Globalization and its Implications for the US Defense Industry30.docx

Globalization and its Implications for the US Defense Industry30.docx

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GlobalizationanditsImplicationsfortheUSDefenseIndustry30

MAThesis

GlobalizationanditsImplicationsfortheUSDefenseIndustry

论全球化对美国国防工业的影响

Abstract

Globalizationhasobviousimpactonpost-ColdWardefenseindustry.ThispaperanalyzestheimplicationsofglobalizationfortheUSdefenseindustryandtheUSpoliciesandmeasurestodealwithit.

GlobalizationbringsaboutnotonlyopportunitiesbutalsochallengesandriskstotheUSdefenseindustry.Therush-inofforeigninvestmentprovidescapitalforthestrengtheningoftheUSdefenseindustry.However,italsoresultsintheflowofkeystrategicdefenseassetstoothercountries.WhileinternationalproductionallowstheUSdefenseindustrytoreducelaborcost,askillsgapresultingfromrelocationofproductionbaseoccursinhomeland.Althoughinternationaltradeisconducivetotheexpansionofdefensemarket,italsoleadstointensifiedinternationalcompetitionandincreaseddemandsfornaturalresourcesandrawmaterials.Internationaltechnologyco-operationcandecentralizeriskandsavecost,whiletheadvancedtechnologiescaneasilyfallintothehandsofothers.Takingthechallengesandrisksintoaccount,USgovernmentanddefensecompanieshavedonesomethingtogetprepared,suchasdiversifyingbusinesssectorsandtakingmeasurestoprotectkeystrategicdefenseassets,seizeresources,andbridgetheskillsgap.Butitisalong-termtasktodealwithglobalization,soUSstillhaslotsofthingstodo.

Thepaperconcludesthattheglobalizationtrendoftheworld’sdefenseindustryisirreversibleandshouldbedealtwithproperly.ThepaperalsogivessuggestionsonwhatshouldbedonetoensurerapidandsustainabledevelopmentofChina’sdefenseindustryinglobalization.

KeyWords:

globalization;defenseindustry;foreigninvestment;internationalco-operation;skillsgap

摘要

全球化对冷战后的世界国防工业产生了显而易见的影响。

本文将重点分析全球化对美国国防工业的影响，以及美国积极应对的政策和措施。

全球化给美国国防工业带来了许多机遇，同时也带来了风险和挑战。

外国投资的大量涌入确实为美国国防工业的快速发展提供了充足的资金，然而，也使得美国关键的国防资产流向其他国家；国际合作生产一方面使美国国防工业获得廉价的劳动力，另一方面却使得美国本土的生产基础逐渐发生变化，从而出现技术人才短缺的现象；国际贸易能够使美国军工企业获得更广阔的市场，但同时也导致了国际竞争的日益激烈以及自然资源和原材料供应的日益紧张；国际技术合作虽然能够为美国节约研发成本，分担项目可能失败的风险，但同时也使得美国的先进技术更容易落入别国之手。

针对以上风险和挑战，美国已经采取了一系列应对政策和措施，如军品公司业务多元化；政府采取措施保护关键国防资产、抢占自然资源、弥补技术人才短缺等。

但是，应对全球化是一项长期的任务，美国政府和军品公司还有很多事情要做。

本文得出如下结论：

国防工业的全球化发展是不可逆转的趋势；各国应该采取相应的政策和措施积极应对。

本文还针对我国国防工业在全球化环境中如何持续快速发展提出了合理建议。

关键词：

全球化；国防工业；外国投资；国际合作；技术人才短缺

Content

Introduction……………………………………………………………1

Chapter1GlobalizationandDefenseIndustry………………………3

1.1Threeroundsofglobalization…………………………………………………………………3

1.2Theimpactofglobalizationondefenseindustry………………………………………………6

1.3Contemporarydefenseindustry………………………………………………………………8

Chapter2TheUSDefenseIndustry…………………………………12

2.1UShegemonyinglobaldefenseindustry……………………………………………………12

2.2Powerfulsupport:

USdefensespending………………………………………………………14

2.3All-rounddevelopment:

USdefenseindustrycapability……………………………………19

Chapter3ImplicationsofGlobalizationforUSDefenseIndustry…31

3.1Foreigninvestment……………………………………………………………………………32

3.2Huge-scaleMergersandAcquisitions…………………………………………………………34

3.3Privatization…………………………………………………………………………………36

3.4InternationalCo-operation……………………………………………………………………37

3.5Internationaltrade……………………………………………………………………………41

3.6Skillsgap………………………………………………………………………………………46

Chapter4USMeasurestoDealWithGlobalization………………49

4.1Protectingkeystrategicdefenseassets………………………………………………………49

4.2Acquiringresources……………………………………………………………………………54

4.3Diversifyingbusinesssectors…………………………………………………………………58

4.4Bridgingtheskillsgap………………………………………………………………………60

Chapter5Conclusion…………………………………………………62

5.1Anirreversibletrend…………………………………………………………………………62

5.2RevelationstoChina’sdefenseindustry………………………………………………………63

Bibliography……………………………………………………………66

Acknowledgement……………………………………………………69

Introduction

Globalizationisoneofthemostpopularissuesoftheday.Itiseverywhereinpublicdiscourseandithasimplicationsforeverysectionofthesociety.

Thereareseveraldefinitionsofglobalization.Whileeconomyandtechnologyareperhapsitsmosttangiblecharacteristics,globalizationalsoincludespolitical,cultural,andideationaldimensions,sinceeachofthesehasareciprocalrelationshipwitheconomicandtechnologicalchange.Itisaprocessofinteractionandintegrationamongthepeople,companies,andgovernmentsofdifferentnations,anditisalsoaprocessdrivenbyinternationaltradeandinvestmentandaidedbyinformationtechnology.

Globalizationcanbetranslatedtoanopeningoftrade,services,andassets,whichhasaprofoundimpactonnations,markets,andindustries.Themostimportantimplicationofglobalizationisitseffectontheeconomiccompetitivenessofcountriesandindustries.Thedefenseindustryisnotimmunetothistrend.Theglobalizationofcapital