U2B3希腊神话人物背景知识.docx

U2B3希腊神话人物背景知识.docx

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U2B3希腊神话人物背景知识

U2B3：

希腊神话人物背景知识

1.Aphrodite阿佛洛狄忒

InGreekmythology,Aphroditeisthegoddessoflove,beautyandsexualrapture.AccordingtoHesiod,shewasbornwhenUranus（thefatherofthegods）wascastratedbyhissonCronus.Cronusthrewtheseveredgenitalsintotheoceanwhichbegantochurnandfoamaboutthem.Fromtheaphros（"seafoam"）aroseAphrodite,andtheseacarriedhertoeitherCyprusorCythera.HencesheisoftenreferredtoasKyprisandCytherea.HomercallsheradaughterofZeusandDione.

Afterherbirth,ZeuswasafraidthatthegodswouldfightoverAphrodite'shandinmarriagesohemarriedherofftothesmithgodHephaestus,thesteadiestofthegods.Hecouldhardlybelievehisgoodluckandusedallhisskillstomakethemostlavishjewelsforher.Hemadeheragirdleoffinelywroughtgoldandwovemagicintothefiligreework.Thatwasnotverywiseofhim,forwhensheworehermagicgirdlenoonecouldresisther,andshewasalltooirresistiblealready.Shelovedgaietyandglamourandwasnotatallpleasedatbeingthewifeofsooty,hard-workingHephaestus.

Aphroditelovedandwaslovedbymanygodsandmortals.Amonghermortallovers,themostfamouswasperhapsAdonis.SomeofhersonsareEros,Anteros,HymenaiosandAeneas（withherTrojanloverAnchises）.SheisaccompaniedbytheGraces.

HerfestivalistheAphrodisiacwhichwascelebratedinvariouscentersofGreeceandespeciallyinAthensandCorinth.Herpriestesseswerenotprostitutesbutwomenwhorepresentedthegoddessandsexualintercoursewiththemwasconsideredjustoneofthemethodsofworship.Aphroditewasoriginallyanold-Asiangoddess,similartotheMesopotamianIshtarandtheSyro-PalestiniangoddessAshtart.Herattributesarea.o.thedolphin,thedove,theswan,thepomegranateandthelimetree.

InRomanmythologyVenusisthegoddessofloveandbeautyandCupidislove'smessenger.

2．Ares阿瑞丝

TheGreekgodofwarandbattleandtheinstigatorofviolence,asonofZeusandHera.Becauseofhiscruelandwar-likenaturehewasdespisedbyallthegods,evenhisownfatherdislikedhim.Arescouldbebloody,merciless,fearfulandcowardlyandpossessednomoralattributes.Hewas,however,unabletowithstandthelovelinessofAphrodite,whosubsequentlybecamehisconsort.Areswasofgiantstatureandhadaloudvoice,andsurpassedtheothergodsinspeed.

OnthebattlefieldAreswasaccompaniedbyPhobos（"Fear"）andDeimos（"Terror"）,twolesserdivinitieswhoaresometimesgivenashissons.HewasfurthermoreattendedbythegoddessesEris（"Strife"）andEnyo（"Horror"）.AresisalsothefatheroftheHarmonia,thegoddessofharmony,andoftheAmazonsPenthesileaandHippolyte.

Ares'cultwasneververypopularinHellasandtherewereonlyafewtemplesdedicatedtohim.HiscultwasprobablyintroducedfromThrace,theregionwherehewasheldinhighregard.Etymologicallyhisnamemaymean"destroyer"or"avenger".

TheRomansequatedthemwithMarsandtheirwar-godwasofmuchmoresignificancethanAres.

3．Hephaestus赫斐斯塔司

Hephaestus,thegodoffire,especiallytheblacksmith'sfire,wasthepatronofallcraftsmen,principallythoseworkingwithmetals.HewasworshipedpredominantlyinAthens,butalsoinothermanufacturingcentres.Hewasthegodofvolcanoes.Later,thefirewithinthemrepresentedthesmith'sfurnace.HephaestuswasassociatedwithMountEtna,whichisontheislandofSicily.Knownasthelamegod,Hephaestuswasbornweakandcrippled.Displeasedbythesightofherson,HerathrewHephaestusfromMountOlympus,andhefellforawholedaybeforelandinginthesea.NymphsrescuedhimandtookhimtoLemnos,wherethepeopleoftheislandcaredforhim.ButotherversionssayZeusthrewhimfromMountOlympusafterHephaestushadsidedwithhismotherinaquarrel.ThislegendsaysthatHephaestusfellforninedaysandninenights,andhelandedontheislandofLemnos.ItwasonLemnoswherehebuilthispalaceandhisforgesunderavolcano.

TogainrevengeforhisrejectionbyHera,Hephaestusfashionedamagicthrone,whichwaspresentedtoheronMountOlympus.WhenHerasatonthethrone,itentrappedher,makingheraprisoner.ThegodsonMountOlympuspleadedwithHephaestustoreturntotheirheavenlydomain,astoreleaseHera,butherefused.Dionysusgavethesmithgodwine,andwhenHephaestuswasintoxicated,DionysustookhimbacktoMountOlympusslumpedoverthebackofamule.ThisscenewasafavoriteinGreekart.HephaestusreleasedHeraafterbeinggiventhebeautifulAphroditeashisbride.DionysuswasrewardedbybeingmadeoneoftheOlympianPantheon.

HephaestusisknownasthesonofHeraandZeus,althoughZeushadnothingtodowiththeconception.Hephaestuswasparthenogenetic,meaninghewasconceivedwithoutmalefertilisation.Herawasjealous