurfacegrinders.
Themachineconsistsofatablethattraversesbothlongitudinallyandacrossthefaceofthewheel.Thelongitudinalfeedisusuallypoweredbyhydraulics,asmaythecrossfeed,howeveranymixtureofhand,electricalorhydraulicmaybeuseddependingonthe
ultimateusageofthemachine(i.e.:
production,workshop,cost).Thegrindingwheelrotatesinthespindleheadandisalsoadjustableforheight,byanyofthemethods
describedpreviously.Modernsurfacegrindersaresemi-automated,depthofcutandspark-outmaybepresetastothenumberofpassesandoncesetupthemachiningprocessrequiresverylittleoperatorintervention.
Dependingontheworkpiecematerial,theworkisgenerallyheldbytheuseofamagneticchuck.Thismaybeeitheranelectromagneticchuck,oramanuallyoperated,permanentmagnettypechuck;bothtypesareshowninthefirstimage.
Themachinehasprovisionfortheapplicationofcoolantaswellastheextractionofmetaldust(metalandgrindingparticles).
Typesofsurfacegrinders
Horizontal-spindle(peripheral)surfacegrindersTheperiphery(flatedge)ofthewheelisincontactwiththeworkpiece,producingtheflatsurface.Peripheralgrindingisusedin
high-precisionworkonsimpleflatsurfaces;tapersorangledsurfaces;slots;flatsurfacesnexttoshoulders;recessedsurfaces;andprofiles.
Vertical-spindle(wheel-face)grindersThefaceofawheel(cup,cylinder,disc,or
segmentalwheel)isusedontheflatsurface.Wheel-facegrindingisoftenusedforfast
materialremoval,butsomemachinescanaccomplishhigh-precisionwork.Theworkpieceisheldonareciprocatingtable,whichcanbevariedaccordingtothetask,ora
rotary-tablemachine,withcontinuousorindexedrotation.Indexingallowsloadingorunloadingonestationwhilegrindingoperationsarebeingperformedonanother.
Discgrindersanddouble-discgrindersDiscgrindingissimilartosurfacegrinding,butwithalargercontactareabetweendiscandworkpiece.Discgrindersareavailableinboth
verticalandhorizontalspindletypes.Doublediscgrindersworkbothsidesofaworkpiecesimultaneously.Discgrindersarecapableofachievingespeciallyfinetolerances.
Grindingwheelsforsurfacegrinders
Aluminumoxide,siliconcarbide,diamond,andcubicboronnitride(CBN)arefourcommonlyusedabrasivematerialsforthesurfaceofthegrindingwheels.Ofthese
materials,aluminumoxideisthemostcommon.Becauseofcost,diamondandCBN